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Latest revision Your text
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{{short description|Liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods}}

{{short description|Liquid, cream, or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods}}

{{other uses}}

{{other uses}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}

[[File:Lunch sauces.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Samosa]]s accompanied by four sauces]]

[[File:Lunch sauces.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Samosa]]s accompanied by four sauces]]

[[File:Tzatziki IMGP1480.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Tzatziki]] yoghurt sauce]]

[[File:Tzatziki IMGP1480.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Tzatziki]] yoghurt sauce]]

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Sauces need a [[liquid]] component. Sauces are an essential element in cuisines all over the world.

Sauces need a [[liquid]] component. Sauces are an essential element in cuisines all over the world.



Sauces may be used for sweet or savory dishes. They may be prepared and served cold, like [[mayonnaise]], prepared cold but served lukewarm like [[pesto]], cooked and served warm like [[bechamel]] or cooked and served cold like [[apple sauce]]. They may be freshly prepared by the cook, especially in restaurants, but today many sauces are sold premade and packaged like [[Worcestershire sauce]], [[HP Sauce]], [[soy sauce]] or [[ketchup]]. Sauces for [[salad]] are called [[salad dressing]]. Sauces made by [[Deglazing (cooking)|deglazing]] a pan are called pan sauces.

Sauces may be used for sweet or savory dishes. They may be prepared and served cold, like [[mayonnaise]], prepared cold but served lukewarm like [[pesto]], cooked and served warm like [[bechamel]] or cooked and served cold like [[apple sauce]]. They may be freshly prepared by the cook, especially in restaurants, but today many sauces are sold premade and packaged like [[Worcestershire sauce]], [[HP Sauce]], [[soy sauce]] or [[ketchup]]. Sauces for [[salad]] are called [[salad dressing]]. Sauces made by [[Deglazing (cooking)|deglazing]] a pan are called pan sauces.



A chef who specializes in making sauces is called a [[saucier]].

A chef who specializes in making sauces is called a [[saucier]].

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Sauces in [[Cuisine of France|French cuisine]] date back to the Middle Ages. There were many hundreds of sauces in the culinary repertoire. In ''[[cuisine classique]]'' (roughly from the end of the 19th century until the advent of ''[[nouvelle cuisine]]'' in the 1980s), sauces were a major defining characteristic of French cuisine.

Sauces in [[Cuisine of France|French cuisine]] date back to the Middle Ages. There were many hundreds of sauces in the culinary repertoire. In ''[[cuisine classique]]'' (roughly from the end of the 19th century until the advent of ''[[nouvelle cuisine]]'' in the 1980s), sauces were a major defining characteristic of French cuisine.



In the early 19th century, the chef [[Marie-Antoine Carême]] created an extensive list of sauces, many of which were original recipes. It is unknown how many sauces Carême is responsible for, but it is estimated to be in the hundreds. Most of them have been listed in Carême reference cookbook "The art of French Cuisine in the 19th century" (The French Title: "L'art de la cuisine française au XIXe siècle").<ref>{{Cite book|last=Carême|first=Marie-Antoine (1784-1833) Auteur du texte|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853460z|title=L'art de la cuisine française au XIXe siècle : traité élémentaire et pratique,.... T. 2 / par M. A. Carême,...|date=1833}}</ref>

In the early 19th century, the chef [[Marie-Antoine Carême]] created an extensive list of sauces, many of which were original recipes. It is unknown how many sauces Carême is responsible for, but it is estimated to be in the hundreds. Most of them have been listed in Carême reference cookbook "The art of French Cuisine in the 19th century" (The French Title: "L'art de la cuisine française au XIXe siècle").<ref>{{Cite book|last=Carême|first=Marie-Antoine (1784-1833) Auteur du texte|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853460z|title=L'art de la cuisine française au XIXe siècle : traité élémentaire et pratique,.... T. 2 / par M. A. Carême,...|date=1833|language=EN}}</ref>



Carême considered the four ''grandes sauces'' to be [[Espagnole sauce|Espagnole]], [[Velouté sauce|Velouté]], [[Allemande sauce|Allemande]], and [[Sauce Béchamel|Béchamel]], from which a large variety of petites sauces could be composed.<ref name="Carême1854">

Carême considered the four ''grandes sauces'' to be [[Espagnole sauce|Espagnole]], [[Velouté sauce|Velouté]], [[Allemande sauce|Allemande]], and [[Sauce Béchamel|Béchamel]], from which a large variety of petites sauces could be composed.<ref name="Carême1854">

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|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000061786981&view=1up&seq=64https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000061786981&view=1up&seq=33&q1=espagnole%20veloute%20bechamel%20tomato |access-date=17 December 2020

|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000061786981&view=1up&seq=64https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000061786981&view=1up&seq=33&q1=espagnole%20veloute%20bechamel%20tomato |access-date=17 December 2020

}}

}}

</ref> Sauce Allemande, which was mentioned as a preparation of Velouté made with egg yolks,<ref name="Escoffier1903">

</ref> Sauce Allemande, which was mentioned as a preparation of Velouté made with egg yolks,<ref name="Escoffier1903">

{{

{{

cite book|last1=Escoffier|first1=Auguste|author-link=Auguste Escoffier|last2=Gilbert|first2=Philéas|last3=Fétu|first3=E.|last4=Suzanne|first4=A.|last5=Reboul|first5=B.|last6=Dietrich|first6=Ch.|last7=Caillat|first7=A.

cite book|last1=Escoffier|first1=Auguste|author-link=Auguste Escoffier|last2=Gilbert|first2=Philéas|last3=Fétu|first3=E.|last4=Suzanne|first4=A.|last5=Reboul|first5=B.|last6=Dietrich|first6=Ch.|last7=Caillat|first7=A.

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|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8UeTMbS5uYC|access-date=7 December 2013|year=1903

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8UeTMbS5uYC|access-date=7 December 2013|year=1903

|publisher=Émile Colin, Imprimerie de Lagny|language=fr|location=Paris|display-authors=etal|url-status=live

|publisher=Émile Colin, Imprimerie de Lagny|language=fr|location=Paris|display-authors=etal|url-status=live

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104165512/http://books.google.com/books?id=t8UeTMbS5uYC|archive-date=4 January 2014

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104165512/http://books.google.com/books?id=t8UeTMbS5uYC|archive-date=4 January 2014|df=dmy-all

}}

}}

</ref> is replaced by Sauce Tomate.<ref name=escoffier1912>

</ref> is replaced by Sauce Tomate.<ref name=escoffier1912>

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Cite book|last=Escoffier|first=Auguste (1846-1935)

Cite book|last=Escoffier|first=Auguste (1846-1935)

|title=Le Guide Culinaire: aide-mémoire de cuisine pratique (3e édition) / par A. Escoffier; avec la collaboration de MM. Philéas Gilbert et Émile Fétu

|title=Le Guide Culinaire: aide-mémoire de cuisine pratique (3e édition) / par A. Escoffier; avec la collaboration de MM. Philéas Gilbert et Émile Fétu

|page=13|date=1912|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96923116|access-date=2020-12-08|archive-date=2020-10-21

|page=13|date=1912|language=EN

|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96923116|access-date=2020-12-08|archive-date=2020-10-21

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021072046/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96923116|url-status=live

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021072046/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96923116|url-status=live

}}

}}

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Cite book|title=Understand Cooking|last=Lundberg|first=Donald E.|date=1965|publisher=Pennsylvania State University|page=277}}</ref><ref>

Cite book|title=Understand Cooking|last=Lundberg|first=Donald E.|date=1965|publisher=Pennsylvania State University|page=277}}</ref><ref>

{{Cite book|title=Sauces Reconsidered: Après Escoffier|last=Allen|first=Gary|date=2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|page=52}}</ref><ref>

{{Cite book|title=Sauces Reconsidered: Après Escoffier|last=Allen|first=Gary|date=2019|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|page=52}}</ref><ref>

{{Cite book|title=The Elements of Cooking: Translating the Chef's Craft for Every Kitchen|last=Ruhlman|first=Michael|date=2007|publisher=Simon and Schuster|page=171}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Do You Know Your French Mother Sauces?|url=https://www.thekitchn.com/do-you-know-your-french-mother-sauces-211794|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Kitchn|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020549/https://www.thekitchn.com/do-you-know-your-french-mother-sauces-211794|url-status=live}}

{{Cite book|title=The Elements of Cooking: Translating the Chef's Craft for Every Kitchen|last=Ruhlman|first=Michael|date=2007|publisher=Simon and Schuster|page=171}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Do You Know Your French Mother Sauces?|url=https://www.thekitchn.com/do-you-know-your-french-mother-sauces-211794|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Kitchn|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020549/https://www.thekitchn.com/do-you-know-your-french-mother-sauces-211794|url-status=live}}

</ref>

</ref>



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* [[Hollandaise sauce|Sauce Hollandaise]], an [[emulsion]] of butter and lemon (or vinegar), using [[egg yolk]] as the [[Emulsion#Emulsifiers|emulsifier]].

* [[Hollandaise sauce|Sauce Hollandaise]], an [[emulsion]] of butter and lemon (or vinegar), using [[egg yolk]] as the [[Emulsion#Emulsifiers|emulsifier]].



A sauce which is derived from one of the mother sauces by augmenting with additional ingredients is sometimes called a "daughter sauce" or "secondary sauce".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recipetips.com/glossary-term/t--34435/small-sauce.asp|title=Small Sauce|access-date=31 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214020929/http://www.recipetips.com/glossary-term/t--34435/small-sauce.asp|archive-date=14 February 2017}}</ref> Most sauces commonly used in classical cuisine are daughter sauces. For example, béchamel can be made into [[Mornay sauce|Mornay]] by the addition of grated cheese, and espagnole becomes [[Bordelaise sauce|bordelaise]] with the addition of reduction of red wine, [[shallots]], and poached beef [[Bone marrow (food)|marrow]].

A sauce which is derived from one of the mother sauces by augmenting with additional ingredients is sometimes called a "daughter sauce" or "secondary sauce".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recipetips.com/glossary-term/t--34435/small-sauce.asp|title=Small Sauce|access-date=31 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214020929/http://www.recipetips.com/glossary-term/t--34435/small-sauce.asp|archive-date=14 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Most sauces commonly used in classical cuisine are daughter sauces. For example, béchamel can be made into [[Mornay sauce|Mornay]] by the addition of grated cheese, and espagnole becomes [[Bordelaise sauce|bordelaise]] with the addition of reduction of red wine, [[shallots]], and poached beef [[Bone marrow (food)|marrow]].



A specialized implement, the [[French sauce spoon]], was introduced in the mid-20th century to aid in eating sauce in French cuisine, is enjoying increasing popularity at high-end restaurants.

A specialized implement, the [[French sauce spoon]], was introduced in the mid-20th century to aid in eating sauce in French cuisine, is enjoying increasing popularity at high-end restaurants.

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=== Indonesian ===

=== Indonesian ===

[[Indonesian cuisine]] uses typical sauces such as ''[[kecap manis]]'' (sweet [[soy sauce]]), ''bumbu kacang'' ([[peanut sauce]]) and [[tauco]], while popular hot and spicy sauces are [[sambal]], [[colo-colo (condiment)|colo-colo]], [[dabu-dabu]] and [[rica-rica]]. Sambal is an umbrella term; there are many, many kinds of [[sambal]]. [[File:Sauce boat.jpg|thumb|In the European traditions, sauces are often served in a [[sauce boat]].]]

[[Indonesian cuisine]] uses typical sauces such as ''[[kecap manis]]'' (sweet [[soy sauce]]), ''bumbu kacang'' ([[peanut sauce]]) and [[tauco]], while popular hot and spicy sauces are [[sambal]], [[colo-colo (condiment)|colo-colo]], [[dabu-dabu]] and [[rica-rica]]. Sambal is an umbrella term; there are many, many kinds of [[sambal]].[[File:Sauce boat.jpg|thumb|In the European traditions, sauces are often served in a [[sauce boat]].]]



===Italian===

===Italian===

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===Middle Eastern===

===Middle Eastern===

* [[Fesenjān]] is a traditional Iranian sauce of [[pomegranate]]s and [[walnut]]s served over meat and/or vegetables which was traditionally served for [[Yaldā Night|Yalda]] or end of winter and the [[Nowruz]] ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sifton |first1=Sam |title=Fesenjan |url=https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1017040-fesenjan |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Fesenjan| last1=Khoresht-e|title=Persian Food Primer: 10 Essential Iranian Dishes |url=https://tn.ai/1192646 |access-date=21 September 2016 |agency=Tasnim news |publisher=Tasnim |ref=Food Republic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Noll |first1=Daniel |title=Iranian Food: A Culinary Travel Guide to What to Eat and Drink |url=https://uncorneredmarket.com/iran-food/ |website=uncorneredmarket |date=8 December 2018 |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>

* [[Fesenjān]] is a traditional Iranian sauce of [[pomegranate]]s and [[walnut]]s served over meat and/or vegetables which was traditionally served for [[Yaldā Night|Yalda]] or end of winter and the [[Nowruz]] ceremony.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sifton |first1=Sam |title=Fesenjan |url=https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1017040-fesenjan |agency=Nytimes |publisher=cooking.nytimes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Fesenjan| last1=Khoresht-e|title=Persian Food Primer: 10 Essential Iranian Dishes |url=https://tn.ai/1192646 |access-date=21 September 2016 |agency=Tasnim news |publisher=Tasnim |ref=Food Republic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Noll |first1=Daniel |title=Iranian Food: A Culinary Travel Guide to What to Eat and Drink |url=https://uncorneredmarket.com/iran-food/ |website=uncorneredmarket |date=8 December 2018 |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>

* [[Hummus]] is a traditional middle eastern sauce or [[Dipping sauce|dip]]. It originated in Egypt, but is considered as a traditional food of many Arab countries such as Syria and Palestine. It is made of [[chickpeas]] and tahina (sesame paste) and garlic with olive oil, salt and lemon juice.

* [[Hummus]] is a traditional middle eastern sauce or [[Dipping sauce|dip]]. It originated in Egypt, but is considered as a traditional food of many Arab countries such as Syria and Palestine. It is made of [[chickpeas]] and tahina (sesame paste) and garlic with olive oil, salt and lemon juice.



=== Thai ===

=== Thai ===

* Southeast Asian cuisines, such as [[Thai cuisine|Thai]] and [[Vietnamese cuisine]], often use [[fish sauce]], made from fermented fish.

* Southeast Asian cuisines, such as [[Cuisine of Thailand|Thai]] and [[Cuisine of Vietnam|Vietnamese cuisine]], often use [[fish sauce]], made from fermented fish.



==Examples==

==Examples==

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{{Authority control}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}



[[Category:Sauces| ]]

[[Category:Sauces| ]]

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