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{{Short description|Hong Kong businessman}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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|name = Runje Shaw |
| name = Runje Shaw |
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|image = Shao Zuiweng.jpg |
| image = Shao Zuiweng.jpg |
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|caption = Shaw's portrait on a 1934 issue of ''Liangyou'' magazine |
| caption = Shaw's portrait on a 1934 issue of ''Liangyou'' magazine |
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|birth_name = Shao Renjie |
| birth_name = Shao Renjie |
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|othername = Shao Zuiweng |
| othername = Shao Zuiweng |
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|birth_date = 1896 |
| birth_date = {{birth year|1896}} |
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|birth_place = [[Ningbo]], |
| birth_place = [[Ningbo]], Zhejiang, China |
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|death_date = |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1975|1896}} |
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|death_place |
| death_place = Shanghai, China |
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|residence = Shanghai |
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| spouse = {{marriage|[[Chen Yumei]]|1934|1975}} |
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| children = 6 |
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⚫ | | relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Runde Shaw]]|[[Runme Shaw]]|[[Run Run Shaw]]}} |
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|children = 6 |
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|parents = Shaw Yuh Hsuen<br />Wang Shun Xiang |
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⚫ | |relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Runde Shaw]]|[[Runme Shaw]]|[[Run Run Shaw]]}} |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Chinese |
{{Chinese |
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|title=Shao Zuiweng |
| title = Shao Zuiweng |
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|c= |
| c = 邵醉翁 |
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|p=Shào Zuìwēng |
| p = Shào Zuìwēng |
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|altname=Shao Renjie |
| altname = Shao Renjie |
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|t2= |
| t2 = 邵仁傑 |
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|s2= |
| s2 = 邵仁杰 |
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|p2=Shào Rénjié |
| p2 = Shào Rénjié |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Runje Shaw''' (1896–1975), also known as '''Shao Zuiweng''' (C.W. Shaw) and '''Shao Renjie''', was a Chinese film entrepreneur, producer |
'''Runje Shaw''' (1896–1975), also known as '''Shao Zuiweng''' (C.W. Shaw) and '''Shao Renjie''', was a Chinese film entrepreneur, producer and director. The eldest of the Shaw brothers, in 1925 he founded [[Tianyi Film Company]] (also called Unique Film Productions) in Shanghai, which became one of the top three film production companies in pre-WWII Republic of China, and the beginning of the Shaw Brothers media empire. |
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Under Runje's leadership, his younger brothers [[Runde Shaw|Runde]], [[Runme Shaw|Runme]], and [[Run Run Shaw|Run Run]] established branches of Tianyi in |
Under Runje's leadership, his younger brothers [[Runde Shaw|Runde]], [[Runme Shaw|Runme]], and [[Run Run Shaw|Run Run]] established branches of Tianyi in Hong Kong and Singapore. Runje retired from filmmaking after Tianyi's Shanghai base was destroyed in 1937 during the [[Battle of Shanghai|Japanese invasion]], but his younger brothers, particularly Sir Run Run, rebuilt Tianyi's offshoots in Hong Kong and Singapore, of which [[Shaw Brothers Studio]] came to dominate filmmaking in Hong Kong.<ref name="ye">{{cite book |author1=Ye, Tan |author2=Zhu, Yun |title=Historical Dictionary of Chinese Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wh0QMOLRCeIC&pg=PA133 |year=2012 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810879133 |page=133}}</ref><ref name="xiao">{{cite book |author1=Xiao, Zhiwei |author2=Zhang, Yingjin |title=Encyclopedia of Chinese Film |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MIkc8os0WPwC&pg=PA302 |year=2002 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9780203195550 |page=302}}</ref> |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Shaw was born in 1896 in [[Zhenhai]], [[Ningbo]], |
Shaw was born in 1896 in [[Zhenhai]], [[Ningbo city]], Zhejiang. His birth name was '''Shao Tongzhang''' (邵同章) and Renjie (仁傑) was his [[courtesy name]]. After founding Tianyi, he went by the ''[[art name|hao]]'' Zuiweng (醉翁, literally "Drunken Man").<ref name="zhenhai">{{cite web |url=http://www.zh.gov.cn:82/gate/big5/www.zh.gov.cn/zwgk/ztzl/tszh/sbzh/sbgl/jcrw/200710/t20071013_13805.htm |title=中國電影業的先驅者邵醉翁 |trans-title=Shao Zuiweng: Pioneer of Chinese film industry |publisher=Government of Zhenhai District |date=26 May 2005 |accessdate=15 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116190425/http://www.zh.gov.cn:82/gate/big5/www.zh.gov.cn/zwgk/ztzl/tszh/sbzh/sbgl/jcrw/200710/t20071013_13805.htm |archivedate=16 January 2014 }}</ref> He was the oldest of six sons of Shao Yuxuan (or Shaw Yuh Hsuen, {{zh|t=邵玉軒|link=no}}; 1866–1921), owner of the Shanghai textile firm Jin Tai Chang (錦泰昌).<ref name="zhenhai" /> |
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In 1914 Shaw graduated from Shanghai's |
In 1914 Shaw graduated from Shanghai's Shenzhou University with a law degree and worked as a lawyer for the local court of Shanghai. He later went into business, trading textile dyes, silk, paper, etc. He also cofounded the Sino-French Zhenye Bank (中法振業銀行) with several partners and started Huayou Egg Factory, before getting into the theatre business.<ref name="zhenhai" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shaw.sg/sw_abouthistory.aspx?id=59%2035%20193%2039%2078%20227%20238%20144%20186%20229%20185%2078%20181%20196%2042%2031 |title=About Shaw: The Beginning 1924-1933 |publisher=[[Shaw Organisation]] |accessdate=15 January 2014}}</ref> |
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==Film career== |
==Film career== |
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[[File:Tianyi Film Company.jpg|thumb|The gate of Tianyi Film Company in [[Hongkew]], Shanghai]] |
[[File:Tianyi Film Company.jpg|thumb|The gate of Tianyi Film Company in [[Hongkew]], Shanghai]] |
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{{main|Tianyi Film Company}} |
{{main|Tianyi Film Company}} |
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In early 1922, Shaw managed the theatre Xiao Wutai (Happy Stage or Laughter Stage) in Shanghai. Among his colleagues were [[Zhang Shichuan]], [[Zheng Zhengqiu]] |
In early 1922, Shaw managed the theatre Xiao Wutai (Happy Stage or Laughter Stage) in Shanghai. Among his colleagues were [[Zhang Shichuan]], [[Zheng Zhengqiu]] and Zhou Jianyun, who co-founded [[Mingxing Film Company]].<ref name="xiao"/><ref name="zhang2004">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_OfkubWaEwC&pg=PA37 |title=Chinese National Cinema |author=Zhang, Yingjin | page=37 |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=9780415172905}}</ref> In 1923 Mingxing released the film ''Orphan Rescues Grandfather'' to great commercial success. Inspired by his former colleagues, Shaw established Tianyi Film Company (also known as Unique) in 1925. He served as general manager and director, while his younger brothers [[Runde Shaw]] (Shao Cunren) and [[Runme Shaw]] (Shao Renmei) managed accounting and distribution.<ref name="ye"/><ref name="xiao"/> The youngest brother, [[Run Run Shaw]] (Shao Yifu), did odd jobs for the company.<ref name="zhou">{{cite news |url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-01/08/content_17224049.htm |title= Movie mogul Run Run Shaw, 107, dies in HK |author=Raymond Zhou |newspaper=China Daily |date=8 January 2014 |accessdate=10 January 2014}}</ref> |
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Tianyi's first film, ''A Change of Heart'', directed by Runje Shaw himself and released in 1925, was highly profitable. A shrewd businessman who understood the audiences' preferences, Shaw was one of the first Chinese filmmakers to make extensive use of traditional literature, legends, and myths.<ref name="xiao"/> Tianyi made highly successful genre films, including [[costume drama]], swordplay, and [[Gods and demons fiction|gods and ghosts]], inspiring numerous imitations from other studios.<ref name="xiao"/> The studio's 1925 film ''Swordswoman Li Feifei'' is considered the earliest Chinese [[martial arts film]].<ref name="ye"/> |
Tianyi's first film, ''A Change of Heart'', directed by Runje Shaw himself and released in 1925, was highly profitable. A shrewd businessman who understood the audiences' preferences, Shaw was one of the first Chinese filmmakers to make extensive use of traditional literature, legends, and myths.<ref name="xiao"/> Tianyi made highly successful genre films, including [[costume drama]], swordplay, and [[Gods and demons fiction|gods and ghosts]], inspiring numerous imitations from other studios.<ref name="xiao"/> The studio's 1925 film ''Swordswoman Li Feifei'' is considered the earliest Chinese [[martial arts film]].<ref name="ye"/> |
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In 1926, Tianyi released two highly successful costume dramas: ''The Lovers'' (''Liang Zhu Tongshi'', based on the legend of [[Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai]]), and ''White Snake'' (based on the [[Legend of the White Snake|eponymous legend]]), both directed by Shaw. In addition to success in the domestic market, ''White Snake'' also became the most successful Chinese film in |
In 1926, Tianyi released two highly successful costume dramas: ''The Lovers'' (''Liang Zhu Tongshi'', based on the legend of [[Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai]]), and ''White Snake'' (based on the [[Legend of the White Snake|eponymous legend]]), both directed by Shaw. In addition to success in the domestic market, ''White Snake'' also became the most successful Chinese film in Southeast Asia.<ref name="zhang2004"/> |
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Under Shaw's leadership, Tianyi was one of the first filmmakers to take the leap from [[silent film]]s to sound. In 1931, Shaw produced ''A Singer's Story'', one of the earliest Chinese sound films, directed by Li Pingqian.<ref name="xiao"/> Unlike other major studios, which produced politically charged, socially conscious leftist films, Tianyi mainly focussed on making apolitical "entertainment" films.<ref name="xiao"/> By the 1930s, Tianyi had become one of the top Chinese film studios, along with Mingxing and [[Lianhua Film Company|Lianhua]].<ref name="zhang2012">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDRxR-wb-fsC&pg=PT308 |title=A Companion to Chinese Cinema |author=Zhang, Yingjin |page=308 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2012 |isbn=9781444355970 }}</ref> |
Under Shaw's leadership, Tianyi was one of the first filmmakers to take the leap from [[silent film]]s to sound. In 1931, Shaw produced ''A Singer's Story'', one of the earliest Chinese sound films, directed by [[Li Pingqian]].<ref name="xiao"/> Unlike other major studios, which produced politically charged, socially conscious leftist films, Tianyi mainly focussed on making apolitical "entertainment" films.<ref name="xiao"/> By the 1930s, Tianyi had become one of the top Chinese film studios, along with Mingxing and [[Lianhua Film Company|Lianhua]].<ref name="zhang2012">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDRxR-wb-fsC&pg=PT308 |title=A Companion to Chinese Cinema |author=Zhang, Yingjin |page=308 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2012 |isbn=9781444355970 }}</ref> |
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Besides Shanghai, Shaw also established business operations in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.<ref name="xiao"/> Just before the [[Battle of Shanghai|Japanese invasion of Shanghai]] in August 1937, Tianyi shipped its equipment to Hong Kong,<ref name="zhang2004"/>{{rp|76}} and amalgamated the main operation with its Hong Kong branch, Nanyang Studio.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8cWK5kYS9MC&pg=PA30 |title=Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self |author=Chu, Yingchi |page=30 |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=9780415546331}}</ref> Its studio in Shanghai was destroyed when the Japanese occupied the city, and Shaw closed Tianyi.<ref name="zhang2012"/> |
Besides Shanghai, Shaw also established business operations in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.<ref name="xiao"/> Just before the [[Battle of Shanghai|Japanese invasion of Shanghai]] in August 1937, Tianyi shipped its equipment to Hong Kong,<ref name="zhang2004"/>{{rp|76}} and amalgamated the main operation with its Hong Kong branch, Nanyang Studio.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8cWK5kYS9MC&pg=PA30 |title=Hong Kong Cinema: Coloniser, Motherland and Self |author=Chu, Yingchi |page=30 |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=9780415546331}}</ref> Its studio in Shanghai was destroyed when the Japanese occupied the city, and Shaw closed Tianyi.<ref name="zhang2012"/> |
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After World War II and the Communist victory in mainland China, Runje Shaw retired from the film industry and stayed in Shanghai.<ref name="ye"/> His younger brothers, meanwhile, rebuilt their businesses in Singapore and Hong Kong. Under Run Run Shaw's leadership, [[Shaw Brothers Studio]] became Hong Kong's largest and most influential film production company.<ref name="xiao"/> After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Runje Shaw served as a member of the Shanghai [[ |
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==Personal life== |
==Personal life== |
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[[File:Chen Yumei.jpeg|thumb|upright|Shaw's wife [[Chen Yumei]]]] |
[[File:Chen Yumei.jpeg|thumb|upright|Shaw's wife [[Chen Yumei]]]] |
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Runje Shaw was married to actress [[Chen Yumei]], who became Tianyi's number one star after [[Hu Die]] defected to rival Mingxing Studio in 1928.<ref name="zhangwei">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJr5QKqWpcEC&pg=PA111 |title=昨夜星光燦爛: 民國影壇的28位巨星 |trans-title=28 Movie Stars of the Republic of China Era, Volume 1 |author=Zhang, Wei |publisher=Xiuwei Publishing House |year=2008 |language=Chinese |isbn=9789862210789}}</ref> In 1934, Chen Yumei was voted the "Movie Queen" by the Shanghai newspaper "Movie Life", likely with the help of Shaw, who reportedly bought many of the votes.<ref name="zhangwei"/>{{rp|119}} However, in the same year Chen married Shaw and retired from acting.<ref name="zhangwei"/>{{rp|120}} |
Runje Shaw was married to actress [[Chen Yumei]], who became Tianyi's number one star after [[Hu Die]] defected to rival Mingxing Studio in 1928.<ref name="zhangwei">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJr5QKqWpcEC&pg=PA111 |title=昨夜星光燦爛: 民國影壇的28位巨星 |trans-title=28 Movie Stars of the Republic of China Era, Volume 1 |author=Zhang, Wei |publisher=Xiuwei Publishing House |year=2008 |language=Chinese |isbn=9789862210789}}</ref> In 1934, Chen Yumei was voted the "Movie Queen" by the Shanghai newspaper "Movie Life", likely with the help of Shaw, who reportedly bought many of the votes.<ref name="zhangwei"/>{{rp|119}} However, in the same year Chen married Shaw and retired from acting.<ref name="zhangwei"/>{{rp|120}} |
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⚫ | After World War II and the Communist victory in mainland China, Runje Shaw retired from the film industry and stayed in Shanghai.<ref name="ye"/> His younger brothers, meanwhile, rebuilt their businesses in Singapore and Hong Kong. Under Run Run Shaw's leadership, [[Shaw Brothers Studio]] became Hong Kong's largest and most influential film production company.<ref name="xiao"/> After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Runje Shaw served as a member of the Shanghai [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]. He died in Shanghai in 1975, aged 80.<ref name="zhenhai" /> |
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==Selected filmography== |
==Selected filmography== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaw, Runje}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaw, Runje}} |
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[[Category:Businesspeople from Ningbo]] |
[[Category:Businesspeople from Ningbo]] |
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[[Category:Shaw Brothers Studio]] |
[[Category:Shaw Brothers Studio]] |
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[[Category:Asian film producers]] |
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[[Category:Film directors from Zhejiang]] |
[[Category:Film directors from Zhejiang]] |
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[[Category:Film directors from Shanghai]] |
[[Category:Film directors from Shanghai]] |
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[[Category:Businesspeople from Shanghai]] |
[[Category:Businesspeople from Shanghai]] |
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[[Category:Chinese film directors]] |
[[Category:Chinese silent film directors]] |
Runje Shaw
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Born | Shao Renjie 1896 (1896)
Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Died | 1975(1975-00-00) (aged 78–79)
Shanghai, China
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Other names | Shao Zuiweng |
Alma mater | Shenzhou University |
Occupation(s) | Entrepreneur, filmmaker |
Known for | Founding Tianyi Film Company |
Spouse |
(m. 1934–1975) |
Children | 6 |
Relatives |
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Shao Zuiweng | |||||||
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Chinese | 邵醉翁 | ||||||
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Shao Renjie | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 邵仁傑 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 邵仁杰 | ||||||
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Runje Shaw (1896–1975), also known as Shao Zuiweng (C.W. Shaw) and Shao Renjie, was a Chinese film entrepreneur, producer and director. The eldest of the Shaw brothers, in 1925 he founded Tianyi Film Company (also called Unique Film Productions) in Shanghai, which became one of the top three film production companies in pre-WWII Republic of China, and the beginning of the Shaw Brothers media empire.
Under Runje's leadership, his younger brothers Runde, Runme, and Run Run established branches of Tianyi in Hong Kong and Singapore. Runje retired from filmmaking after Tianyi's Shanghai base was destroyed in 1937 during the Japanese invasion, but his younger brothers, particularly Sir Run Run, rebuilt Tianyi's offshoots in Hong Kong and Singapore, of which Shaw Brothers Studio came to dominate filmmaking in Hong Kong.[1][2]
Shaw was born in 1896 in Zhenhai, Ningbo city, Zhejiang. His birth name was Shao Tongzhang (邵同章) and Renjie (仁傑) was his courtesy name. After founding Tianyi, he went by the hao Zuiweng (醉翁, literally "Drunken Man").[3] He was the oldest of six sons of Shao Yuxuan (or Shaw Yuh Hsuen, Chinese: 邵玉軒; 1866–1921), owner of the Shanghai textile firm Jin Tai Chang (錦泰昌).[3]
In 1914 Shaw graduated from Shanghai's Shenzhou University with a law degree and worked as a lawyer for the local court of Shanghai. He later went into business, trading textile dyes, silk, paper, etc. He also cofounded the Sino-French Zhenye Bank (中法振業銀行) with several partners and started Huayou Egg Factory, before getting into the theatre business.[3][4]
In early 1922, Shaw managed the theatre Xiao Wutai (Happy Stage or Laughter Stage) in Shanghai. Among his colleagues were Zhang Shichuan, Zheng Zhengqiu and Zhou Jianyun, who co-founded Mingxing Film Company.[2][5] In 1923 Mingxing released the film Orphan Rescues Grandfather to great commercial success. Inspired by his former colleagues, Shaw established Tianyi Film Company (also known as Unique) in 1925. He served as general manager and director, while his younger brothers Runde Shaw (Shao Cunren) and Runme Shaw (Shao Renmei) managed accounting and distribution.[1][2] The youngest brother, Run Run Shaw (Shao Yifu), did odd jobs for the company.[6]
Tianyi's first film, A Change of Heart, directed by Runje Shaw himself and released in 1925, was highly profitable. A shrewd businessman who understood the audiences' preferences, Shaw was one of the first Chinese filmmakers to make extensive use of traditional literature, legends, and myths.[2] Tianyi made highly successful genre films, including costume drama, swordplay, and gods and ghosts, inspiring numerous imitations from other studios.[2] The studio's 1925 film Swordswoman Li Feifei is considered the earliest Chinese martial arts film.[1]
In 1926, Tianyi released two highly successful costume dramas: The Lovers (Liang Zhu Tongshi, based on the legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai), and White Snake (based on the eponymous legend), both directed by Shaw. In addition to success in the domestic market, White Snake also became the most successful Chinese film in Southeast Asia.[5]
Under Shaw's leadership, Tianyi was one of the first filmmakers to take the leap from silent films to sound. In 1931, Shaw produced A Singer's Story, one of the earliest Chinese sound films, directed by Li Pingqian.[2] Unlike other major studios, which produced politically charged, socially conscious leftist films, Tianyi mainly focussed on making apolitical "entertainment" films.[2] By the 1930s, Tianyi had become one of the top Chinese film studios, along with Mingxing and Lianhua.[7]
Besides Shanghai, Shaw also established business operations in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.[2] Just before the Japanese invasion of Shanghai in August 1937, Tianyi shipped its equipment to Hong Kong,[5]: 76 and amalgamated the main operation with its Hong Kong branch, Nanyang Studio.[8] Its studio in Shanghai was destroyed when the Japanese occupied the city, and Shaw closed Tianyi.[7]
Runje Shaw was married to actress Chen Yumei, who became Tianyi's number one star after Hu Die defected to rival Mingxing Studio in 1928.[9] In 1934, Chen Yumei was voted the "Movie Queen" by the Shanghai newspaper "Movie Life", likely with the help of Shaw, who reportedly bought many of the votes.[9]: 119 However, in the same year Chen married Shaw and retired from acting.[9]: 120
After World War II and the Communist victory in mainland China, Runje Shaw retired from the film industry and stayed in Shanghai.[1] His younger brothers, meanwhile, rebuilt their businesses in Singapore and Hong Kong. Under Run Run Shaw's leadership, Shaw Brothers Studio became Hong Kong's largest and most influential film production company.[2] After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Runje Shaw served as a member of the Shanghai Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He died in Shanghai in 1975, aged 80.[3]
Shaw's works include:[10]