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{{Short description|First eleven chapters of the Book of Genesis}} |
{{Short description|First eleven chapters of the Book of Genesis}} |
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{{Use shortened footnotes|date=July 2021}} |
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=July 2021}} |
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[[File: |
[[File:HildegardeSixDaysCreation.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The six days of creation]] |
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The '''primeval history''' is the name given by [[biblical scholar]]s to the first eleven chapters of the [[Book of Genesis]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]]. These chapters convey the story of the first years of [[Chronology of the Bible|the world's existence]].{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=ix}} |
The '''primeval history''' is the name given by [[biblical scholar]]s to the first eleven chapters of the [[Book of Genesis]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]]. These chapters convey the story of the first years of [[Chronology of the Bible|the world's existence]].{{sfn|Blenkinsopp|2011|p=ix}} |
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Genesis draws on a number of distinct "sources", including the [[Priestly source]], the [[Yahwist]] and the [[Elohist]] – the last two are often referred to collectively as "non-Priestly", but the Elohist is not present in the primeval history and "non-Priestly" and "Yahwist" can be regarded here as interchangeable terms.{{sfn|Carr|2000|p=492}} The following table is based on Robert Kugler and Patrick Hartin, "An Introduction to the Bible", 2009:{{sfn|Kugler|Hartin|2009|p=85}} |
Genesis draws on a number of distinct "sources", including the [[Priestly source]], the [[Yahwist]] and the [[Elohist]] – the last two are often referred to collectively as "non-Priestly", but the Elohist is not present in the primeval history and "non-Priestly" and "Yahwist" can be regarded here as interchangeable terms.{{sfn|Carr|2000|p=492}} The following table is based on Robert Kugler and Patrick Hartin, "An Introduction to the Bible", 2009:{{sfn|Kugler|Hartin|2009|p=85}} |
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{| class="wikitable" style=" |
{| class="wikitable" style="align: center;" |
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|- |
|- |
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! style="width:10%;"|Verses<br /> |
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! Verse !! Priestly !! Yahwist |
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! style="width:45%;"|Priestly<br /> |
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|- |
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! style="width:45%;"|Non-Priestly (Yahwist)<br /> |
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| 1:1–2:4a || Creation story A || {{n/a}} |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"|1:1–2:4a |
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| 2:4b–4:26 || {{n/a}} || {{ubc|Creation story B|Garden of Eden|Cain and Abel}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"|First Creation story |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:centre;"| |
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| 5:1–24 || Descendants of Adam || {{n/a}} |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"|2:4b–4:26 |
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| 6:1–8 || {{n/a}} || {{ubc|Nephilim|Reason for the Flood}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:centre;"|Second Creation story, Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden, Cain and Abel |
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| 6:9–13 || Reason for the Flood || {{n/a}} |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"|5:1–24 |
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| 6:14–8:22 || colspan=2 | {{ubc|Flood|Renewal after Flood}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"|Descendants of Adam |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:centre;"| |
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| 9:1–17 || rowspan=2 {{n/a}} || Noahide covenant |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"|6:1–8 |
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| 9:18–27 || {{ubc|Noah's drunkenness|Sons of Noah|Curse of Canaan}} |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:centre;"|Sons of God (Nephilim), reason for the Flood |
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| 10:1–32 || colspan=2 | Table of Nations |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:center;"|6:9–13 |
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| 11:1–9 || {{n/a}} || Tower of Babel |
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| style="text-align:center;"|Reason for the Flood |
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|- |
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| style="text-align:centre;"| |
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| 11:10–32 || Descendants of Noah || {{n/a}} |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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| style="text-align:center;"|6:14–8:22 |
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| style="text-align:center;"|Flood and post-Flood renewal |
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| style="text-align:centre;"|Flood and post-Flood renewal |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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| style="text-align:center;"|9:1–17 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| style="text-align:centre;"|Covenant with Noah |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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| style="text-align:center;"|9:18–27 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| style="text-align:centre;"|Drunkenness of Noah/Noah and his sons (the curse of Canaan) |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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| style="text-align:center;"|10:1–32 |
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| style="text-align:center;"|Table of Nations |
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| style="text-align:centre;"|Table of Nations |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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| style="text-align:center;"|11:1–9 |
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| style="text-align:center;"| |
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| style="text-align:centre;"|Tower of Babel |
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#ffffec; vertical-align:top;" |
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| style="text-align:center;"|11:10–32 |
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| style="text-align:center;"|Descendants of Noah |
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| style="text-align:centre;"| |
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|} |
|} |
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===Mesopotamian (and Egyptian) myths and the primeval history=== |
===Mesopotamian (and Egyptian) myths and the primeval history=== |
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Numerous Mesopotamian myths (and one Egyptian myth) are reflected in the primeval history.{{sfn|Kvanvig|2011|p=1}} The myth of [[Atrahasis]], for example, was the first to record a Great Flood |
Numerous Mesopotamian myths (and one Egyptian myth) are reflected in the primeval history.{{sfn|Kvanvig|2011|p=1}} The myth of [[Atrahasis]], for example, was the first to record a Great Flood. This story was then developed in the Gilgamesh Epic. These two Mesopotamian traditions may have influenced the story of [[Genesis flood narrative|Noah's flood]].{{sfn|Kvanvig|2011|p=2–3}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Miglio |first1=Adam |title=The Gilgamesh Epic in Genesis 1-11 |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1032020121 |page=Chapter 5 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Gilgamesh-Genesis-Studies-History-Ancient/dp/1032020121/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr=}}</ref> The following table sets out the myths behind the various Biblical tropes.{{sfn|Kugler|Hartin|2009|p=53–54}} |
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{| class="wikitable" style="align: center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="align: center;" |
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===Bibliography=== |
===Bibliography=== |
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|publisher = W. W. Norton & Company |
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|author-link = Joseph Blenkinsopp |
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|title = Creation, Un-creation, Re-creation: A discursive commentary on Genesis 1-11 |
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|
|year = 2011 |
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|publisher = Bloomsbury T&T Clark |
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|
|location = New York |
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|
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B12qwOSMD20C&q=Creation%2C+Un-creation%2C+Re-creation%3A+A+Discursive+Commentary+on+Genesis+1-11|isbn=978-0-567-37287-1 |
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|isbn = 978-0-567-37287-1 |
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}} |
}} |
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| editor1-last = Freedman |
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| editor1-first = David Noel |
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| editor1-link = David Noel Freedman |
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| editor2-last = Myers |
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| editor2-first = Allen C. |
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| title = Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |
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}} |
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* {{cite book |
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|author-link = John Day (biblical scholar) |
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|title = From Creation to Babel: Studies in Genesis 1-11 |
|title = From Creation to Babel: Studies in Genesis 1-11 |
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|year = 2014 |
|year = 2014 |
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|publisher = Bloomsbury |
|publisher = Bloomsbury |
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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rtveBAAAQBAJ&q=From+Creation+to+Babel%3A+Studies+in+Genesis+1-11 |
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rtveBAAAQBAJ&q=From+Creation+to+Babel%3A+Studies+in+Genesis+1-11 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|title |
|title = From Creation to Abraham: Further Studies in Genesis 1-11 |
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|last = Day |
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|first |
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|publisher |
|publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing |
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|year = 2021 |
|year = 2021 |
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|isbn = 9780567703118 |
|isbn = 9780567703118 |
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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gIpFEAAAQBAJ& |
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gIpFEAAAQBAJ&dq=From+Creation+to+Abraham:+Further+Studies+in+Genesis+1-11 |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|author-link = Peter Enns |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book |
* {{cite book |
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|
|last = Gertz |
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|
|first = Jan Christian |
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|
|chapter = The Formation of the Primeval History |
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|
|editor1-last = Evans |
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|
|editor1-first = Craig A. |
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|editor1-link = Craig A. Evans |
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|
|editor2-last = Lohr |
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|
|editor2-first = Joel N. |
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|
|editor3-last = Petersen |
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|
|editor3-first = David L. |
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|title = The Book of Genesis: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation |
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}} |
}} |
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|year = 2006 |
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|publisher |
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|isbn |
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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CKuoAwAAQBAJ&q=composition+table+of+nations+genesis |
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}} |
}} |
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* {{cite book|first1=Robert|last1=Kugler|first2=Patrick|last2=Hartin|title=An Introduction to the Bible|year=2009|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802846365|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8WbXbPjxpoC&dq=%22the+Yahwist+and+Priestly+works+in+Genesis+1-11%22&pg=PA55}} |
* {{cite book|first1=Robert|last1=Kugler|first2=Patrick|last2=Hartin|title=An Introduction to the Bible|year=2009|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=9780802846365|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L8WbXbPjxpoC&dq=%22the+Yahwist+and+Priestly+works+in+Genesis+1-11%22&pg=PA55}} |
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* {{cite book |
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|first = Helge |
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|last = Kvanvig |
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|title = Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic: An Intertextual Reading |
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|year = 2011 |
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|publisher = BRILL |
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|isbn = 978-9004163805 |
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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e1hnJYbShWMC&q=Primeval+History%3A+Babylonian%2C+Biblical%2C+and+Enochic%3A+An+Intertextual+Reading |
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| editor1-last = Berlin |
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| editor1-first = Adele |
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| editor1-link = Adele Berlin |
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| editor2-last = Brettler |
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| editor2-first = Marc Zvi |
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| editor2-link = Marc Zvi Brettler |
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| title = The Jewish study Bible |
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| chapter = Genesis: introduction and annotations |
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| date = 2004 |
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| pages = |
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| publisher = Oxford University Press |
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| isbn = 9780195297515 |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aDuy3p5QvEYC&q=The+Jewish+study+Bible |
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|last1 = Matthews |
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|year = 1996 |
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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Rpii9GOKOX4C&dq=%22first+of+Noah%27s+three+sons%22%22first+of+Terah%27s+three+sons%22&pg=PA38 |
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|isbn = 9780805401011 |
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|publisher = Gorgias Press |
|publisher = Gorgias Press |
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|year = 2007 |
|year = 2007 |
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|isbn |
|isbn = 9781593336127 |
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|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vo55jHJv2xYC&dq=%22the+flood%22%22suspends+time+and+calendar%22&pg=PA6 |
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vo55jHJv2xYC&dq=%22the+flood%22%22suspends+time+and+calendar%22&pg=PA6 |
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|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141217000705/https://books.google.com.au/books?id=vo55jHJv2xYC&pg=PA6&dq=%22the+flood%22%22suspends+time+and+calendar%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=C06KVLyvLIWE8QWu_YHIDw&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22the%20flood%22%22suspends%20time%20and%20calendar%22&f=false |
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|archivedate = 2014-12-17 |
|archivedate = 2014-12-17 |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last1 = Ruiten |
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|first1 = Jacques T. A. G. M. |
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|title = Primaeval History Interpreted: The Rewriting of Genesis 1-11 in the Book of Jubilees |
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|year = 2000 |
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|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1xxo82l7TeQC&dq=%22derived+from+the+ages+of+the+patriarchs+when+their+first+child+is+born%22&pg=PA124 |
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|title = The Meaning of the Pentateuch: Revelation, Composition and Interpretation |
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|year = 2010 |
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|publisher = InterVarsity Press |
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|chapter = Narrative Reiteration and Comparative Literature |
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|editor1-last = Thompson |
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|editor1-first = Thomas L. |
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|editor1-link = Thomas L. Thompson |
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|editor2-last = Wajdenbaum |
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|title = The Bible and Hellenism: Greek Influence on Jewish and Early Christian Literature |
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|year = 2014 |
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|isbn = 9781317544258 |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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[[Category:5th-century BC literature]] |
[[Category:5th-century BC literature]] |
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[[Category:3rd-century |
[[Category:3rd-century BCE texts]] |
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[[Category:Book of Genesis]] |
[[Category:Book of Genesis]] |
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[[Category:Primeval history| ]] |
[[Category:Primeval history| ]] |
Copy and paste: – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Cite your sources: <ref></ref>
{{}} {{{}}} | [] [[]] [[Category:]] #REDIRECT [[]] <s></s> <sup></sup> <sub></sub> <code></code> <pre></pre> <blockquote></blockquote> <ref></ref> <ref name="" /> {{Reflist}} <references /> <includeonly></includeonly> <noinclude></noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:}} <nowiki></nowiki> <!-- --> <span class="plainlinks"></span>
Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ∞ ‹› «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ 𝄫 ♭ ♮ ♯ 𝄪 © ® ™
Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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