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[[Seismology|Seismicity]] shows the west-dipping Sangihe reaches a depth of about {{convert|650|km}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Yoshiyuki Tatsumi|first=Steve Eggins|title=Subduction zone magmatism|year=1995|publisher=Wiley-Blackwel|isbn=978-0-86542-361-9|pages=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ApSYR_NUKUC&pg=PA33}}</ref> Both Sangihe and Halmahera are exposed to the surface while the Molucca Sea plate is completely subsumed below these two microplates. The southern boundary of the Molucca Sea Plate is also the boundary of the [[Philippine Sea Plate]] and the [[Australian Plate]], and is moving northwards. Since the Sangihe Plate and the Halmahera Plate are in continuity with the Molucca Sea Plate, this implies all three slabs are moving northward in mantle with the [[Australian Plate]].<ref name=Hall/> |
[[Seismology|Seismicity]] shows the west-dipping Sangihe reaches a depth of about {{convert|650|km}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Yoshiyuki Tatsumi|first=Steve Eggins|title=Subduction zone magmatism|year=1995|publisher=Wiley-Blackwel|isbn=978-0-86542-361-9|pages=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ApSYR_NUKUC&pg=PA33}}</ref> Both Sangihe and Halmahera are exposed to the surface while the Molucca Sea plate is completely subsumed below these two microplates. The southern boundary of the Molucca Sea Plate is also the boundary of the [[Philippine Sea Plate]] and the [[Australian Plate]], and is moving northwards. Since the Sangihe Plate and the Halmahera Plate are in continuity with the Molucca Sea Plate, this implies all three slabs are moving northward in mantle with the [[Australian Plate]].<ref name=Hall/> |
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A broad high-velocity zone beneath the [[Bird's Head Plate]] at 400-600 km depth is interpreted by R Hall and W Spakman as indicating a remnant slab subducted below the Halmahera Plate, and another broad high-velocity zone beneath the [[Celebes Sea]] at 700-1000 km depth is interpreted as a remnant slab below the Sangihe Plate, both remnants having originated from a slab subducted beneath the[[Philippine-Halmahera Arc]] 45 Ma to 25 Ma ago.<ref name=Hall/> |
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In this model, the Bird's Head and Halmahera Plates are separated by the [[Sorong Fault]], a major lateral east-west fault. |
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An earlier model considered the area to be the [[Halmahera Arc]], a volcanic arc of islands without a tectonic plate base. More recent studies in the 1990s and later, have displaced this theory with the Halmahera Plate theory.<ref name=Hall/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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