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→North America: Adding two sourced national poets. The linked source does not describe Crémazie as a national poet, solely a national figure, whereas the source in Québec does, toward his actual nation of belonging, subdivisons always having priority : Québec.
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{{short description|Poet traditionally held to represent a certain national culture}} |
{{short description|Poet traditionally held to represent a certain national culture}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} |
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{{multiple issues| |
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{{Original research|date=August 2021}}<!---Most entries are unsourced; people seem to be included who are prominent poets from their respective countries. This is different then someone actually being referred to as a "national poet"--> |
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{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}} |
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}} |
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[[File:Walt Whitman - George Collins Cox.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Walt Whitman]], often described as the United States' national poet]] |
[[File:Walt Whitman - George Collins Cox.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Walt Whitman]], often described as the United States' national poet]] |
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[[File:Tumanyan (2).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Hovhanes Tumanyan]]]] |
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[[File:Léopold Sédar Senghor 1961-11-11.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Léopold Sédar Senghor]]]] |
[[File:Léopold Sédar Senghor 1961-11-11.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Léopold Sédar Senghor]]]] |
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[[File:Dufu.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Du Fu]]]] |
[[File:Dufu.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Du Fu]]]] |
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!Country (or region) |
!Country (or region) |
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!Poet |
!Poet |
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!Sources |
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|{{flag|Afghanistan}} |
|{{flag|Afghanistan}} |
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|[[Rumi]], [[Khushal Khattak]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Morgenstierne | first1 = G. | doi = 10.1080/03068376008731684 | title = Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans | journal = Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society | volume = 47 | pages = 49–57 | year = 1960 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/poetry-of-rumi-spans-across-centuries-cultures|title=Poetry of Rumi Spans Across Centuries, Cultures|date=4 June 2009|website=PBS NewsHour}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |
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|[[Fuzûlî]], [[Imadaddin Nasimi]], [[Samad Vurgun]] |
|[[Nizami Ganjavi]] {{small|([[Campaign on granting Nizami the status of the national poet of Azerbaijan|controversy]])}}, [[Fuzûlî]], [[Imadaddin Nasimi]], [[Samad Vurgun]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.international.ucla.edu/apc/event/12311|title=How Nizami Ganjavi became an Azerbaijani National Poet: Knowledge, Power and Persian Poetry in the 1930s Soviet Union|website=www.international.ucla.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://regionplus.az/en/articles/view/7386|title="MANUSCRIPTS DO NOT BURN"|website=Region Plus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/culture/148305.html|title=Exhibition dedicated to Nasimi opens in capital|date=4 April 2019|website=Azernews.Az}}</ref><ref>Samad Vurgun</ref> |
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|{{flag|Bangladesh}} |
|{{flag|Bangladesh}} |
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|[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] |
|[[Kazi Nazrul Islam]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boloji.com/articles/2375/kaazi-nazrul-islam-the-national-poet-of-bangladesh-a-profile-study|title=Kaazi Nazrul Islam The National Poet of Bangladesh : A Profile Study|website=www.boloji.com}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|China}} |
|{{flag|China}} |
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|[[Du Fu]], [[Li Bai]] |
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|[[Du Fu]], [[Li Bai]], [[Lu Xun]], [[Luo Binwang]], [[Wang Bo (poet)|Wang Bo]], [[Lu Zhaolin]], [[Song Zhiwen]], [[Du Shenyan]], [[Yang Jiong]], [[Chen Zi'ang]], [[Zhang Jiuling]], [[Wang Wei (Tang dynasty)|Wang Wei]], [[Meng Haoran]], [[Huangfu Ran]], [[Wang Changling]], [[He Zhizhang]], [[Wang Zhihuan]], [[Liu Zongyuan]], [[Han Yu]], [[Bai Juyi]], [[Du Mu]], [[Su Shi]], [[Huang Tingjian]], [[Wang Anshi]], [[Li Qingzhao]], [[Yue Fei]], [[Mi Fu]], [[Cai Xiang]], [[Xin Qiji]], [[Fan Zhongyan]], [[Fan Chengda]], [[Yan Shu]], [[Su Zhe]], [[Sima Guang]], [[Lu You]], [[Ouyang Xiu]], [[Wen Tianxiang]], [[6th Dalai Lama|Tsangyang Gyatso]],[[Jidi Majia]] |
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|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hao |first1=Tianhu |title=Milton in Late-Qing China (1837-1911) and the Production of Cross-Cultural Knowledge |journal=Milton Quarterly |date=2012 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=86–105 |doi=10.1111/j.1094-348X.2012.00330.x |jstor=24463978 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/09/content_41814.htm|title=Poetic Genius, Sage of Poetry, Buddhist Poet and Poet-Ghost|website=en.chinaculture.org}}</ref><ref>Ward, J. E. (2008). ''Li Bai: an Homage To''. United Kingdom: Lulu.com.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Cambodia}} |
|{{flag|Cambodia}} |
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|[[Preah Botumthera Som |
|[[Preah Botumthera Som]] |
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|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Polin |first1=Soth |last2=May |first2=Sharon |title=Without Words: An Interview |journal=Manoa |date=2006 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=108–115 |doi=10.1353/man.2006.0035 |jstor=4230442 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|India}} |
|{{flag|India}} |
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|[[Maithili Sharan Gupt]], [[Subramania Bharati]], [[Kalidasa]], [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]] |
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|[[Valmiki]], [[Jhaverchand Meghani]], [[Vedavyasa]], [[Kalidasa]], [[Amir Khusrau]], [[Daagh Dehlvi]], [[Ghalib]], [[Mir Taqi Mir]], [[Tulsidas]], [[Maithili Sharan Gupt]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]], [[Maithili Sharan Gupt]], [[Thunchaththu_Ezhuthachan]], [[Ramdhari Singh Dinkar]], [[Subramanya Bharathi]], [[Kuvempu]], [[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]], [[Nilmani Phookan Jr|Nilmani Phookan]], [[M. Govinda Pai]], [[G.S. Shivarudrappa]], [[Kavi Pradeep|Pradeep]], [[Sohan Lal Dwivedi]], [[Makhanlal Chaturvedi]], [[Tanupriya Kalita]], [[Sananta Tanty]], [[Kumar Vishwas]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iias.ac.in/events/national-poet-subramania-bharati-thinker-ahead-of-times-from-tamil-nadu/|title=National Poet Subramania Bharati: Thinker ahead of times from Tamil Nadu – Indian Institute of Advanced Study}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ground.news/article/a164ad3f-b05f-4924-898b-d8296e8fac85|title=Maithili Sharan Gupta poems are awakening for the passion of patriotism|website=Ground News}}</ref><ref>''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona''. (1987). India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.</ref><ref>Bhawe, S. S. (1964). ''Kalidasa: The National Poet of India''. India: Good Companions.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=12661|title=Valmiki Jayanti At Shri Dwarkamai Vidyapeeth|website=Lokvani}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Indonesia}} |
|{{flag|Indonesia}} |
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|[[Chairil Anwar]] |
|[[Chairil Anwar]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsofresistance.com/portfolio/joma-sison/|title=Joma Sison - Arts of Resistance|website=artsofresistance.com}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Iran}} |
|{{flag|Iran}} |
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|[[Ferdowsi]], [[ |
|[[Ferdowsi]], [[Rumi]], [[Hafez]], [[Attar of Nishapur|Attar]], [[Omar Khayyám]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhlrc.ucla.edu/cnes/event/7766|title=The Shahnameh: Iran's National Epic|website=www.nhlrc.ucla.edu}}</ref><ref name="auto3">https://www.thestorymint.com/writers-pad/farha-naz/titles/my-favourite-author-jalaluddin-rumi-who-changed-my-life-0</ref><ref>Viestad, A. (2023). ''Dinner in Rome: A History of the World in One Meal''. United Kingdom: Reaktion Books.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Iraq}} |
|{{flag|Iraq}} |
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|[[Muthaffar al-Nawab]], [[Al-Mutanabbi]], [[Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri]] |
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|[[Al-Mutanabbi]], [[Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi]], [[Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri]], [[Badr Shakir al-Sayyab]], [[Muthaffar al-Nawab]], [[Nazik Al-Malaika]], [[Ahmed Matar]], [[Saadi Youssef]], [[Lamia Abbas]], [[Maruf al Rusafi]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-protesters-force-pm-leave-funeral-national-communist-poet-muzaffar-al-nawab|title=Iraq: Protesters force PM to leave funeral of national poet Muzaffar al-Nawab|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref><ref>''Wonders of creation: manuscripts of the Bavarian State Library from the Islamic world''. (2010). Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag.</ref><ref>Zeidel, R. (2020). ''Pluralism in the Iraqi Novel After 2003: Literature and the Recovery of National Identity''. United States: Lexington Books.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Israel}} |
|{{flag|Israel}} |
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|[[Yehuda Amichai]], [[Hayim Nahman Bialik]] |
|[[Yehuda Amichai]], [[Hayim Nahman Bialik]] |
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|<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gold |first1=Nili Scharf |title=Yehuda Amichai: The Making of Israel's National Poet |date=2008 |publisher=Brandeis University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv102bhrh |isbn=978-1-58465-733-0 |jstor=j.ctv102bhrh }}{{pn|date=April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Literature/Hebrew/Emergence_of_Modern_Hebrew_Literature/The_Pioneers/Hayim_Nahman_Bialik.shtml|title=Hayim Nahman Bialik}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Japan}} |
|{{flag|Japan}} |
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|[[ |
|[[Matsuo Bashō]], [[Lafcadio Hearn]], [[Tanikawa Shuntaro]], [[Ishikawa Takuboku]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2022/05/11/lafcadio-hearn-greek-national-poet-of-japan-koizumi-yakumo/|title=Lafcadio Hearn: The Greek National Poet of Japan - GreekReporter.com}}</ref><ref>''Japan Quarterly''. (1960:47). Japan: Asahi Shinbun.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-first-modern-japanese/9780231179720|title=The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku|first=Donald|last=Keene|date=19 September 2016|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54223-4 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Jordan}} |
|{{flag|Jordan}} |
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|[[Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal]] |
|[[Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal]] |
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|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mahfouz |first1=Safi |last2=Al Hweitat |first2=Dr. Mufleh |title='Arār, "Jordan's Wandering Poet among the Gypsies," and Maxwell Bodenheim, "The Village Rogue": A Comparative Study of the Two Bohemians' Lives and Poetic Styles |journal=The International Journal of Literary Humanities |date=2022 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=121–137 |id={{ProQuest|2730090789}} |doi=10.18848/2327-7912/CGP/v20i02/121-137 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Kazakhstan}} |
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}} |
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|[[Abai Qunanbaiuli]] |
|[[Abai Qunanbaiuli]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shymkent.info/2020/08/09/175th-birthday-of-abay-qunanbaiuly/|title=175th Birthday of Abay Qunanbaiuly|first=Info|last=Shymkent|date=9 August 2020}}</ref> |
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|[[File:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg|link=Korean Unification Flag|24x24px]] [[Korea]] |
|[[File:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg|link=Korean Unification Flag|24x24px]] [[Korea]] |
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|[[Cho Ki-chon]], |
|[[Cho Ki-chon]], [[Yun Dongju]], [[Han Yong-un]], [[Park Mok-wol]], [[Jeong Cheol]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2008 |script-title=ko:기획 기사 [9.9절 방북취재-6]<백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산> |url=http://www.kancc.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=special&wr_id=129 |access-date=10 November 2020 |publisher=[[Korean American National Coordinating Council]] |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis | url=http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10059 | title=Le poéte coréen Yun Tong-Ju : (Entre le Jiandao du nord et le Japon) | date=January 1989 | publisher=Aix-Marseille 1 | type=These de doctorat | last1=Lim | first1=Byung-Sun | last2=Dabezies | first2=André }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Kurdistan}} |
|{{flag|Kurdistan}} |
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|[[Hemin Mukriyani]], [[Sherko Bekas]], [[Abdurrahman Sharafkandi]], [[Ehmedê Xanî]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurdshop.net/en/famous-kurdish-persons/2899|title=Hemn, the National Poet|date=5 August 2023|website=KURDŞOP (kurdshop.net)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://nlka.net/eng/reviewing-the-secret-diary-of-a-rose/ | title=Reviewing Sherko Bekas' 'The Secret Diary of a Rose' | date=6 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://berkeley.pressbooks.pub/languagesofberkeley/chapter/kurdish/|title=Kurdish|first=Curator|last=Claude H. Potts|date=13 June 2021|via=berkeley.pressbooks.pub}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/33242260|title=The Consecration of a Kurdish National Epic|first=Michiel|last=Leezenberg|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |
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|[[Toktogul Satylganov]] |
|[[Toktogul Satylganov]] |
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|<ref>Coşkun, M. (2020:64). ''Improvising the Voice of the Ancestors: Heritage and Identity in Central Asia''. Germany: Lit Verlag.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Lebanon}} |
|{{flag|Lebanon}} |
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|[[Kahlil Gibran]], [[Said Akl]] |
|[[Kahlil Gibran]], [[Said Akl]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/12/31/prophet-greenwich-village|title="The Prophet" in Greenwich Village|website=The New York Public Library}}</ref><ref>Salameh, F. (2010:220). ''Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East: The Case for Lebanon''. Ukraine: Lexington Books.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Malaysia}} |
|{{flag|Malaysia}} |
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|[[Usman Awang]] |
|[[Usman Awang]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://s-pores.com/2007/04/linda-chen/|title=In Memory of Linda Chen (1928-2002)|date=10 April 2007}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Mongolia}} |
|{{flag|Mongolia}} |
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|[[Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj]], [[Byambyn Rinchen]], [[Hadaa Sendoo]] |
|[[Ochirbatyn Dashbalbar]], [[Dulduityn Danzanravjaa]], [[Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj]], [[Byambyn Rinchen]], [[Hadaa Sendoo]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0090599200024016/type/journal_article|title=City of felt and concrete: Negotiating cultural hybridity in Mongolia's capital of Ulaanbaatar|first1=Alexander C.|last1=Diener|first2=Joshua|last2=Hagen|date=1 July 2013|journal=Nationalities Papers|volume=41|issue=4|pages=622–650|via=CrossRef|doi=10.1080/00905992.2012.743513}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rutgers.academia.edu/SimonWickhamsmith/CurriculumVitae|title=Simon Wickhamsmith | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey - Academia.edu|website=rutgers.academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://memim.com/dashdorjiin-natsagdorj.html|title=Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj|website=memim.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calligraphy-museum.com/cn/news/news/mongolian-calligraphy-the-tradition-of-fine-writing-in-the-mongolian-language|title=Mongolian calligraphy – the tradition of fine writing in the Mongolian language | 世界书法博物馆|website=www.calligraphy-museum.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ginamc.blogspot.com/2015/06/hadaa-sendoo-world-poet.html|title=Riding & Writing...: Hadaa Sendoo, World Poet|date=14 June 2015}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Myanmar}} |
|{{flag|Myanmar}} |
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|[[Min Thu Wun]] |
|[[Min Thu Wun]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://moemaka.net/eng/2009/02/burmese-national-poet-a-literary-icon-min-thu-wun-100-year-anniversary-to-hold-far-and-wide/|title=Burmese National Poet & Literary Icon, Min Thu Wun 100 year Anniversary to hold far and wide|date=6 February 2009}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Nepal}} |
|{{flag|Nepal}} |
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|[[Madhav Prasad Ghimire]] |
|[[Madhav Prasad Ghimire]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/69553/|title=206th birth anniversary of Aadi Kavi Bhanu Bhakta Acharya being marked today (with video)|first=Sanskriti|last=Acharya|website=My Republica}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Pakistan}} |
|{{flag|Pakistan}} |
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|[[Allama Muhammad Iqbal]] |
|[[Allama Muhammad Iqbal]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/poet/muhammad-allama-iqbal|title=Muhammad Allama Iqbal|first=Academy of American|last=Poets|website=Poets.org}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Palestine}} |
|{{flag|Palestine}} |
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|[[Mahmoud Darwish]] |
|[[Mahmoud Darwish]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/3/13/remembering-mahmoud-darwish-the-poetic-voice-of-palestine|title='The war will end': Remembering Mahmoud Darwish, Palestine's poetic voice|first=Indlieb Farazi|last=Saber|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Philippines}} |
|{{flag|Philippines}} |
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|[[Francisco Balagtas]] |
|[[Francisco Balagtas]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bulacan.gov.ph/general-info/francisco-balagtas/|title=Francisco "Baltazar" Balagtas – Provincial Government of Bulacan|website=bulacan.gov.ph}}</ref> |
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|[[Ghazi Abdul Rahman Al Gosaibi]] |
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|{{flag|Sri Lanka}} |
|{{flag|Sri Lanka}} |
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|[[ |
|[[Parakrama Kodituwakku]] |
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|<ref>''Beyond Borders: An Anthology of SAARC Poetry''. (2002). India: Academy of Fine Arts and Literature and Rainbow Publishers.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Syria}} |
|{{flag|Syria}} |
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| [[Nizar Qabbani]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0272.xml|title=Nizar Qabbani|website=obo}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Taiwan}} |
|{{flag|Taiwan}} |
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|[[ |
|[[Yang Mu]], [[YuYouren]] |
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|<ref>Wong, L. L. (2009:170). ''Rays of the Searching Sun: The Transcultural Poetics of Yang Mu''. Austria: P.I.E. Peter Lang.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dokumen.pub/politics-and-cultural-nativism-in-1970s-taiwan-youth-narrative-nationalism-9780231553667.html|title=Politics and Cultural Nativism in 1970s Taiwan: Youth, Narrative, Nationalism 9780231553667|website=dokumen.pub}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Tajikistan}} |
|{{flag|Tajikistan}} |
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|[[ |
| [[Sadriddin Ayni]], [[Bozor Sobir]], [[Mirzo Tursunzoda]], [[Saadi Shirazi|Saadi]], [[Rudaki]], [[Rumi]], [[Gulnazar Keldi]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medt.tj/en/tourism/sultural-heritage/1557-sadriddin-ayni|title=Sadriddin Ayni|website=medt.tj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edurank.org/uni/tajik-national-university/alumni/|title=10 Notable Alumni of Tajik National University [Sorted List]|date=11 August 2021|website=EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/culture/literature.htm|title=Tajik Literature and Poetry|website=www.advantour.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudaki|title=Rūdakī | Classical Poet, Persian Language, 9th Century | Britannica|date=4 April 2024|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84728271/Renowned-Iranian-poet-Saadi-commemorated-in-Tajikistan | title=Renowned Iranian poet Saadi commemorated in Tajikistan | date=22 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tajmedun.tj/en/news/university/jalaliddin-rumi-poetry-and-wisdom-beyond-time/ | title=Jalaliddin Rumi - Poetry and Wisdom Beyond Time }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ecieco.org/en/news/5329/On-the-Demise-of-Gulnazar-Keldi | title=On the Demise of Gulnazar Keldi }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Thailand}} |
|{{flag|Thailand}} |
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| [[Sunthorn Phu]] |
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|[[Thammathibet]], [[Rama II|Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai]] (disputed), [[Sunthorn Phu]], [[Vajiravudh]], [[Thommayanti]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://structomagazine.co.uk/poems-from-the-buddhas-footprint-a-conversation-with-anothai-kaewkaen/|title=Poems from the Buddha's Footprint: A Conversation with Noh Anothai | Structo|website=structomagazine.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agape-editions.com/2016/10/10/midwest-monkey-reading-sunthorn-phu/|title=MIDWEST MONKEY: Reading Sunthorn Phu|date=10 October 2016}}</ref> |
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|[[Tsering Woeser]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culanth.org/fieldsights/the-work-of-art-in-the-age-of-self-immolation-1|title=The Work of Art in the Age of Self-Immolation|first=Leigh|last=Sangster|date=8 April 2012|website=Society for Cultural Anthropology}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Turkey}} |
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|[[Rumi]], [[Nâzım Hikmet]], [[Ziya Gökalp]], [[Mehmet Âkif Ersoy]] |
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|<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/turkey/articles/ziya-g-kalp-turkey-s-national-poet-and-the-father-of-turkish-nationalism | title=Ziya Gkalp: Turkeys National Poet and the Father of Turkish Nationalism | date=6 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lightmillennium.org/winter_02/jmardin_nhikmet.html|title=LM: NAZIM HIKMET National Poet, International Figure But Not A Turkish Citizen, by Julie MARDIN|website=www.lightmillennium.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/writer-of-turkish-national-anthem-commemorated-161188|title=Writer of Turkish national anthem commemorated - Türkiye News|date=28 December 2020|website=Hürriyet Daily News}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |
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|[[Magtymguly Pyragy]] |
|[[Magtymguly Pyragy]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daryo.uz/en/2023/03/06/giant-statue-of-national-poet-magtymguly-installed-in-ashgabat|title=Giant statue of national poet Magtymguly installed in Ashgabat|first=Daryo|last=uz|date=3 June 2023|website=Daryo.uz}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Uzbekistan}} |
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}} |
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|[[Abdulla Oripov (poet)|Abdulla Oripov]], [[Erkin Vohidov]], [[Gʻafur Gʻulom]], [[Mirtemir]] |
|[[Abdulla Oripov (poet)|Abdulla Oripov]], [[Erkin Vohidov]], [[Gʻafur Gʻulom]], [[Mirtemir]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/lifestyle/lord-ram-ramayana-hindu-mythology-tulsidas-valmiki-2910|title=Why Lord Ram is the most misunderstood man in India|website=www.dailyo.in}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Vietnam}} |
|{{flag|Vietnam}} |
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|[[Nguyễn Du]], [[Nguyễn Đình Chiểu]], [[Hồ Xuân Hương |
|[[Nguyễn Du]], [[Nguyễn Đình Chiểu]], [[Hồ Xuân Hương]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/en/ver.cfm?event_id=21884135|title=Discussion: Commemorating Nguyễn Du - Goethe-Institut Vietnam|website=@GI_weltweit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/1255111/unesco-celebration-held-for-200th-birthday-of-famed-vietnamese-poet.html|title=UNESCO celebration held for 200th birthday of famed Vietnamese poet|website=vietnamnews.vn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamembassy-usa.org/vi/node/3314|title=SELECTED WORKS OF HỒ XUÂN HƯƠNG READ AT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS | Đại sứ quán Việt Nam tại Hoa Kỳ|website=vietnamembassy-usa.org}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Yemen}} |
|{{flag|Yemen}} |
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|[[Abdullah Al-Baradouni]], [[Waddah al-Yaman]] |
|[[Abdullah Al-Baradouni]], [[Waddah al-Yaman]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://al-bab.com/albab-orig/albab/bys/articles/waddah96.htm|title=British-Yemeni Society: Waddah al-Yaman: national poet, by Abdulla al-Udhari|website=al-bab.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/6/28/poet-threa-almontasers-love-letter-to-yemen|title=Poet Threa Almontaser's 'love letter to Yemen'|first=Abubakr|last=Al-Shamahi|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Austria}} |
|{{flag|Austria}} |
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| [[Franz Grillparzer]] ,[[Johann Nepomuk Nestroy]],[[Georg Trakl]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]] |
| [[Franz Grillparzer]] ,[[Johann Nepomuk Nestroy]], [[Georg Trakl]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Franz-Grillparzer|title=Franz Grillparzer - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Franz-Grillparzer|title=Franz Grillparzer - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yates |first1=W. E. |title=Review of Grillparzers Welttheater: Modernität und Tradition |journal=Austrian Studies |date=2014 |volume=22 |pages=215–217 |doi=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 |jstor=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 }}</ref><ref>''Austria today''. (1984:7). Austria: Austria Today Limited.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Bashkortostan}} |
|{{flag|Bashkortostan}} |
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|{{Flag|Basque Country}} |
|{{Flag|Basque Country}} |
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|[[Bernard Etxepare]] |
|[[Bernard Etxepare]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Toledo Lezeta |first=Ana María |title= |
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Toledo Lezeta |first=Ana María |title="Linguae Vasconum Primitiae, bi partetan banaturik" |date=2008 |publisher=Jean Haritschelhar-i omenaldia |pages=625–644}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Belarus}} |
|{{flag|Belarus}} |
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|{{Flag|Brittany}} |
|{{Flag|Brittany}} |
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|[[Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué]] |
|[[Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brennan & O'Dea |first=Paul & Michael |title=Entrelacs franco-irlandais, langue, mémoire, imaginaire |date=2004 |publisher=Presses universitaires de Caen |
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brennan & O'Dea |first=Paul & Michael |title=Entrelacs franco-irlandais, langue, mémoire, imaginaire |date=2004 |publisher=Presses universitaires de Caen |pages=81}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Bulgaria}} |
|{{flag|Bulgaria}} |
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| [[Hristo Botev]], [[Ivan Vazov]] |
| [[Hristo Botev]], [[Ivan Vazov]] |
||
|<ref>[http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235244/http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007</ref><ref>{{ |
|<ref>[http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235244/http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grogan |first1=Ellinor |title=Ivan Vazov |journal=The Slavonic Review |date=1922 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=225–227 |jstor=4201601 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Carpathian Ruthenia}} |
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| [[Alexander Dukhnovych]] |
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|<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4212145 | jstor=4212145 | last1=Rusinko | first1=Elaine | title=Between Russia and Hungary: Foundations of Literature and National Identity in Subcarpathian Rus' | journal=The Slavonic and East European Review | date=10 May 1996 | volume=74 | issue=3 | pages=421–444 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Croatia}} |
|{{flag|Croatia}} |
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|{{flag|Czech Republic}} ([[Czech lands]]) |
|{{flag|Czech Republic}} ([[Czech lands]]) |
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| [[Karel Hynek Mácha]], [[Jan Neruda]] |
| [[Karel Hynek Mácha]], [[Jan Neruda]] |
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|<ref name="auto"> |
|<ref name="auto">{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004335400 |title=National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe |date=2017 |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |last2=Helgason |first2=Jón Karl |isbn=978-90-04-33539-4 |page=63 }}</ref><ref>Salcman, M. (2016:90). ''A Prague Spring, Before & After''. United States: Evening Street Press.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Dagestan}} |
|{{flag|Dagestan}} |
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|{{flag|Denmark}} |
|{{flag|Denmark}} |
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| [[Adam Oehlenschläger]], [[Hans Christian Andersen]], [[N. F. S. Grundtvig]] |
| [[Adam Oehlenschläger]], [[Hans Christian Andersen]], [[Søren Kierkegaard]], [[N. F. S. Grundtvig]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-Gottlob-Oehlenschlager|title=Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger | Danish Poet, Playwright & Novelist | Britannica|date=16 January 2024|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pookpress.co.uk/project/hans-christian-andersen-biography/|title=Hans Christian Andersen | His Life and Works}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/benign-structures-the-worldview-of-danish-national-poet-pastor-an|title=Benign Structures: 7th Conference Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries|first1=Katrine Frøkjær|last1=Baunvig|first2=Kristoffer Laigaard|last2=Nielbo|editor-first1=Sofie|editor-last1=Gilbert|editor-first2=Annika|editor-last2=Rockenberger|date=12 March 2023|journal=Book of Abstracts|pages=9–11|via=Aarhus University}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-Gottlob-Oehlenschlager|title=Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger | Danish Poet, Playwright & Novelist | Britannica|date=16 January 2024|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pookpress.co.uk/project/hans-christian-andersen-biography/|title=Hans Christian Andersen | His Life and Works}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/benign-structures-the-worldview-of-danish-national-poet-pastor-an|title=Benign Structures: 7th Conference Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries|first1=Katrine Frøkjær|last1=Baunvig|first2=Kristoffer Laigaard|last2=Nielbo|editor-first1=Sofie|editor-last1=Gilbert|editor-first2=Annika|editor-last2=Rockenberger|date=12 March 2023|journal=Book of Abstracts|pages=9–11|via=Aarhus University}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Faroe Islands}} |
|{{flag|Faroe Islands}} |
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| [[William Heinesen]], [[Nólsoyar Páll]], [[Mikkjal á Ryggi]] |
| [[William Heinesen]], [[Nólsoyar Páll]], [[Mikkjal á Ryggi]] |
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|<ref>Cadence. (1984:60). United States: B. Rusch.</ref><ref>{{ |
|<ref>Cadence. (1984:60). United States: B. Rusch.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |title=National Poets and Romantic (Be)Longing: An Introduction |journal=Arcadia |date=24 May 2017 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1515/arcadia-2017-0001 |s2cid=193047993 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catchynomads.com/wandering-the-faroe-islands/|title=Wandering The Faroe Islands|date=14 February 2021}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|England}} |
|{{flag|England}} |
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|{{flag|France}} |
|{{flag|France}} |
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|[[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Victor Hugo]], [[Arthur Rimbaud]] |
|[[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Victor Hugo]], [[Arthur Rimbaud]] |
||
|<ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=Harold L. |title=The Poetic Image of the Soldier from Baudelaire to the First World War |journal=The South Central Bulletin |date=1967 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=23–33 |doi=10.2307/3188918 |jstor=3188918 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victor-Hugo/Last-years-1870-85|title=Victor Hugo - French Poet, Novelist, Playwright | Britannica|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Galicia}} |
|{{flag|Galicia}} |
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|{{flag|Germany}} |
|{{flag|Germany}} |
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| [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Friedrich von Schiller]], [[Heinrich Heine]],[[ |
| [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Friedrich von Schiller]], [[Heinrich Heine]], [[Bertolt Brecht]], [[Friedrich Hölderlin]], [[Novalis]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan George]] |
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|<ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Elliott |first1=Mark |title=Beyond Left and Right: The Poetic Reception of Stefan George and Rainer Maria Rilke, 1933-1945 |journal=The Modern Language Review |date=2003 |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=908–928 |doi=10.2307/3737933 |jstor=3737933 |s2cid=161795959 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2015/08/poet-in-a-landscape.html|title=Poet in a landscape: the drawings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - European studies blog}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789401202978 |title=Schiller: National Poet – Poet of Nations |date=2006 |last1=Martin |first1=Nicholas |isbn=978-94-012-0297-8 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/germanliterature/19th-century/heine|title=German Literature - Heine|website=sites.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karamercan |first1=Axel Onur |title=Heidegger on Hölderlin's Hymn Der Ister. The Dwelling of the Poet and the Place-Making of the River |journal=Synthesis Philosophica |date=29 December 2022 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=395–414 |doi=10.21464/sp37207 }}</ref><ref>Decker, G. (2018:157). ''Hesse: The Wanderer and His Shadow''. United States: Harvard University Press.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Greece}} |
|{{flag|Greece}} |
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| [[Homer]],[[Sappho]],[[Pindar]], [[Solon]], [[Dionysios Solomos]] |
| [[Homer]], [[Sappho]], [[Pindar]], [[Solon]], [[Dionysios Solomos]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/h2/homer.html|title=Homer - Encyclopedia|website=theodora.com}}</ref><ref>''Pindar: Victory Odes: Olympians 2, 7 and 11; Nemean 4; Isthmians 3, 4 and 7''. (1995:109). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2023/03/24/dionysios-solomos-greek-poet/|title=Dionysios Solomos: The Greek Poet of Liberty - GreekReporter.com}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/h2/homer.html|title=Homer - Encyclopedia|website=theodora.com}}</ref><ref>''Pindar: Victory Odes: Olympians 2, 7 and 11; Nemean 4; Isthmians 3, 4 and 7''. (1995:109). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2023/03/24/dionysios-solomos-greek-poet/|title=Dionysios Solomos: The Greek Poet of Liberty - GreekReporter.com}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Hungary}} |
|{{flag|Hungary}} |
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| [[Sándor Petőfi]], [[János Arany]] |
| [[Sándor Petőfi]], [[János Arany]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://studyinhungary.hu/blog/sandor-petofi-the-revolutionary-poet-was-born-200-years-ago|title=Sándor Petőfi, the revolutionary poet was born 200 years ago - Study In Hungary|first=Tempus Public|last=Foundation|website=studyinhungary.hu}}</ref><ref>https://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02042/html/27.html</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://studyinhungary.hu/blog/sandor-petofi-the-revolutionary-poet-was-born-200-years-ago|title=Sándor Petőfi, the revolutionary poet was born 200 years ago - Study In Hungary|first=Tempus Public|last=Foundation|website=studyinhungary.hu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02042/html/27.html | title=János Arany }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Iceland}} |
|{{flag|Iceland}} |
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|{{flag|Ireland}} |
|{{flag|Ireland}} |
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| [[Thomas Moore]], [[William Butler Yeats]], [[Seamus Heaney]], [[Patrick Pearse]] |
| [[Thomas Moore]], [[William Butler Yeats]], [[Seamus Heaney]], [[Patrick Pearse]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/declan-kiberd-irish-writers-were-an-early-warning-system-about-abuse-1.3260748|title=Declan Kiberd: Irish writers were an early warning system about abuse|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jdaa2urIpEC&q=%22national+poet%22&pg=PA55|title=Catholic Emancipations: Irish Fiction from Thomas Moore to James Joyce|first=Emer|last=Nolan|date=October 15, 2007|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9780815631750 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/declan-kiberd-irish-writers-were-an-early-warning-system-about-abuse-1.3260748|title=Declan Kiberd: Irish writers were an early warning system about abuse|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jdaa2urIpEC&q=%22national+poet%22&pg=PA55|title=Catholic Emancipations: Irish Fiction from Thomas Moore to James Joyce|first=Emer|last=Nolan|date=October 15, 2007|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9780815631750 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9781107045330 |title=Irish Poetry under the Union, 1801–1924 |date=2013 |last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |isbn=978-1-107-04533-0 |page=142 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://independentleft.ie/seamus-heaney-political-poems/|title=Did Seamus Heaney write political poems?|first=Ciarán|last=O'Rourke|date=October 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4KiEAAAQBAJ&q=%22National+poet%22%22+&pg=PT57|title=Seamus Heaney's American Odyssey|first=Edward J.|last=O’Shea|date=December 30, 2022|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781000816648 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Pearse {{!}} Biography & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-Henry-Pearse |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Isle of Man}} |
|{{flag|Isle of Man}} |
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|{{flag|Latvia}} |
|{{flag|Latvia}} |
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| [[Rainis]], [[Andrejs Pumpurs]] |
| [[Rainis]], [[Andrejs Pumpurs]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rainis/334102|title=Rainis|website=Britannica Kids}}</ref><ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Rainis/334102|title=Rainis|website=Britannica Kids}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004335400_004 |chapter=Commemorative Cults of Poets and Writers: A Historical Perspective |title=National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe |date=2017 |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |last2=Helgason |first2=Jón Karl |pages=35–70 |isbn=978-90-04-33539-4 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Lithuania}} |
|{{flag|Lithuania}} |
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| [[Kristijonas Donelaitis]], [[Maironis]], [[Justinas Marcinkevičius]] |
| [[Kristijonas Donelaitis]], [[Maironis]], [[Justinas Marcinkevičius]], [[Adam Mickiewicz|Adomas Mickevičius]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/cordon/menu/eng/donelait_about_en.html|title=CorDon - About Donelaitis|website=titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de}}</ref><ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/cordon/menu/eng/donelait_about_en.html|title=CorDon - About Donelaitis|website=titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004457713_016 |chapter=The Making of the Lithuanian National Poet: Maironis |title=Literary Canon Formation as Nation-Building in Central Europe and the Baltics |date=2021 |last1=KučInskienė |first1=Aistė |pages=256–272 |isbn=978-90-04-45771-3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O192048/1941-1952-poster-zilys-arunas/|title=1941-1952|first= Arunas|last=Zilys|date=12 March 1989|via=Victoria & Albert Museum}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Luxembourg}} |
|{{flag|Luxembourg}} |
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|{{Flag|Occitania}} |
|{{Flag|Occitania}} |
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|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Arnaut Daniel]], [[Bernart de Ventadorn]], [[Comtessa de Dia]] |
|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Arnaut Daniel]], [[Bernart de Ventadorn]], [[Comtessa de Dia]] |
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|<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/30665955|title=Frédéric Mistral – poet and folk historian of Provence|first=Gwyn|last=Griffiths|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Universalis |first=Encyclopædia |title=Biographie d'ARNAUD ou ARNAUT DANIEL |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/arnaud-arnaut-daniel/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ippolito |first=Marguerite-Marie |title=Troubadour Limousin du XIIème siècle, prince de l'amour et de la poésie romane |date=2003-01-11 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |year=2003 |isbn=9782747500173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-18 |title=Épisode 8 : Béatrice de Die, la vengeresse |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/podcasts/musique-nom-feminin/episode-8-beatrice-de-die-la-vengeresse-8914812 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=France Musique |language=fr}}</ref> |
|<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/30665955|title=Frédéric Mistral – poet and folk historian of Provence|first=Gwyn|last=Griffiths|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Universalis |first=Encyclopædia |title=Biographie d'ARNAUD ou ARNAUT DANIEL |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/arnaud-arnaut-daniel/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=Encyclopædia Universalis |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ippolito |first=Marguerite-Marie |title=Troubadour Limousin du XIIème siècle, prince de l'amour et de la poésie romane |date=2003-01-11 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |year=2003 |isbn=9782747500173}}</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-18 |title=Épisode 8 : Béatrice de Die, la vengeresse |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/podcasts/musique-nom-feminin/episode-8-beatrice-de-die-la-vengeresse-8914812 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=France Musique |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Poland}} |
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| [[Adam Mickiewicz]], [[Juliusz Słowacki]], [[Zygmunt Krasiński]] |
| [[Adam Mickiewicz]], [[Juliusz Słowacki]], [[Zygmunt Krasiński]] |
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|<ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Giergielewicz |first1=Mieczysław |title=KRASIŃSKI IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD (A Bibliographical Review) |journal=The Polish Review |date=1960 |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=68–102 |jstor=25776332 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Portugal}} |
|{{flag|Portugal}} |
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|{{Flag|Provence}} |
|{{Flag|Provence}} |
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|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Comtessa de Dia]] |
|[[Frédéric Mistral]], [[Comtessa de Dia]] |
||
|<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto4"/> |
|||
|<ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-18 |title=Épisode 8 : Béatrice de Die, la vengeresse |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/podcasts/musique-nom-feminin/episode-8-beatrice-de-die-la-vengeresse-8914812 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=France Musique |language=fr}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Romania}} |
|{{flag|Romania}} |
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| [[Mihai Eminescu]] |
| [[Mihai Eminescu]] |
||
|<ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Neghina |first1=Raul |last2=Neghina |first2=Adriana M |title=Medical Controversies and DilemmasinDiscussions about the Illness and Death of Mihai Eminescu (1850–1889), Romania's National Poet |journal=Medical Problems of Performing Artists |date=March 2011 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=44–50 |doi=10.21091/mppa.2011.1007 |pmid=21442137 }}</ref> |
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|- |
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|{{flag|Russia}} |
|{{flag|Russia}} |
||
| [[Alexander Pushkin]],[[Anna Akhmatova]], [[Boris Pasternak]],[[Sergei Yesenin]], [[Ivan Turgenev]], [[Ivan Bunin]] |
| [[Alexander Pushkin]], [[Anna Akhmatova]], [[Boris Pasternak]], [[Sergei Yesenin]], [[Ivan Turgenev]], [[Ivan Bunin]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rees.sas.upenn.edu/about/spotlight/alexander-pushkin|title=Alexander Pushkin|date=12 September 2017|website=Russian and East European Studies}}</ref><ref>{{ |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rees.sas.upenn.edu/about/spotlight/alexander-pushkin|title=Alexander Pushkin|date=12 September 2017|website=Russian and East European Studies}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McVay |first1=Gordon |title=Yesenin's Posthumous Fame, and the Fate of His Friends |journal=The Modern Language Review |date=1972 |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=590–602 |doi=10.2307/3726127 |jstor=3726127 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Porter |first1=Richard N. |title=The Criteria of Turgenev's Literary Criticism |journal=The Russian Review |date=1969 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=441–452 |doi=10.2307/127163 |jstor=127163 }}</ref> |
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|- |
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|{{flag|Sápmi}} |
|||
| [[Anders Fjellner]] |
|||
|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://saamihistoryblog.wordpress.com/category/3-saami-origin/ | title=3 – Saami Origin | date=3 February 2017 }}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Scotland}} |
|{{flag|Scotland}} |
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|{{flag|Serbia}} |
|{{flag|Serbia}} |
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| [[Desanka Maksimović]], [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš]], [[Jovan Sterija Popović]], [[Jovan Jovanović Zmaj]] |
| [[Desanka Maksimović]], [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš]], [[Jovan Sterija Popović]], [[Jovan Jovanović Zmaj]] |
||
|<ref>{{cite book|author1=Balazsr2=Michal Kopecek|title=National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpPWvubBL0MC&pg=PA431|date=1 November 2006|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-7326-60-8|page=431|quote=Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/when-nazis-killed-100-serbs-per-dead-german-in-yugoslavia/a-59568136|title=Nazis killed 100 Serbs per dead German – DW – 10/21/2021|website=dw.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Berend |first=Ivan T. |date=June 2003 |chapter=Romanticism and Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe |title=History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century |url=https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/22816/chapter-abstract/183277906?redirectedFrom=fulltext |doi=10.1525/california/9780520232990.003.0003 |isbn= 9780520932098}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.openedition.org/ceup/2077|title=We, the People : Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe|first=Bojan|last=Aleksov|chapter=Jovan Jovanović Zmaj and the Serbian Identity between Poetry and History |series=CEUP collection |date=12 March 2009|publisher=Central European University Press|pages=273–305|isbn=978-615-5211-66-9 |via=OpenEdition Books}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{cite book|author1=Balazsr2=Michal Kopecek|title=National Romanticism: The Formation of National Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TpPWvubBL0MC&pg=PA431|date=1 November 2006|publisher=Central European University Press|isbn=978-963-7326-60-8|page=431|quote=Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/when-nazis-killed-100-serbs-per-dead-german-in-yugoslavia/a-59568136|title=Nazis killed 100 Serbs per dead German – DW – 10/21/2021|website=dw.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Berend |first=Ivan T. |date=June 2003 |chapter=Romanticism and Nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe |title=History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century |pages=41–88 |url=https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/22816/chapter-abstract/183277906?redirectedFrom=fulltext |doi=10.1525/california/9780520232990.003.0003 |isbn= 9780520932098}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.openedition.org/ceup/2077|title=We, the People : Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe|first=Bojan|last=Aleksov|chapter=Jovan Jovanović Zmaj and the Serbian Identity between Poetry and History |series=CEUP collection |date=12 March 2009|publisher=Central European University Press|pages=273–305|isbn=978-615-5211-66-9 |via=OpenEdition Books}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Slovakia}} |
|{{flag|Slovakia}} |
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|{{flag|Tatarstan}} |
|{{flag|Tatarstan}} |
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| [[Ğabdulla Tuqay]], [[Musa Cälil]], [[Ravil Fayzullin]] |
| [[Ğabdulla Tuqay]], [[Musa Cälil]], [[Ravil Fayzullin]] |
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|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities|url=https://www.ulastempat.com/international/tatar-leaders-and-icons-the-top-10-notable-personalities/|website=Ulastempat International|date=23 January 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Museum of national poet Ravil Fayzullin opens in Tatarstan|url=https://tatar-congress.org/en/news/museum-of-national-poet-ravil-fayzullin-opens-in-tatarstan/|website=[[World Congress of the Tatars]]}}</ref> {{Ill|Fänis Yarullin|tt|Фәнис Яруллин}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The Museum of poet Yarullin Fanis, Russia |url=https://partify.io/the-museum-of-poet-yarullin-fanis|website=[[pArtify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite |
|<ref>{{cite web|title=Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities|url=https://www.ulastempat.com/international/tatar-leaders-and-icons-the-top-10-notable-personalities/|website=Ulastempat International|date=23 January 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Museum of national poet Ravil Fayzullin opens in Tatarstan|url=https://tatar-congress.org/en/news/museum-of-national-poet-ravil-fayzullin-opens-in-tatarstan/|website=[[World Congress of the Tatars]]}}</ref> {{Ill|Fänis Yarullin|tt|Фәнис Яруллин}}<ref>{{cite web|title=The Museum of poet Yarullin Fanis, Russia |url=https://partify.io/the-museum-of-poet-yarullin-fanis|website=[[pArtify]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Icon "Monument to Musa Jalil"|url=https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/333907|website=Prlib}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Canada}} |
|{{flag|Canada}} |
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| [[Margaret Atwood]], [[ |
| [[Margaret Atwood]], [[E. Pauline Johnson]], [[E. J. Pratt]], [[Al Purdy]], [[Milton Acorn]] |
||
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca/dominion/2|title=E.J. Pratt: Canada's National Poet · Dominion of the North: Literary & Print Culture in Canada|website=omeka.vicu.utoronto |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca/dominion/2|title=E.J. Pratt: Canada's National Poet · Dominion of the North: Literary & Print Culture in Canada|website=omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcbookworld.com/writer/purdy-al/|title=Purdy, Al|website=ABC BookWorld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpoetry.library.utoronto.ca/acorn/index.htm|title=Canadian Poetry Online | University of Toronto Libraries | Milton Acorn|website=canpoetry.library.utoronto.ca}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Costa Rica}} |
|{{flag|Costa Rica}} |
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|{{flag|Cuba}} |
|{{flag|Cuba}} |
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|[[José Martí]], [[Lezama Lima]], [[Nicolás Guillén]] |
|[[José Martí]], [[Lezama Lima]], [[Nicolás Guillén]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Lezama-Lima|title=José Lezama Lima | Cuban author|website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/nicolas-guillen|title=Nicolás Guillén|first=Poetry|last=Foundation|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Lezama-Lima|title=José Lezama Lima | Cuban author|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=21 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/nicolas-guillen|title=Nicolás Guillén|first=Poetry|last=Foundation|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Curaçao}} |
|{{flag|Curaçao}} |
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|{{flag|Mexico}} |
|{{flag|Mexico}} |
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|[[ |
|[[Octavio Paz]], [[Ramón López Velarde]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mexicocity.cdmx.gob.mx/venues/poeta-ramon-lopez-velarde-house-museum/|title=Casa del Poeta Ramon López Velarde: A Poet's House in Roma Norte|first=Agencia Digital de Innovación|last=Pública}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mexicocity.cdmx.gob.mx/venues/poeta-ramon-lopez-velarde-house-museum/|title=Casa del Poeta Ramon López Velarde: A Poet's House in Roma Norte|first=Agencia Digital de Innovación|last=Pública}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Quebec}} |
|{{flag|Quebec}} |
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| [[Gaston Miron]], [[Octave Crémazie]] |
| [[Émile Nelligan]], [[Gaston Miron]], [[Gilles Vigneault]], [[Octave Crémazie]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=1978-04-02 |title=Gaston Miron, Poetic Voice of Quebec Nationalism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/02/archives/gaston-miron-poetic-voice-of-quebec-nationalism-key-word-is-quebec.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artpublicmontreal.ca/en/oeuvre/monument-a-louis-octave-cremazie/|title=Monument à Louis-Octave Crémazie|website=Art Public Montréal}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographie / Hommage à Émile Nelligan, poète national des Québécois |url=https://manuscritdepot.com/a.emile-nelligan.01.htm |access-date=26 june 2024 |website=Fondation littéraire Fleur de Lys}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=1978-04-02 |title=Gaston Miron, Poetic Voice of Quebec Nationalism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/02/archives/gaston-miron-poetic-voice-of-quebec-nationalism-key-word-is-quebec.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabourin |first=Éric |date=18 october 2018 |title=Gilles Vigneault en récital : le poète qui dansait chante encore et conseille son public de vivre d'une confiante sérénité |url=https://lesartsze.com/gilles-vigneault-en-recital-le-poete-qui-dansait-chante-encore-et-conseille-son-public-de-vivre-dune-confiante-serenite/ |access-date=26 june 2024 |work=Les ArtsZé |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crémazie, Octave National Historic Person |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1352 |website=www.pc.gc.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artpublicmontreal.ca/en/oeuvre/monument-a-louis-octave-cremazie/|title=Monument à Louis-Octave Crémazie|website=Art Public Montréal}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Saint Lucia}} |
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}} |
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|{{flag|United States}} |
|{{flag|United States}} |
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|[[Walt Whitman]], [[Emily Dickinson]], [[Robert Frost]], [[William Carlos Williams]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], [[Carl Sandburg]],[[Maya Angelou]], [[Gwendolyn Brooks]], [[Langston Hughes]], [[Jack Kerouac]], [[ |
|[[Walt Whitman]], [[Emily Dickinson]], [[Robert Frost]], [[William Carlos Williams]], [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]], [[Carl Sandburg]], [[Maya Angelou]], [[Gwendolyn Brooks]], [[Langston Hughes]], [[Jack Kerouac]], [[James Wright (poet)|James Wright]], [[Allen Ginsberg]] |
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|<ref name="ijas.iaas.ie">Nathanael O'Reilly, "[http://ijas.iaas.ie/index.php/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass{{'-}}]", ''Irish Journal of American Studies''.</ref><ref name="O'Reilly">{{cite journal |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Nathanael |title=Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass |journal=Irish Journal of American Studies |date=2009 |volume=1 |pages=1–9 |url=http://ijas.iaas.ie/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/did-recluse-emily-dickinson-become-americas-national-poet/|title=How did recluse Emily Dickinson become America's national poet?|first=Charlotte|last=Runcie|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 March 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/celebrating-robert-frost-american-poet|title=Celebrating Robert Frost: An American Poet|website=smithsonianassociates.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blackvoicenews.com/2016/03/08/celebrating-maya-angelou-in-the-face-of-conservative-criticism/|title=Celebrating Maya Angelou in the Face of Conservative Criticism|first=S. E.|last=Williams|date=8 March 2016|website=Black Voice News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gwendolyn-brooks|title=Gwendolyn Brooks|first=Poetry|last=Foundation|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets|title=Our National Poets|first=Academy of American|last=Poets|website=Poets.org}}</ref><ref>Cusic, D. (1991:82). The poet as performer. United Kingdom: University Press of America.</ref> |
|<ref name="ijas.iaas.ie">Nathanael O'Reilly, "[http://ijas.iaas.ie/index.php/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass{{'-}}]", ''Irish Journal of American Studies''.</ref><ref name="O'Reilly">{{cite journal |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Nathanael |title=Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass |journal=Irish Journal of American Studies |date=2009 |volume=1 |pages=1–9 |url=http://ijas.iaas.ie/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/did-recluse-emily-dickinson-become-americas-national-poet/|title=How did recluse Emily Dickinson become America's national poet?|first=Charlotte|last=Runcie|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 March 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/celebrating-robert-frost-american-poet|title=Celebrating Robert Frost: An American Poet|website=smithsonianassociates.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blackvoicenews.com/2016/03/08/celebrating-maya-angelou-in-the-face-of-conservative-criticism/|title=Celebrating Maya Angelou in the Face of Conservative Criticism|first=S. E.|last=Williams|date=8 March 2016|website=Black Voice News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gwendolyn-brooks|title=Gwendolyn Brooks|first=Poetry|last=Foundation|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets|title=Our National Poets|first=Academy of American|last=Poets|website=Poets.org}}</ref><ref>Cusic, D. (1991:82). The poet as performer. United Kingdom: University Press of America.</ref> |
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|{{flag|Australia}} |
|{{flag|Australia}} |
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|[[Dorothea Mackellar]], [[Mary Gilmore]], [[Judith Wright]], [[Henry Lawson]], [[Adam Lindsay Gordon]], [[A. B. Paterson|A. B. "Banjo" Paterson]] |
|[[Dorothea Mackellar]], [[Mary Gilmore]], [[Judith Wright]], [[Henry Lawson]], [[Adam Lindsay Gordon]], [[A. B. Paterson|A. B. "Banjo" Paterson]], [[C.J. Dennis]] |
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|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-the-archives-1922-henry-lawson-australia-s-poet-of-the-bush-dies-20220814-p5b9qo.html|title=From the Archives, 1922: Henry Lawson, Australia's poet of the bush, dies|author=Staff Writers|date=1 September 2022|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adamlindsaygordon.org/gordons-works/|title=Gordon's Poems}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/43609|title="Banjo" Patterson, Australian poet and author of "Waltzing Mathilda" is born in the New South Wales outback | House Divided|website=hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu}}</ref> |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-the-archives-1922-henry-lawson-australia-s-poet-of-the-bush-dies-20220814-p5b9qo.html|title=From the Archives, 1922: Henry Lawson, Australia's poet of the bush, dies|author=Staff Writers|date=1 September 2022|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adamlindsaygordon.org/gordons-works/|title=Gordon's Poems}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/43609|title="Banjo" Patterson, Australian poet and author of "Waltzing Mathilda" is born in the New South Wales outback | House Divided|website=hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Guyana}} |
|{{flag|Guyana}} |
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|[[Martin Carter]] |
|[[Martin Carter]] |
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|<ref>https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH |
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH/H00680X/1|title=GtR|website=gtr.ukri.org}}</ref> |
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|{{flag|Peru}} |
|{{flag|Peru}} |
Anational poetornational bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture.[1] The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism, as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states, as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups.[1]
Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets". Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.[2] Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",[3] with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".[4]
The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of sovereign statesorcountries, though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "nation" (as cultural concept), "country" (as geographical concept) and "state" (as political concept) are not synonyms.
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Characteristically, although Njegoš saw himself as a definitely Serbian poet, his epic came to be later canonized as the most important work of 'Yugoslav' literature [...]
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