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{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2020}} |
{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2020}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2020}} |
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[[File:USAID Measuring Impact Conservation Enterprise Retrospective (Philippines; Nagkakaisang Tribu ng Palawan) (40248082642).jpg|thumb|Palawan Indigenous peoples in a community meeting in 2017]] |
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{{Demographics of the Philippines}} |
{{Demographics of the Philippines}} |
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[[Palawan]], the largest province in the [[Philippines]], is home to several [[Indigenous peoples| |
[[Palawan]], the largest province in the [[Philippines]], is home to several [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] ethnolinguistic groups namely, the [[Kagayanen]], [[Tribes of Palawan#Tagbanwa|Tagbanwa]], [[Tribes of Palawan#Palawano|Palawano]], [[Tribes of Palawan#Taaw't-Bato|Taaw't Bato]], Molbog, and [[Batak (Philippines)|Batak]] tribes.<ref name="ptc_tribes" /> They live in remote villages in the mountains and coastal areas.<ref name="ptc_tribes" /><ref name="camperspoint_tribes">{{Cite web |title=Calamian Group and its Tribes |url=http://www.camperspoint.com/article.php3?id_article=173 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707135612/http://www.camperspoint.com/article.php3?id_article=173 |archive-date=July 7, 2009 |access-date=August 28, 2008 |website=Camperspoint}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=December 2020}} |
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In 1962, a team of anthropologists from the [[National Museum of the Philippines|National Museum]] led by Dr. Robert Fox unearthed fossils at Lipuun Point (now known as the [[Tabon Cave|Tabon Cave Complex]]) in [[Quezon, Palawan|Quezon]] town that were classified as those of ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' and believed to be 22,000 to 24,000 years old. The recovery of the [[Tabon Man]] and other significant findings in the area earned for Palawan the title, "the Cradle of Philippine Civilization." Research has shown that the [[Tribes of Palawan#Tagbanwa|Tagbanwa]] and [[Tribes of Palawan#Ethnic groups#Palawano|Palawano]] are possible descendants of the Tabon Caves' inhabitants. Their language and alphabet, farming methods, and common belief in soul relatives are some of their cultural similarities.<ref name="ptc_tribes" /> |
In 1962, a team of anthropologists from the [[National Museum of the Philippines|National Museum]] led by Dr. Robert Fox unearthed fossils at '''Lipuun Point''' (now known as the [[Tabon Cave|Tabon Cave Complex]]) in [[Quezon, Palawan|Quezon]] town that were classified as those of ''[[Homo sapiens]]'' and believed to be 22,000 to 24,000 years old. The recovery of the [[Tabon Man]] and other significant findings in the area earned for Palawan the title, "the Cradle of Philippine Civilization." Research has shown that the [[Tribes of Palawan#Tagbanwa|Tagbanwa]] and [[Tribes of Palawan#Ethnic groups#Palawano|Palawano]] are possible descendants of the Tabon Caves' inhabitants. Their language and alphabet, farming methods, and common belief in soul relatives are some of their cultural similarities.<ref name="ptc_tribes" /> |
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After the death of [[Ferdinand Magellan]], the remnant of his fleet landed in Palawan. Magellan's chronicler, [[Antonio Pigafetta]], in his writings, described the cultivated fields of the native people populating the Palawan Islands. He also mentioned that these people use weapons consisting of blowpipes, spears |
After the death of [[Ferdinand Magellan]], the remnant of his fleet landed in Palawan. Magellan's chronicler, [[Antonio Pigafetta]], in his writings, described the cultivated fields of the native people populating the Palawan Islands. He also mentioned that these people use weapons consisting of blowpipes, spears and bronze ombard. During his stay in the area, he witnessed for the first time [[cockfighting]] and fistfighting. He also discovered that the natives had their own system of writing consisting of 13 consonants and 3 vowels, and they had a dialect of 18 syllables. He further wrote that in Palawan, the local King had 10 [[scribes]] who wrote down the King's dictation on leaves of plants.<ref name="moscom">{{Cite web |title=Puerto Princesa website |url=http://www.pto-princesa.com/palawan/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030422112325/http://www.pto-princesa.com/palawan/history.htm |archive-date=April 22, 2003 |access-date=August 28, 2008}}</ref> |
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==Ethnic groups== |
==Ethnic groups== |
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===Batak=== |
===Batak=== |
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{{Further|Batak (Philippines)}} |
{{Further|Batak (Philippines)}} |
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The '''Batak''', which means "[[mountain people]]" in [[Cuyonon]] |
The '''Batak''', which means "[[mountain people]]" in [[Cuyonon]] is a group of indigenous people that resides in the northeast portion of Palawan. They live in the rugged interiors of northeastern Palawan. Living close to nature, they are a peaceful and shy people. These people believe in nature spirits, with whom they communicate through a [[babaylan]] or medium.<ref name="ptc_tribes" /> |
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===Palaweños=== |
===Palaweños=== |
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{{See also|Agutaynen language|Cuyonon language}} |
{{See also|Agutaynen language|Cuyonon language}} |
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Native-born lowland dwellers (calling themselves '''Palaweños,''' much to the amusement and distress of the original tribal groups, such as the Palawan |
Native-born lowland dwellers (calling themselves '''Palaweños,''' much to the amusement and distress of the original tribal groups, such as the Palawan who are called Palawano by outsiders) include the ''Cuyunon'', ''Agutayanon'' sub-groups. The ''[[Cuyunon]]s'', originally from the island town of [[Cuyo, Palawan|Cuyo]] in northern Palawan, are considered the elite class in this group. They are religious, disciplined and have a highly developed community spirit. Their conversion to Christianity has led to the mergerof the animistic beliefs of the Cuyunon with the Christian elements to produce a ''folk Christianity'' which is the prevailing belief of the Cuyunon.<ref name="thinkquest" /> The ''Agutayanons'' practice a simpler island lifestyle, with fishing and farming as their main source of livelihood. |
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===Palawano=== |
===Palawano=== |
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The '''Taawʼt Bato''' means "people of the rock". They are a small community of traditional southwestern Palawanos who reside in the crater of an extinct volcano during certain seasons of the year, in houses built on raised floors inside caves though others have set their homes on the open slopes. They are found in the Singnapan Basin,<ref name="ptc_tribes" /> a valley bounded by Mount Matalingahan on the east and the coast on the west. North of them is the municipality of [[Quezon, Palawan|Quezon]], and to the South are the still unexplored regions of Palawan. |
The '''Taawʼt Bato''' means "people of the rock". They are a small community of traditional southwestern Palawanos who reside in the crater of an extinct volcano during certain seasons of the year, in houses built on raised floors inside caves though others have set their homes on the open slopes. They are found in the Singnapan Basin,<ref name="ptc_tribes" /> a valley bounded by Mount Matalingahan on the east and the coast on the west. North of them is the municipality of [[Quezon, Palawan|Quezon]], and to the South are the still unexplored regions of Palawan. |
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They are still primitive in their lifestyle, even in the way of dressing. The men still wear |
They are still primitive in their lifestyle, even in the way of dressing. The men still wear g-strings made of bark and cloth, and the women wear a piece of cloth made into skirts to cover the lower body. Both of them are half naked, but sometimes women wear a blouse that is not indigenous but obtained through the market system.<ref name="thinkquest">{{Cite web |title=Palawan Islands – Tagbanua |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/C003235/palawan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207125309/http://library.thinkquest.org/C003235/palawan.html |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=August 28, 2008 |website=Indigenous People: Keepers of the Past}}</ref> |
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Taawʼt Bato artistry is cruder compared to other Palawan groups, except in exceptional cases involving basketry. Around cave-dwellings, for example, they construct a light and sturdy lattice-work made of saplings lashed together and anchored fast to crevices in the walls to provide access to the caves. The construction does not depend on any major framework to hold the unit against the walls. The anchorage is distributed all along the framework such that the breakdown of one section can be compensated for by the rest of the construction. With conditions varying in different caves, there are modifications and elaboration on the basic ''datag'' or sleeping platforms, and ''lagkaw'' or granary.<ref name="thinkquest" /> |
Taawʼt Bato artistry is cruder compared to other Palawan groups, except in exceptional cases involving basketry. Around cave-dwellings, for example, they construct a light and sturdy lattice-work made of saplings lashed together and anchored fast to crevices in the walls to provide access to the caves. The construction does not depend on any major framework to hold the unit against the walls. The anchorage is distributed all along the framework such that the breakdown of one section can be compensated for by the rest of the construction. With conditions varying in different caves, there are modifications and elaboration on the basic ''datag'' or sleeping platforms, and ''lagkaw'' or granary.<ref name="thinkquest" /> |
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===Tagbanwa=== |
===Tagbanwa=== |
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{{main|Tagbanwa people}} |
{{main|Tagbanwa people}} |
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⚫ | The '''Tagbanwa''' tribes, or "people of the world", are found in central and northern Palawan. They practice [[shifting cultivation]] of upland rice, which is considered a divine gift, and are known for their rice wine ritual called ''pagdiwata''. ''Central Tagbanwas'' are found in the western and eastern coastal areas of central Palawan. They are concentrated in the municipalities of [[Aborlan, Palawan|Aborlan]], [[Quezon, Palawan|Quezon]], and [[Puerto Princesa City|Puerto Princesa]]. ''Calamian Tagbanwa'', on the other hand, are found in Baras coast, [[Busuanga Island]], [[Coron Island]], Linipacan [[Calibangbangan]], a Cultural Preservation area (off limits to foreigners and the largest Contiguous grouping), and in some parts of [[El Nido, Palawan|El Nido]].<ref name="ptc_tribes">{{Cite web |title=Palawan Culture |url=http://palawan.ws/index.php/About-Palawan/Palawan-Culture.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731121058/http://palawan.ws/index.php/About-Palawan/Palawan-Culture.html |archive-date=July 31, 2008 |access-date=August 28, 2008 |website=Palawan Tourism Council}}</ref> |
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[[File:Tagbanua weaver.jpg|thumb|A Tagbanua weaver]] |
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⚫ |
The '''Tagbanwa''' |
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Shifting cultivation of upland rice is part of their cultural and economic practices. Rice is considered a divine gift and is fermented to make [[rice wine]], which they use in ''Pagdiwata'', or rice wine ritual. The ''cult of the dead'' is the key to the religious system of the Tagbanwa. They believe in several deities found in the natural environment. |
Shifting cultivation of upland rice is part of their cultural and economic practices. Rice is considered a divine gift and is fermented to make [[rice wine]], which they use in ''Pagdiwata'', or rice wine ritual. The ''cult of the dead'' is the key to the religious system of the Tagbanwa. They believe in several deities found in the natural environment. |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
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