automatic taxobox
|
Italics fixes
|
||
Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
||
There are four extant families in the suborder |
There are four extant families in the suborder Myxophaga divided between two superfamilies,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tolweb.org/Myxophaga/8871 |title=Myxophaga |publisher=Tree of Life Web Project |date=2007 |accessdate=2017-05-26}}</ref> containing about 65 described species,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mesaros |first=Gabor |title=Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera, Myxophaga): A new beetle family to the fauna of Serbia |url=http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=1820-95211306071M |journal=Bulletin of the Natural History Museum |issue=6 |pages=71–74 |doi=10.5937/bnhmb1306071m|year=2013 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and at least two extinct superfamilies of the suborder.{{efn|† Denotes that the group is extinct}} |
||
* '''Superfamily Lepiceroidea''' |
* '''Superfamily Lepiceroidea''' |
||
Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
==Phylogeny== |
==Phylogeny== |
||
Little about the fossil record of Myxophaga is known, with only two fossils being described from [[Cretaceous]] [[amber]]. The first was originally placed in a new family, ''Haplochelidae'',<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |author2=Poinar, G. |date=2006 |title=Haplochelidae, a new family of cretaceous beetles (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) from Burmese amber |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |volume=108 |pages=155–164}}</ref> but latterly moved to the family Lepiceridae.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ge, S. Q. |author2=Friedrich, F. |author3=Beutel, R. G. |date=2010 |title=On the systematic position and taxonomic rank of the extinct myxophagan dagger Haplochelus (Coleoptera) |journal=Insect Systematics and Evolution |volume=41 |pages=329–338 |doi=10.1163/187631210X537385 |url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187631210x537385}}</ref> The second fossil specimen from amber was placed in the Sphaeriusidae.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |date=2009 |title=A new genus and species of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera, Myxophaga) from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber |journal=Denisia |volume=26 |pages=99–102 |url=http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0026_0099-0102.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> No impression fossils of myxophagan beetle were described until 2012, probably because of their small body size and specialized habitat.<ref name='firstskiff'>{{cite journal |author1=Cai, C. |author2=Short, A. E. Z. |author3=Huang, D. |date=2012 |title=The First Skiff Beetle (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae) from Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=116–9 |doi=10.1666/11-050.1}}</ref> This fossil specimen, from the [[Yixian Formation]] in the [[Jehol Biota]], dates from the [[Early Cretaceous]] and shows that the development of |
Little about the fossil record of Myxophaga is known, with only two fossils being described from [[Cretaceous]] [[amber]]. The first was originally placed in a new family, ''Haplochelidae'',<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |author2=Poinar, G. |date=2006 |title=Haplochelidae, a new family of cretaceous beetles (Coleoptera: Myxophaga) from Burmese amber |journal=Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington |volume=108 |pages=155–164}}</ref> but latterly moved to the family Lepiceridae.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Ge, S. Q. |author2=Friedrich, F. |author3=Beutel, R. G. |date=2010 |title=On the systematic position and taxonomic rank of the extinct myxophagan dagger Haplochelus (Coleoptera) |journal=Insect Systematics and Evolution |volume=41 |pages=329–338 |doi=10.1163/187631210X537385 |url=http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/187631210x537385}}</ref> The second fossil specimen from amber was placed in the Sphaeriusidae.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kirejtshuk, A. G. |date=2009 |title=A new genus and species of Sphaeriusidae (Coleoptera, Myxophaga) from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber |journal=Denisia |volume=26 |pages=99–102 |url=http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/DENISIA_0026_0099-0102.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> No impression fossils of myxophagan beetle were described until 2012, probably because of their small body size and specialized habitat.<ref name='firstskiff'>{{cite journal |author1=Cai, C. |author2=Short, A. E. Z. |author3=Huang, D. |date=2012 |title=The First Skiff Beetle (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae) from Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=86 |issue=1 |pages=116–9 |doi=10.1666/11-050.1}}</ref> This fossil specimen, from the [[Yixian Formation]] in the [[Jehol Biota]], dates from the [[Early Cretaceous]] and shows that the development of Myxophaga must pre-date this period.<ref name='firstskiff' /> |
||
==Description== |
==Description== |
||
|
Myxophaga have several diagnostic features: the antennae are more or less distinctly clubbed with usually fewer than nine segments, mesocoxal cavities are open laterally and bordered by a mesepimeron and metanepisternum, the hind wings are rolled apically in the resting positions. Internally, they are characterised by the presence of six [[Malpighian tubule system|malpighian tubules]] and the testes are tube-like and coiled.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beutel |first=R. |last2=Leschen |first2=R. |encyclopedia=Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology |title=Band 4 Part 38: Arthropoda, Hälfte: Insecta, Coleoptera, Beetles |volume=1 |chapter=Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim) |date=2005 |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |isbn=3-11-017130-9 |ref=harv}}</ref> |
||
Beetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.<ref>{{harvnb|Beutel|Leschen|2005|page=43}}</ref> |
Beetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.<ref>{{harvnb|Beutel|Leschen|2005|page=43}}</ref> |
||
Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
*{{cite web |title= |
*{{cite web |title=Myxophaga |work=Atlas of Living Australia |url=https://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:afd.taxon:3717c802-bced-437f-b3da-94087e7ac12c}} |
||
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Myxophaga}} |
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Myxophaga}} |
||
Myxophaga
| |
---|---|
![]() | |
Sphaerius acaroides | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Suborder: | Myxophaga Crowson, 1955 |
Families | |
Myxophaga is the second-smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.
There are four extant families in the suborder Myxophaga divided between two superfamilies,[1] containing about 65 described species,[2] and at least two extinct superfamilies of the suborder.[a]
Little about the fossil record of Myxophaga is known, with only two fossils being described from Cretaceous amber. The first was originally placed in a new family, Haplochelidae,[3] but latterly moved to the family Lepiceridae.[4] The second fossil specimen from amber was placed in the Sphaeriusidae.[5] No impression fossils of myxophagan beetle were described until 2012, probably because of their small body size and specialized habitat.[6] This fossil specimen, from the Yixian Formation in the Jehol Biota, dates from the Early Cretaceous and shows that the development of Myxophaga must pre-date this period.[6]
Myxophaga have several diagnostic features: the antennae are more or less distinctly clubbed with usually fewer than nine segments, mesocoxal cavities are open laterally and bordered by a mesepimeron and metanepisternum, the hind wings are rolled apically in the resting positions. Internally, they are characterised by the presence of six malpighian tubules and the testes are tube-like and coiled.[7]
Beetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.[8]
Only two myxophagan genera are found in North America: Sphaerius and Hydroscapha.[citation needed]
{{cite book}}
: Invalid |ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter |encyclopedia=
ignored (help)
Myxophaga |
|
---|
Authority control databases: National ![]() |
|
---|
This Myxophaga-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |