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{{short description|American filmmaker (born 1946)}}
{{redirect|Spielberg}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Steven Spielberg
| image              = MKr25402 Steven Spielberg (Berlinale 2023).jpg
| caption            = Spielberg in 2023
| birth_name         = Steven Allan Spielberg
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1946|12|18}}
| birth_place        = [[Cincinnati]], Ohio, U.S.
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| alma_mater         = [[California State University, Long Beach]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
| occupation         = {{hlist|Film director|film producer|screenwriter}}
| years_active       = 1969–present
| works              = [[Steven Spielberg filmography|Full list]]
| spouse             = {{unbulleted list
| {{marriage|[[Amy Irving]]|November 1985|1989|end=divorced}}
| {{marriage|[[Kate Capshaw]]|October 12, 1991}}
}}
| children           = 6, including [[Sasha Spielberg|Sasha]], [[Sawyer Spielberg|Sawyer]] and [[Destry Spielberg|Destry]]
| father             = [[Arnold Spielberg]]|
| mother             = Leah Adler
| relatives          = {{plainlist|
* [[Anne Spielberg]] (sister)
* [[Jessica Capshaw]] (stepdaughter)
}}
| awards             = [[List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg|Full list]]
| signature          = Steven Spielberg Signature.svg
}}
'''Steven Allan Spielberg''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|p|iː|l|b|ɜr|ɡ}}; born December 18, 1946) is an American filmmaker. A major figure of the [[New Hollywood]] era and pioneer of the modern [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]], he is the most [[List of highest-grossing film directors|commercially successful director in film history]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Grossing Director at the Worldwide Box Office |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-specific-technical-role/director |access-date=December 25, 2022 |website=The Numbers |archive-date=October 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001025802/https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-star-records/worldwide/lifetime-specific-technical-role/director |url-status=live }}</ref> He is the recipient of many [[List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg|accolades]], including three [[Academy Awards]], two [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTA Awards]], nine [[Golden Globe Awards]], and four [[Directors Guild of America Awards]], as well as the [[AFI Life Achievement Award]] in 1995, the [[Kennedy Center Honors|Kennedy Center Honor]] in 2006, the [[Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award|Cecil B. DeMille Award]] in 2009 and the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 2015. Seven of [[Steven Spielberg filmography|his films]] have been inducted into the [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=December 12, 2018 |title='Jurassic Park,' 'The Shining,' 'Monterey Pop' Added to National Film Registry |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/jurassic-park-the-shining-monterey-pop-national-film-registry-library-of-congress-768009/ |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |language=en-US |access-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421014338/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/movie-news/jurassic-park-the-shining-monterey-pop-national-film-registry-library-of-congress-768009/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1" />

Spielberg was born in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]], and grew up in [[Phoenix, Arizona]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=McBride |first=Joseph |title=Steven Spielberg: A Biography |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |year=2010 |isbn=9781604738377 |language=English}}</ref> He moved to California and studied film in college. After directing several episodes for television, including ''[[Night Gallery]]'' and ''[[Columbo]]'', he directed the television film ''[[Duel (1971 film)|Duel]]'' (1971), which later received an international theatrical release. He made his theatrical film debut with ''[[The Sugarland Express]]'' (1974) and became a household name with the 1975 summer blockbuster ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]''. He directed more box office successes with ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' (1977), ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' (1982), and the original ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' trilogy (1981–89). He subsequently explored drama in ''[[The Color Purple (1985 film)|The Color Purple]]'' (1985) and ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]'' (1987).

In 1993, Spielberg directed back-to-back blockbuster hits with the [[science fiction]] thriller ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'', the [[List of highest-grossing films|highest-grossing film]] ever at the time, and the [[Holocaust]] drama ''[[Schindler's List]]'', which has often been listed as one of the [[List of films considered the best|greatest films ever made]]. He won the [[Academy Award for Best Director]] for the latter and the 1998 World War II epic ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''. Spielberg has since directed the science fiction films ''[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]'' (2001), ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' (2002), and ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]'' (2005); the adventure films ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' (2011) and ''[[Ready Player One (film)|Ready Player One]]'' (2018); the historical dramas ''[[Amistad (film)|Amistad]]'' (1997), ''[[Munich (2005 film)|Munich]]'' (2005), ''[[War Horse (film)|War Horse]]'' (2011), ''[[Lincoln (film)|Lincoln]]'' (2012), ''[[Bridge of Spies (film)|Bridge of Spies]]'' (2015) and ''[[The Post (film)|The Post]]'' (2017); the musical ''[[West Side Story (2021 film)|West Side Story]]'' (2021); and the semi-autobiographical drama ''[[The Fabelmans]]'' (2022).

Spielberg co-founded [[Amblin Entertainment]] and [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]], and he has served as a producer for many successful films and television series, among them ''[[Poltergeist (1982 film)|Poltergeist]]'' (1982), ''[[Gremlins]]'' (1984), ''[[Back to the Future]]'' (1985), ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' (1988) and ''[[Band of Brothers (miniseries)|Band of Brothers]]'' (1999). He has had a long collaboration with the composer [[John Williams]], with whom he has worked for all but five of his feature films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caschetto |first=Maurizio |date=August 20, 2022 |title=History In The Making: The Spielberg/Williams Collaboration |url=https://thelegacyofjohnwilliams.com/2022/08/20/spielberg-williams-podcast/ |access-date=December 24, 2022 |website=The Legacy of John Williams |language=en |archive-date=December 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224223928/https://thelegacyofjohnwilliams.com/2022/08/20/spielberg-williams-podcast/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=January 8, 2021 |title=John Williams and Steven Spielberg mark 40 years of collaboration |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2012-jan-08-la-ca-john-williams-20120108-story.html |access-date=December 24, 2022 |archive-date=December 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224223927/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2012-jan-08-la-ca-john-williams-20120108-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Several of Spielberg's works are considered among the greatest films in history, and some are among the highest-grossing films ever.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Lifetime Grosses |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/?area=XWW |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |archive-date=January 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102025933/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/world/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' listed him as one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential]] people,<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=April 18, 2013 |title=Full List: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=December 24, 2022 |archive-date=August 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814190314/http://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/all/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and in 2023, Spielberg was the recipient of the first ever [[Time100 Impact Awards|''Time'' 100 Impact Award]] in the U.S.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=April 27, 2023 |title=Drew Barrymore and Ke Huy Quan Celebrate Steven Spielberg's Impact |url=https://time.com/collection/time100-summit-2023/6274858/steven-spielberg-time100-impact-award/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503195842/https://time.com/collection/time100-summit-2023/6274858/steven-spielberg-time100-impact-award/ |archive-date=May 3, 2023 |access-date= |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> Reviewing ''Close Encounters'', [[Pauline Kael]] called the young Spielberg "a magician in the age of movies."<ref>{{cite magazine| last=Kael| first=Pauline| date=November 20, 1977| title=The Greening of the Solar System| url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1977/11/28/the-greening-of-the-solar-system| magazine=The New Yorker| access-date=November 17, 2023| archive-date=November 17, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117231711/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1977/11/28/the-greening-of-the-solar-system| url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life and background==
Spielberg was born on December 18, 1946, in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=80}}{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=35}} His mother, Leah (''[[née]]'' Posner, later Adler; 1920–2017),<ref>{{cite web |date=1986 |title=Steven Spielberg's Mother |url=http://fredbernstein.com/info/spielberg_mom.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323023020/http://fredbernstein.com/info/spielberg_mom.shtml |archive-date=March 23, 2013 |access-date=May 25, 2012 |website=fredbernstein.com |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]}}</ref> was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, [[Arnold Spielberg]] (1917–2020),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moreau |first=Jordan |date=August 26, 2020 |title=Arnold Spielberg, Father of Steven Spielberg, Dies at 103 |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/arnold-spielberg-dead-dies-steven-spielberg-father-1234748936/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184126/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/arnold-spielberg-dead-dies-steven-spielberg-father-1234748936/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 17, 2020 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His immediate family were situationally<ref name="npr/transcripts/1134314093">{{cite web |last1=Gross |first1=Terry |author1-link=Terry Gross |title=Steven Spielberg was a fearful kid who found solace in storytelling |url=https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1134314093 |website=[[Fresh Air]] |access-date=November 9, 2022 |date=November 9, 2022 |archive-date=November 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109205319/https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1134314093 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Reform Judaism|Reform Jewish]]/[[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]].{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=6}}{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=38}} Spielberg's paternal grandparents were [[History of the Jews in Ukraine|Jews from Ukraine]];<ref>{{cite web |last=Tugend |first=Tom |date=June 13, 2012 |title=A close encounter with Steven Spielberg's dad |url=https://jewishjournal.com/mobile_20111212/105131/a-close-encounter-with-steven-spielbergs-dad/ |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles]] |archive-date=July 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707115653/http://jewishjournal.com/mobile_20111212/105131/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gutfreund |first=Debbie |date=January 28, 2017 |title=Steven Spielberg's Jewish Roots |url=https://aish.com/steven-spielbergs-jewish-roots/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926052518/https://aish.com/steven-spielbergs-jewish-roots/ |archive-date=September 26, 2022 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |work=[[Aish HaTorah]]}}</ref> his grandmother Rebecca, maiden name Chechik, was from [[Sudylkiv]], and his grandfather Shmuel Spielberg was from [[Kamianets-Podilskyi]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://jewishjournal.com/mobile_20111212/105131/a-close-encounter-with-steven-spielbergs-dad/| title=A close encounter with Steven Spielberg's dad| work=[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles]]| date=June 13, 2012| access-date=February 16, 2022| author=Tugend, Tom| archive-date=July 7, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707115653/http://jewishjournal.com/mobile_20111212/105131/| url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=22}} Schmuel escaped to Cincinnati in 1906 to avoid being drafted into the Russian army, and he brought his fiancée Rebecca there in 1908.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 27, 2022 |title=Shmuel Spielberg (1873–1945) |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Shmuel-Spielberg/6000000008744911171 |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=[[Geni.com]] |archive-date=March 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303202225/https://www.geni.com/people/Shmuel-Spielberg/6000000008744911171 |url-status=live }}</ref> Spielberg has three younger sisters: [[Anne Spielberg|Anne]], Sue, and Nancy.{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=16}} In 1952, his family moved to [[Haddon Township, New Jersey]] after his father was hired by [[RCA]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=48}} Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi [[Albert L. Lewis]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=53}}

In early 1957, the family moved to [[Phoenix, Arizona]].<ref>{{cite magazine|first=David|last=Denby|title=Steven Spielberg at Seventy|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/16/steven-spielberg-at-seventy|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=January 16, 2017|access-date=May 11, 2018|archive-date=May 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511161155/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/01/16/steven-spielberg-at-seventy|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=9}} Spielberg had a [[Bar and bat mitzvah|bar mitzvah]] ceremony when he was thirteen.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=36}} His family was involved in the synagogue and had many Jewish friends.{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=30}} Of [[the Holocaust]], he said that his parents "talked about it all the time, and so it was always on my mind."{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=30}} His father had lost between sixteen and twenty relatives in the Holocaust.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=22}} Spielberg found it difficult accepting his heritage; he said: "It isn't something I enjoy admitting ... but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by the outward perception of my parents' Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times."<ref>{{cite web |last=Jungreis-Wolff |first=Slovie |date=August 22, 2015 |title=Steven Spielberg, E.T. and Growing Up Jewish |url=http://www.aish.com/f/p/Steven-Spielberg-ET-and-Growing-Up-Jewish.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511145732/http://www.aish.com/f/p/Steven-Spielberg-ET-and-Growing-Up-Jewish.html |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |access-date=May 11, 2018 |publisher=[[Aish HaTorah]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rader |first=Dotson |date=March 27, 1994 |title=Steven Spielberg: 'We Can't Just Sit Back and Hope' |pages=163 |work=[[Parade (magazine)|Parade]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/120499389/steven-spielberg-article-page-1/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=March 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309165802/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/120499389/steven-spielberg-article-page-1/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Spielberg also suffered from [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitism]]: "In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. Two bloody noses. It was horrible."<ref name="faces">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/bestpictures/schindler-ar1.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Bernard|last=Weinraub|author-link=Bernard Weinraub|date=December 12, 1993|title=Steven Spielberg Faces the Holocaust|access-date=February 13, 2017|archive-date=January 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112010516/http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/movies/bestpictures/schindler-ar1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=J.D.|last=Reed|title=Steven Spielberg|url=http://people.com/archive/steven-spielberg/|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|date=March 15, 1999|access-date=May 11, 2018|archive-date=May 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511215012/http://people.com/archive/steven-spielberg/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=22}} He grew away from Judaism during adolescence, after his family had moved to various neighborhoods and found themselves to be the only Jews.{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=29}}{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=20}}

Spielberg's interest in film started at a young age. At age 12, he made his first home movie: a train wreck involving his toy [[Lionel Corporation|Lionel]] trains.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=11}} In 1958, he became a [[Scouts BSA|Boy Scout]] and fulfilled a requirement for the photography [[Merit badge (Boy Scouts of America)|merit badge]] by making a nine-minute [[8 mm video format|8&nbsp;mm]] film, ''The Last Gunfight''.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=77}}{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=12}} He eventually attained the rank of [[Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)|Eagle Scout]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=78}} Spielberg used his father's movie camera to make amateur features, and began taking the camera along on every Scout trip.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=83}} At age 13, Spielberg made a 40-minute war film, ''Escape to Nowhere'', with a cast of classmates. The film won first prize in a statewide competition.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=16}}{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=99}} Throughout his early teens, and after entering high school, Spielberg made about fifteen to twenty 8&nbsp;mm adventure films.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=5}}{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=84}}

In Phoenix, Spielberg watched films at the local theater every Saturday.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=81}} Some of the films he cited as early influences include [[Ishirō Honda]] and [[Eiji Tsuburaya]]'s ''[[Godzilla, King of the Monsters!]]'' (1956),<ref>{{cite book |last=Ryfle |first=Steve |url=https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl/page/15 |title=Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G |publisher=[[ECW Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=9781550223484 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl/page/15 15–17]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ragone |first=August |title=Eiji Tsuburaya: Master of Monsters |date=May 6, 2014 |publisher=Chronicle Books |isbn=978-1-4521-3539-7 |edition=paperback |pages=181}}</ref> [[Akira Kurosawa]]'s films,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Warren |first1=Adrian |date=June 11, 2014 |title='Seven Samurai' Spawned a Subgenre All of Its Own |work=[[PopMatters]] |url=https://www.popmatters.com/182639-seven-samurai-2495651387.html |access-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-date=April 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421063159/https://www.popmatters.com/182639-seven-samurai-2495651387.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Prince132">{{cite book |last1=Prince |first1=Stephen |title=Rashomon Effects: Kurosawa, Rashomon and their legacies |date=November 6, 2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-317-57464-4 |editor-last1=Davis |editor-first1=Blair |page=132 |chapter=Kurosawa's international legacy |access-date=April 21, 2022 |editor-last2=Anderson |editor-first2=Robert |editor-last3=Walls |editor-first3=Jan |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebXhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132}}</ref> ''[[Captains Courageous (1937 film)|Captains Courageous]]'' (1937), ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]'' (1940), and [[David Lean]]'s ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' (1962), which he called "the film that set me on my journey".<ref>{{cite web|last=O'Callaghan|first=Paul|date=January 23, 2018|title=10 great films that inspired Steven Spielberg|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-films-inspired-steven-spielberg|access-date=February 11, 2019|website=[[British Film Institute]]|archive-date=February 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064143/https://www.bfi.org.uk/news-opinion/news-bfi/lists/10-great-films-inspired-steven-spielberg|url-status=live}}</ref> He attended [[Arcadia High School (Phoenix, Arizona)|Arcadia High School]] in 1961 for three years.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=94}} He wrote and directed his first independent film in 1963, a 140-minute science fiction adventure, ''[[Firelight (1964 film)|Firelight]]'', which later inspired ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind|Close Encounters of The Third Kind]]''. The film, funded mainly by his father, had a budget of under $600, and was shown in a local theater for one evening.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=102}}{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=18}} In the summer of 1964, he worked as an unpaid assistant at [[Universal Studios]]' editorial department.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |date=May 14, 2002 |title=CSU Newsline – Steven Spielberg To Graduate from California State University, Long Beach With Bachelor's Degree in Film and Electronic Arts |url=http://www.calstate.edu/Newsline/Archive/01-02/020514-LB.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309122336/https://www.calstate.edu/Newsline/Archive/01-02/020514-LB.shtml |archive-date=March 9, 2010 |access-date=March 2, 2010 |publisher=[[California State University]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=20}} His family later moved to [[Saratoga, California]], where he attended [[Saratoga High School (California)|Saratoga High School]], graduating in 1965.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=115}} A year later, his parents divorced. Spielberg moved to Los Angeles to stay with his father,{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=24}} while his three sisters and mother remained in Saratoga. He was not interested in academics, aspiring only to be a filmmaker.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=22}} He applied to the [[University of Southern California]]'s film school but was turned down because of his mediocre grades.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=131}} He then applied and enrolled at [[California State University, Long Beach]], where he became a brother of [[Theta Chi Fraternity]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=141}}{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=23}}

After taking a tour bus to Universal Studios, a chance conversation with an executive led to Spielberg getting a three-day pass to the premises, allowing him to come back the next day. On the fourth day he walked up to the studio gates without a pass, and the security guard waved him in: "I basically spent the next two months at Universal Studios. And that was how I became an unofficial apprentice that summer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2022 |title=Eight things we learned from Steven Spielberg's Desert Island Discs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3QSMPjljCWlgg05TTJD3nHV/eight-things-we-learned-from-steven-spielbergs-desert-island-discs |access-date=December 23, 2022 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=December 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223140549/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3QSMPjljCWlgg05TTJD3nHV/eight-things-we-learned-from-steven-spielbergs-desert-island-discs |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1968, Universal gave Spielberg the opportunity to write and direct a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute [[35 mm movie film|35&nbsp;mm]] ''[[Amblin']]''. Studio vice president [[Sidney Sheinberg]] was impressed by the film, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=26}} A year later, he dropped out of college to begin directing television productions for Universal.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=169}} It made him the youngest director to be signed to a long-term plan with a major Hollywood studio.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Dennis|title=Science Fiction Film Directors, 1895–1998|publisher=McFarland|year=2011|isbn=9780786485055|location=North Carolina|pages=548}}</ref> Spielberg returned to Long Beach in 2002, where he presented his own film [[Schindler's List]] to complete his [[Bachelor of Arts]] in Film and Electronic Media.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=28}}

==Career==
===1969–1974: Early film and television work===
Spielberg's professional debut was directing segments for the 1969 pilot episode of ''[[Night Gallery (film)|Night Gallery]]'', scripted by [[Rod Serling]] and featuring [[Joan Crawford]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=170}} Initially, there was skepticism from Crawford and studio executives regarding Spielberg's inexperience. Despite Spielberg's efforts to implement advanced camerawork techniques, studio executives demanded a more straightforward approach. His initial contributions received mixed responses, leading Spielberg to briefly step back from studio work.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=31}}

Joan Crawford, reflecting on her collaboration with Spielberg, recognized his potential, noting his unique intuitive inspiration compared to more seasoned directors. She expressed her appreciation for Spielberg's talent in a note to him and also communicated her approval to Rod Serling, emphasizing Spielberg's promising future in the industry. Crawford's endorsement highlighted Spielberg's early recognition in Hollywood despite initial hesitations regarding his experience.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Chandler|first=Charlotte|title=Not the Girl Next Door: Joan Crawford, a Personal Biography|date=2008|publisher=Simon & Schuster|page=262|isbn=978-1-4165-4751-8|edition=1st Simon & Schuster hardcover|location=New York|oclc=166273792}}</ref>

In the early 1970s, Spielberg unsuccessfully tried to raise financing for his own low-budget films. He turned to writing screenplays with other writers, and then directing television episodes. These included the series ''[[Marcus Welby, M.D.]]'', ''[[The Name of the Game (TV series)|The Name of the Game]]'' ("[[L.A. 2017]]"), ''[[Columbo]], [[Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law]]'' and ''[[The Psychiatrist (TV series)|The Psychiatrist]].{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=33}}'' Although unsatisfied with this work,{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=69}} Spielberg used the opportunity to experiment with his techniques and learn about filmmaking. He earned good reviews and impressed producers; he was earning a steady income and relocated to [[Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles|Laurel Canyon]], Los Angeles.''{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=33}}''

Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four television films.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 14, 1975|title=Spielberg, Universal Sign Four-Picture Agreement|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> The first was ''[[Duel (1971 film)|Duel]]'' (1971), adapted from [[Richard Matheson]]'s short story of the same name, about a salesman ([[Dennis Weaver]]) being chased down a highway by a psychotic [[Tank truck|tanker truck]] driver. Impressed with the film, executives decided to promote it on television. Reviews were positive, and Universal asked Spielberg to shoot more scenes so that ''Duel'' could be released to international markets.''{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=35}}'' "Deservedly so" writes [[David Thomson (film critic)|David Thomson]], "for it stands up as one of the medium's most compelling spirals of suspense."<ref>{{cite book| last=Thomson| first=David| title=[[The New Biographical Dictionary of Film]]| year=2004| page=847}}</ref> More TV films followed: ''[[Something Evil]]'' (1972) and ''[[Savage (1973 TV film)|Savage]]'' (1973).

In 1974, Spielberg made his theatrical debut, ''[[The Sugarland Express]]'', based on a true story about a married couple on the run, desperate to regain custody of their baby from foster parents.''{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=37}}'' The film starred [[Goldie Hawn]] and [[William Atherton]] and marked the first of many collaborations with the composer [[John Williams]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=20}} Although the film was awarded Best Screenplay at the [[1974 Cannes Film Festival]], it was not a commercial success, {{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=20}}''{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=38}}'' which Spielberg blamed on Universal's inconsistent marketing.''{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=115}}'' The film opened in four hundred theaters in the U.S. to positive reviews; [[Pauline Kael]] wrote "Spielberg uses his gifts in a very free-and-easy, American way—for humor, and for a physical response to action. He could be that rarity among directors, a born entertainer—perhaps a new generation's [[Howard Hawks]]."<ref>Kael, Pauline (March 18, 1974). "The Current Cinema". ''[[The New Yorker]]''. 130.</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' wrote that "a major new director is on the horizon."{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=223}}

=== 1975–1980: Breakthrough ===
Producers [[Richard D. Zanuck]] and [[David Brown (producer)|David Brown]] took a chance with Spielberg, and gave him the opportunity to direct [[Jaws (film)|''Jaws'']] (1975), a horror-thriller based on the [[Peter Benchley]] [[Jaws (novel)|novel of the same name]]. In it, a [[great white shark]] attacks beachgoers at a summer [[resort town]], prompting police chief [[Martin Brody]] ([[Roy Scheider]]) to hunt it down with the help of a [[Marine biology|marine biologist]] ([[Richard Dreyfuss]]) and a veteran shark hunter ([[Robert Shaw (actor)|Robert Shaw]]). ''Jaws'' was the first movie shot on open ocean,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://entertainmentvoice.com/2017/10/07/hbo-spielberg-documentary-is-an-unabashed-love-letter-to-a-film-lover/|title=HBO's 'Spielberg' Documentary Is an Unabashed Love Letter to a Film Lover|last=Sokol|first=Tony|access-date=October 8, 2017|archive-date=October 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009092937/http://entertainmentvoice.com/2017/10/07/hbo-spielberg-documentary-is-an-unabashed-love-letter-to-a-film-lover/|url-status=live}}</ref> so shooting proved difficult, and the mechanical shark malfunctioned. The filming schedule overran by a hundred days, and Universal threatened to cancel production.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=22}} Against expectations, ''Jaws'' was a success; it set the domestic box office record, making Spielberg a household name.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=250}} It won [[Academy Awards]] for [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], and [[Academy Award for Best Sound Mixing|Best Sound]]. Spielberg said the malfunctioning of the mechanical shark resulted in a better movie, as he had to find ways to suggest the shark without showing it. After seeing the unconventional camera techniques of ''Jaws'', [[Alfred Hitchcock]] praised "young Spielberg" for thinking outside the visual dynamics of the theater: "He's the first one of us who doesn't see the [[proscenium]] arch".<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Gleiberman |first=Owen |date=August 1, 2007 |title=''The Bourne Ultimatum'' |url=https://ew.com/article/2007/08/01/bourne-ultimatum-2/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 |archive-date=October 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022053043/https://ew.com/article/2007/08/01/bourne-ultimatum-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the success of ''Jaws'', Spielberg declined an offer to make ''[[Jaws 2]].{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=145}}'' He and Richard Dreyfuss re-convened to work on a film about [[Unidentified flying object|UFOs]], ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' (1977). During filming, Spielberg used [[70 mm film|65 mm film]] for the best picture quality, and a new live-action recording system so that the recordings could be duplicated later.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=26}}{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=277}} He cast one of his favorite directors, [[François Truffaut]], as the scientist Claude Lacombe. One of the rare films both written and directed by Spielberg, ''Close Encounters'' was very popular with film-goers,''{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=170}}'' and he received his first [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]] nomination from the Academy Awards. It earned six more nominations, winning [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]] and [[Academy Award for Best Sound Editing|Best Sound Effects Editing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 50th Academy Awards {{!}} 1978 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506033234/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1978 |archive-date=May 6, 2019 |access-date=November 27, 2020 |website= |date=October 5, 2014 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Stanley Kauffmann]] wrote:『I saw ''Close Encounters'' at its first public showing in New York, and most of the audience stayed on and on to watch the credits crawl lengthily at the end. For one thing, under the credits the giant spaceship was returning to the stars. For another, they just didn’t want to leave this picture. For still another, they seemed to understand the importance of those many names to what they had just seen.』Kauffmann placed it first on his list of the best American films from 1968 to 1977.<ref>{{cite web| title=Calmly Disagreeing: Stanley Kauffmann (1916-2013)| date=November 6, 2013| url=https://rockcritics.com/2013/11/05/calmly-disagreeing-stanley-kauffmann-1916-2013/| access-date=November 20, 2023| archive-date=November 20, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120160534/https://rockcritics.com/2013/11/05/calmly-disagreeing-stanley-kauffmann-1916-2013/| url-status=live}}</ref>

Spielberg's first film as an executive producer was the directorial debut of [[Robert Zemeckis]], [[I Wanna Hold Your Hand (film)|''I Wanna Hold Your Hand'']] (1978). His next directorial work was [[1941 (film)|''1941'']] (1979), an action-comedy written by Zemeckis and [[Bob Gale]] about Californians preparing for a Japanese invasion after the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. Spielberg was self-conscious about doing comedy as he had no prior experience in the genre.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=30}} Universal and Columbia agreed to co-finance the film. ''1941'' grossed over $92.4&nbsp;million worldwide upon release,<ref>{{Cite web |title=1941 (1979) – Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/1941 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127105919/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/1941#tab=summary |archive-date=November 27, 2022 |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]}}</ref> but most critics, and the studio heads, disliked it.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=30}} [[Charles Champlin]] described ''1941'' as "the most conspicuous waste since the last major oil spill, which it somewhat resembles."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Champlin |first1=Charles |date=December 23, 1979 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/385313148 |title=Spielberg's Pearl Harbor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411025612/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/385313148/ |archive-date=April 11, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times |pages=Part IV, p. 1 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> [[Stanley Kubrick]] supposedly said that the film was "great, but not funny."<ref>{{cite book| editor1-last=Ciment |editor1-first=Michel |editor2-last=Adair |editor2-first=Gilbert |editor3-last=Bononno |editor3-first=Robert |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=apbst3-ZYNoC&pg=PA297 |chapter=Interview: Jack Nicholson |title=Kubrick: The Definitive Edition |page=297 |location=New York |publisher=Faber & Faber |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-571-21108-1}}</ref>

=== 1981–1990: Stardom ===
Spielberg produced ''[[Used Cars]]'' (Zemeckis, 1980), which was a critical but not a commercial success. He directed ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' (1981), with a screenplay by [[Lawrence Kasdan]] based on a story by [[George Lucas]] and [[Philip Kaufman]]. They considered it an homage to the [[serial film|serials]] of the 1930s and 1940s.''{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=312}}'' It starred [[Karen Allen]] as [[Marion Ravenwood]] and [[Harrison Ford]] as [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]]. Filmed in [[La Rochelle]], [[Hawaii]], [[Tunisia]] and [[Elstree Studios]], England, the shoot was difficult but Spielberg said it helped him hone his business acumen.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=32}} The film was a box office success{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=33}} and won Academy Awards for [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction]] ([[Norman Reynolds]], [[Leslie Dilley]], and [[Michael D. Ford]]); [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]] ([[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn)]]; [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Bill Varney]], [[Steve Maslow]], [[Gregg Landaker]], and [[Roy Charman]]); [[Academy Award for Best Sound Editing|Best Sound Editing]] (Ben Burtt and [[Richard L. Anderson (sound effects editor)|Richard L. Anderson]]); and [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]] ([[Richard Edlund]], [[Kit West]], [[Bruce Nicholson]], and [[Joe Johnston]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 54th Academy Awards {{!}} 1982 |work=Oscars.org &#124; Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1982 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417060317/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1982 |archive-date=April 17, 2018 |access-date=December 18, 2020 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] wrote that "''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' is an out-of-body experience, a movie of glorious imagination and breakneck speed that grabs you in the first shot, hurtles you through a series of incredible adventures, and deposits you back in reality two hours later -- breathless, dizzy, wrung-out, and with a silly grin on your face... For locations, it ticks off the jungles of South America, the hinterlands of Tibet, the deserts of Egypt, a hidden submarine base, an isolated island, a forgotten tomb -- no, make that two forgotten tombs -- and an American archaeology classroom. For villains, it has sadistic Nazis, slimy gravediggers, drunken Sherpas, and scheming Frenchmen. For threats, it climaxes with the wrath of God, and leads up to that spectacular development by easy stages, with tarantulas, runaway boulders, hidden spears, falling rock slabs, burning airplanes, runaway trucks, sealed tombs, and snakes. Lots of snakes."<ref>{{cite news| last=Ebert| first=Roger| title=''Raiders of the Lost Ark''| date=1981| work=Chicago Sun-Times| url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1981| access-date=November 20, 2023| archive-date=December 15, 2016| archive-url=https://archive.today/20161215224654/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1981| url-status=live}}</ref> ''Raiders'' was the first film in the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' franchise.

In 1982, Spielberg returned to science fiction with ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''. It tells the story of Elliot ([[Henry Thomas]]), a young boy who befriends an alien who was accidentally left behind by his companions and is attempting to return home. Spielberg eschewed [[storyboards]] so that his direction would be more spontaneous, and shot roughly in sequence so that the actors' performances would be authentic as they bonded with and said goodbye to [[E.T. (character)|E.T.]] ''E.T.'' premiered at the [[1982 Cannes Film Festival]] to an ecstatic reaction; producer [[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] recalled, "You couldn't hear the end of the movie because people were on their feet stomping and yelling [...] It was one of the most amazing experiences."{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=36}} A special screening was organized for [[Ronald Reagan|Ronald]] and [[Nancy Reagan]], who were emotional by the end.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=36}} ''E.T.'' grossed $700 million worldwide.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=36}} It won four Academy Awards: [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] ([[John Williams]]), Best Sound ([[Robert Knudson]], [[Robert Glass (sound engineer)|Robert Glass]], [[Don Digirolamo]], and [[Gene Cantamessa]]), Best Sound Editing ([[Charles L. Campbell]] and [[Ben Burtt]]), and Best Visual Effects ([[Carlo Rambaldi]], [[Dennis Muren]], and [[Kenneth F. Smith]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1983 |title=The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners |access-date=October 9, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/55th-winners.html |archive-date=September 5, 2012}}</ref> It was nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] but lost to ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]''; its director, [[Richard Attenborough]], said, "I was certain that not only would ''E.T.'' win, but that it should win. It was inventive, powerful, wonderful. I make more mundane movies."<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shay |first1=Don |last2=Duncan |first2=Jody |year=1993 |title=The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making |publisher=Boxtree |isbn=1-85283-774-8|page=122}}</ref> [[Pauline Kael]] wrote of E.T.: "His voice is ancient and otherworldly but friendly, humorous. And this scaly, wrinkled little man with huge, wide-apart, soulful eyes and a jack-in-the-box neck has been so fully created that he's a friend to us, too; when he speaks of his longing to go home the audience becomes as mournful as Elliot. Spielberg has earned the tears that some people in the audience—and not just children—shed. The tears are tokens of gratitude for the spell the picture has put on the audience. Genuinely entrancing movies are almost as rare as extraterrestrial visitors."<ref>{{Cite magazine| last=Kael| first= Pauline| date= June 14, 1982| title= ''E.T. The Extraterrestrial''| magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> Spielberg co-wrote and produced [[Poltergeist (1982 film)|''Poltergeist'']] (1982){{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=33}} and directed the "Kick The Can" segment in ''[[Twilight Zone: The Movie]].''<ref>{{cite web |last=Heitmueller |first=Karl |date=April 3, 2007 |title=Rewind: Major-Studio flicks that belong in the Grind House |url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1556111/story.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006102305/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1556111/story.jhtml |archive-date=October 6, 2008 |access-date=January 2, 2009 |website=[[MTV]] |publisher= |quote=Ultimate A-lister Steven Spielberg co-produced this big-budget adaptation of Rod Serling's classic '60s TV show....}}</ref>

[[File:Steven Spielberg with Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|right|Spielberg and [[Chandran Rutnam]] in Sri Lanka during the filming of ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'']]
His next directorial work was the ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' [[prequel]] ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' (1984). Working again with Lucas and Ford, the film was shot in the United States, Sri Lanka and China.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=42}} The film was darker than its predecessor, and led to the creation of the [[Motion Picture Association film rating system|PG-13 rating]] because some content was deemed unsuitable for children under 13.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=357}} Spielberg later said that he was unhappy with ''Temple of Doom'' because it lacked his "personal touches and love".{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=43}} Nonetheless, the film was a blockbuster hit,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0087469/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184130/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0087469/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=November 29, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> won the Academy Award for Best Special Effects and received mostly good reviews.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=43}} Kael preferred it to the original, writing: "Spielberg is like a magician whose tricks are so daring they make you laugh. He creates an atmosphere of happy disbelief: the more breathtaking and exhilarating the stunts are the funnier they are. Nobody has ever fused thrills and laughter in quite the way that he does here. He starts off at full charge in the opening sequence and just keeps going." She conceded that it was less "sincere" than ''Raiders'', adding "that's what is so good about it."<ref>{{cite magazine| last=Kael| first=Pauline| title=''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom''| date=June 11, 1984| magazine=The New Yorker|url= https://scrapsfromtheloft.com/movies/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-review-by-pauline-kael/}}</ref> It was on this project that Spielberg met his future wife, [[Kate Capshaw]], who played Willie Scott.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 18, 1947 |title=Steven Spielberg Biography |url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Steven-Spielberg-9490621 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514201106/https://www.biography.com/articles/Steven-Spielberg-9490621 |archive-date=May 14, 2011 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[Biography.com]] |publisher=}}</ref> Spielberg recalled, "The second film I could have done a lot better if there had been a different story. It was a good learning exercise for me to really throw myself into a black hole. I came out of the darkness of ''Temple Of Doom'' and I entered the light of the woman I was eventually going to marry and raise a family with."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-making-temple-doom/ |title=The Making of Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |date=September 10, 2012 |access-date=April 8, 2020 |archive-date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904050535/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-making-temple-doom/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[David Thomson (film critic)|David Thomson]] writes that "At first sight, the Spielberg of the eighties may seem more an impresario—or a studio, even—then a director."<ref name="Thomson 2004 848">{{cite book| last=Thomson| first=David| title=[[The New Biographical Dictionary of Film]]| year=2004| page=848}}</ref> In 1984, Spielberg, Kennedy and [[Frank Marshall (filmmaker)|Frank Marshall]] founded production company [[Amblin Entertainment]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=41}} Between 1984 and 1990, Spielberg served as either producer or executive producer on nineteen feature films,{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=380}} among them ''[[Gremlins]]'' ([[Joe Dante]], 1984), ''[[Back to the Future]]'' (Zemeckis, 1985), ''[[The Goonies]]'' ([[Richard Donner]], 1985), ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' (Zemeckis, 1988), ''[[Joe Versus the Volcano]]'' ([[John Patrick Shanley]], 1990), [[Arachnophobia (film)|''Arachnophobia'']] (Marshall, 1990) and [[Cape Fear (1991 film)|''Cape Fear'']] ([[Martin Scorsese]], 1991).<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine|title = This way to the children's crusade|first = Richard|last = Corliss|date = January 7, 1985|access-date = January 2, 2009|quote = he wrote the story and served as an executive producer of The Goonies....|url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959559,00.html|magazine = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-date = October 19, 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091019155426/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959559,00.html|url-status = dead}}</ref>''{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=105}}''{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=506}} For some films, such as ''[[Harry and the Hendersons]]'' and ''[[Young Sherlock Holmes]]'', the title "Steven Spielberg Presents" was in the opening credits.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=381}} Much of Spielberg's producing work was aimed at children and teens, including cartoons such as ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]'', ''[[Animaniacs]]'', ''[[Pinky and the Brain]]'', ''[[Freakazoid!]],'' and ''[[Family Dog (TV series)|Family Dog]].''{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=507}} Spielberg also produced [[Don Bluth]]'s animated features ''[[An American Tail]]'' and ''[[The Land Before Time (film)|The Land Before Time]].''{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=105}} In 1985, [[NBC]] offered Spielberg a two-year contract on a television series, ''[[Amazing Stories (1985 TV series)|Amazing Stories]];'' the show was marketed as a blend of ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' and ''[[Alfred Hitchcock Presents]]''. NBC gave Spielberg creative control and a budget of $1 million for each episode.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=389}} After two seasons and disappointing ratings, the show was not renewed.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=390}} Although Spielberg's involvement as a producer would vary widely from project to project, Zemeckis said that Spielberg would always "respect the filmmaker's vision".{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=384}} Over the next decade, Spielberg's record as a producer brought mixed critical and commercial results.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=384}} In 1992, Spielberg began to scale back producing, saying "Producing has been the least fulfilling aspect of what I've done in the last decade."{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=386}}

In the early 1980s, Spielberg befriended [[WarnerMedia#Warner Communications (1972–1990)|Warner Communications]] CEO [[Steve Ross (businessman)|Steve Ross]], which eventually resulted in him making films for Warner Bros.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=383}} This started with [[The Color Purple (1985 film)|''The Color Purple'']] (1985), an adaptation of [[Alice Walker]]'s [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning [[The Color Purple|novel of the same name]], about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America. It was Spielberg's first film on a dramatic subject matter, and he expressed reservations about tackling the project: "It's the risk of being judged-and accused of not having the sensibility to do character studies."{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=45}} Starring [[Whoopi Goldberg]] and [[Oprah Winfrey]], the film was a box office hit and critics started to take note of Spielberg's foray into drama.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=45}} Ebert named it the best film of the year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |date=December 20, 1985 |title=The Color Purple movie review (1985) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-color-purple-1985 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184117/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-color-purple-1985 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=November 27, 2020 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |language=en}}</ref> The film also received eleven Academy Award nominations, and Spielberg won [[Directors Guild of America Award|Best Director]] from the [[Directors Guild of America]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=45}} The film was produced and scored by [[Quincy Jones]].

As China underwent economic reform and opened up to the American film industry, Spielberg made ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]'' (1987), the first American film shot in [[Shanghai]] since the 1930s.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=395}} It is an adaptation of [[J. G. Ballard]]'s autobiographical [[Empire of the Sun (novel)|novel of the same name]] about Jamie Graham ([[Christian Bale]]), a young boy who goes from being the son of a wealthy British family in Shanghai to a [[prisoner of war]] in a Japanese [[internment camp]] during [[World War II]]. Critical reaction was mixed at the time of release; criticism ranged from the "overwrought" plot to Spielberg's downplaying of "disease and starvation".{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=397}}{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=398}} However, [[Andrew Sarris]] named it the best film of the year and later included it among the best of the decade.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sarris |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Sarris |title=Andrew Sarris' Top 10 lists 1958–2005 |url=http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~ejohnson/critics/sarris.html#y1977 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010210193008/http://alumnus.caltech.edu/~ejohnson/critics/sarris.html#y1977 |archive-date=February 10, 2001 |access-date=October 21, 2006 |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]] }}</ref> The film was nominated for six Academy Awards,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 60th Academy Awards {{!}} 1988 |date=December 4, 2015 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1988 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724211840/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1988 |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |access-date=November 27, 2020 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |language=en}}</ref> but was a disappointment at the box office; Ian Alterman of ''[[The New York Times]]'' thought it was overlooked by audiences.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alterman |first=Ian |date=March 29, 1989 |title=Oscar Nominations Again Snub Spielberg|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/29/opinion/l-oscar-nominations-again-snub-spielberg-544089.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184138/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/29/opinion/l-oscar-nominations-again-snub-spielberg-544089.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> Spielberg recalled that ''Empire of the Sun'' was one of his most enjoyable films to make.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=47}}

After directing ''The Color Purple'' and ''Empire of the Sun'', Spielberg intended to direct ''[[Rain Man]]'', but instead directed ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'' (1989) to meet his contractual obligations.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=400}} Producer Lucas and star Ford returned for the film. A longtime [[James Bond]] fan, Spielberg cast [[Sean Connery]] as Jones's father, [[Henry Jones, Sr]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=47}} Due to complaints about violence in ''Temple of Doom'', Spielberg toned down the darkness for the third installment.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=48}} ''Last Crusade'' received mostly positive reviews and was a box office success, earning $474 million; it was his biggest hit since ''E.T.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=403}}'' Biographer [[Joseph McBride (writer)|Joseph McBride]] wrote that it was a comeback for Spielberg, and Spielberg acknowledged the amount he has learned from making the ''Indiana Jones'' series.''{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=403}}'' Ebert wrote that "If there is just a shade of disappointment after seeing this movie, it has to be because we will never again have the shock of this material seeming new. ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', now more than ever, seems a turning point in the cinema of escapist entertainment, and there was really no way Spielberg could make it new all over again. What he has done is to take many of the same elements, and apply all of his craft and sense of fun to make them work yet once again. And they do."<ref>{{cite news| last=Ebert| first=Roger| title=Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade| date=May 24, 1989| work=Chicago Sun-Times}}</ref>

[[File:Steven Spielberg in 1990.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.85|Spielberg, March 1990]]
Also in 1989, he reunited with [[Richard Dreyfuss]] for the romantic drama ''[[Always (1989 film)|Always]]'', about an [[aerial firefighting|aerial firefighter]]. It is a modern remake of one of Spielberg's favorite childhood films, ''[[A Guy Named Joe]]'' (1943). The story was personal; he said "As a child I was very frustrated, and maybe I saw my own parents [in ''A Guy Named Joe'']. I was also short of girlfriends. And it stuck with me."''{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=406}}'' Spielberg had discussed the film with Dreyfuss back in 1975, with up to twelve drafts being written before filming commenced.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=48}} ''Always'' was commercially unsuccessful and received mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Always (1989) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/always |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184118/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/always |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |date=December 22, 1989 |publisher=[[Fandango Media]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=48}} [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The'' ''New York Times'' wrote, "''Always'' is filled with big, sentimental moments, it lacks the intimacy to make any of this very moving."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maslin |first=Janet |author-link=Janet Maslin |date=December 22, 1989 |title=Review/Film; ''Always'', Love and Death in a Wilderness|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/22/movies/review-film-always-love-and-death-in-a-wilderness.html |url-status=live |access-date=December 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184149/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/22/movies/review-film-always-love-and-death-in-a-wilderness.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>

=== 1991–1998: Established career ===
After a brief setback in which Spielberg felt "artistically stalled",{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=51}} he returned in 1991 with ''[[Hook (film)|Hook]]'', about a middle-aged [[Peter Pan]] ([[Robin Williams]]), who returns to [[Neverland]] and encounters [[Tinker Bell]] ([[Julia Roberts]]) and the eponymous [[Captain Hook]] ([[Dustin Hoffman]]). During filming, the stars clashed on set; Spielberg told ''[[60 Minutes]]'' that he would never work with Roberts again.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=52}} Nominated for five Academy Awards, the studio enjoyed the film but most critics did not; Thomson called it "maudlin."<ref name="Thomson 2004 848"/> Writing for ''[[The Washington Post]]'', [[Desson Howe]] described the film as "too industrially organized", and thought it mundane.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Howe |first=Desson |author-link=Desson Howe |date=December 13, 1991 |title=Hook |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/hookpghowe_a0ae8a.htm |url-status=live |access-date=December 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184132/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/hookpghowe_a0ae8a.htm |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> At the box office, it earned over $300&nbsp;million worldwide from a $70&nbsp;million budget.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hook |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0102057/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |access-date=November 27, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815100151/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0102057/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1993, Spielberg served as an executive producer for the NBC science fiction series ''[[seaQuest DSV]];''{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=104}} the show was not a hit.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=380}} In 1994, he found success producing the medical drama ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=104}}

In 1993, Spielberg returned to the adventure genre with ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'', based on the 1990 [[Jurassic Park (novel)|novel of the same name]] by [[Michael Crichton]] (creator of ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]''), with a screenplay by Crichton and [[David Koepp]]. ''Jurassic Park'' is set on a fictional island near [[Costa Rica]], where a businessman ([[Richard Attenborough]]) has hired a team of geneticists to create a [[Animal theme park|wildlife park]] of [[De-extinction|de-extinct]] [[dinosaur]]s. In a departure from his usual order of planning, Spielberg and the designers [[storyboard]]ed certain sequences from the novel early on.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=419}} The film also used [[computer-generated imagery]] provided by [[Industrial Light & Magic]]; ''Jurassic Park'' was completed on time and became the highest-grossing film at the time, and won three Academy Awards.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=54}} The film's dominance during its theatrical run, as well as Spielberg's $250 million salary, made him self-conscious of his own success.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=424}}

[[File:Steven Spielberg - GianAngelo Pistoia 1.jpg|thumb|right|Spielberg receiving the [[Golden Lion]] by Italian filmmaker [[Gillo Pontecorvo]] at the [[50th Venice International Film Festival]], 1993]]
Also in 1993, Spielberg directed ''[[Schindler's List]]'', about [[Oskar Schindler]], a businessman who helped save 1,100 Jews from the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]].<ref>The screenplay, adapted from [[Thomas Keneally]]'s novel, was originally in the hands of fellow director [[Martin Scorsese]], but Spielberg negotiated with Scorsese to trade scripts. (At the time, Spielberg held the script for a remake of ''[[Cape Fear (1962 film)|Cape Fear]]''.)</ref> Based on ''[[Schindler's Ark]]'' by [[Australia]]n novelist [[Thomas Keneally]], Spielberg waited ten years to make the film as he did not feel "mature" enough.{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=32}} He wanted to embrace his heritage,{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=55}}{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=18}} and after the birth of his son, Max, he said that "it greatly affected me [...] A spirit began to ignite in me, and I became a Jewish dad".{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=21}} Filming commenced on March 1, 1993, in Poland, while Spielberg was still editing ''Jurassic Park'' in the evenings.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=56}} To make filming "bearable", Spielberg brought his wife and children with him.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=415}} While ''Schindler's List'' was praised by most critics, some reviewers, including filmmaker [[Claude Lanzmann]], criticized the film for its weak representation of the Holocaust.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=434}} [[Imre Kertész]], a Hungarian author and [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] survivor, also disliked the film, saying, "I regard as [[kitsch]] any representation of the Holocaust that is incapable of understanding or unwilling to understand the organic connection between our own deformed mode of life and the very possibility of the Holocaust."<ref>{{Cite news |last=McAuley |first=James |date=March 31, 2016 |title=Imre Kertész, Nobel-winning novelist and Holocaust survivor, dies at 86|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/03/31/imre-kertesz-nobel-prize-winning-novelist-and-holocaust-survivor-dies-at-86/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184133/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/03/31/imre-kertesz-nobel-prize-winning-novelist-and-holocaust-survivor-dies-at-86/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> Against expectations, the film was a commercial success, and Spielberg used his percentage of profits to start the [[USC Shoah Foundation|Shoah Foundation]], a non-profit organization that archives [[Testimony|testimonies]] of Holocaust survivors.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=59}} ''Schindler's List'' won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, and Spielberg's first as Best Director.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=58}} It also won seven [[British Academy Film Awards|BAFTAs]], and three [[Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film in 1994 |url=http://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/film |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413005349/http://awards.bafta.org/award/1994/film |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website= |publisher=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Winners & Nominees 1994 |language=en |newspaper= |publisher=[[Golden Globe Awards]] |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1994 |url-status=live |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229195913/http://www.goldenglobes.com/winners-nominees/1994 |archive-date=February 29, 2016}}</ref> According to the [[American Film Institute]], ''Schindler's List'' is one of the [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|100 best]] American films ever made.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIES |url=https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-movies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422032506/https://www.afi.com/afis-100-years-100-movies/ |archive-date=April 22, 2020 |access-date=December 11, 2020 |website=[[American Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 1994, Spielberg took a break from directing to spend more time with his family, and set up his new film studio, [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]], with [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] and [[David Geffen]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=442}}{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=59}} Spielberg cited more creative control and distribution improvements as the main reasons for founding his own studio;{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=445}} he and his partners compared themselves to the founders of [[United Artists]] back in 1919.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=60}} DreamWorks' investors included [[Microsoft]] founders [[Paul Allen]] and [[Bill Gates]].{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=55}} After founding DreamWorks, Spielberg continued to operate Amblin Entertainment and direct films for other studios.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=61}} Besides film, Spielberg helped design a ''Jurassic Park''-themed attraction at [[Universal Orlando]] in Florida.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=65}} The workload of filmmaking and operating a studio raised questions about his commitments, but Spielberg maintained that "this is all fitting nicely into my life and I'm still home by six and I'm still home on the weekends."{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=447}}

After his hiatus, he returned to directing with a sequel to ''Jurassic Park'', ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]'' (1997). A loose adaptation of Michael Crichton's novel ''[[The Lost World (Crichton novel)|The Lost World]]'', the plot follows mathematician Ian Malcolm ([[Jeff Goldblum]]) and his researchers who study dinosaurs at a Jurassic Park island, and are confronted by another team with a different agenda. This time, Spielberg wanted the onscreen creatures to be more realistic than in the first film; he used 3D storyboards, computer imagery and robotic puppets.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=66}} Budgeted at $73 million,{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=67}} ''The Lost World: Jurassic Park'' opened in May 1997 and was one of the highest grossing [[1997 in film|films of the year]].{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=247}} The ''[[The Village Voice|Village Voice]]'' critic opined that ''The Lost World'' was "better crafted but less fun" than the first film, while ''[[The Guardian]]'' wrote "It looks like a director on autopilot [...] The special effects brook no argument."{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=247}}

His 1997 feature ''[[Amistad (film)|Amistad]]'' his first released under DreamWorks, was based on the true story of the events in 1839 aboard the slave ship ''[[La Amistad]]''. Producer [[Debbie Allen]], who had read the book ''Amistad I'' in 1978, thought Spielberg would be perfect to direct.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=68}} Spielberg was hesitant taking on the project, afraid that it would be compared to ''Schindler's List'', but he said, "I've never planned my career [...] In the end I do what I think I gotta do."{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=68}} Starring [[Morgan Freeman]], [[Anthony Hopkins]], [[Djimon Hounsou]] and [[Matthew McConaughey]], Spielberg used Allen's ten years worth of research to reenact the difficult historical scenes.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=67}}{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=252}} The film struggled to find an audience, and underperformed at the box office;{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=69}} Spielberg admitted that "[''Amistad''] became too much of a history lesson."{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=258}}

[[File:Steven Spielberg 1999.jpg|thumb|left|Spielberg speaking at the Pentagon on August 11, 1999, after receiving the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service]]
Spielberg's 1998 release was [[World War II]] epic ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'', about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Captain Miller ([[Tom Hanks]]) sent to bring home a [[paratrooper]] whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours of the [[Normandy landings|Normandy]] landing. Filming took place in England, and [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine]] [[Dale Dye]] was hired to train the actors and keep them in character during the combat scenes. Halfway through filming, Spielberg reminded the cast that they were making a tribute to thank "your grandparents and my dad, who fought in [the war]".{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=72}} Upon release, critics praised the direction and its realistic portrayal of war.{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=274}} The film grossed a successful $481&nbsp;million worldwide,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saving Private Ryan |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120815/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184121/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120815/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=November 30, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> and Spielberg won a second Academy Award for Best Director.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=73}} In August 1999, Spielberg and Hanks were awarded the [[Army Distinguished Public Service Medal|Distinguished Public Service Medal]] from [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] [[William Cohen|William S. Cohen]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=72}}{{Sfn|Horn|2002|p=39}} [[Roger Ebert]] wrote "Spielberg knows how to make audiences weep better than any director since [[Charlie Chaplin|Chaplin]] in ''[[City Lights]].'' But weeping is an incomplete response, letting the audience off the hook. This film embodies ideas. After the immediate experience begins to fade, the implications remain and grow."<ref>{{cite news| last=Ebert| first=Roger| date=July 24, 1998| title=Saving Private Ryan| work=The Chicago Sun-Times| url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/saving-private-ryan-1998| access-date=November 23, 2023| archive-date=December 18, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218225912/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/saving-private-ryan-1998| url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 1999–2012: Career expansion ===
In 2001, Spielberg and [[Tom Hanks]] produced [[Band of Brothers (TV miniseries)|''Band of Brothers'']], a ten-part [[HBO]] miniseries based on [[Stephen E. Ambrose]]'s [[Band of Brothers (book)|book of the same name]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=73}} It follows [[E Company, 506th Infantry Regiment (United States)|Easy Company]] of the [[101st Airborne Division]]'s 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The series won a Golden Globe for [[Golden Globe Award for Best Miniseries or Television Film|Best Miniseries]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Band of Brothers |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/tv-show/band-brothers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184122/https://www.goldenglobes.com/tv-show/band-brothers |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 1, 2020 |website= |publisher=[[Golden Globe Awards]] |language=en}}</ref> That same year, Spielberg returned to science fiction with ''[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]'', a loose adaptation of [[Brian Aldiss]]'s 1969 short story "[[Supertoys Last All Summer Long]]". [[Stanley Kubrick]] had first asked Spielberg to direct the feature in 1979. Spielberg tried to make it in the style that Kubrick would have,{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=74}} though with mixed results according to some critics.{{Sfn|Horn|2002|p=40}} The plot revolves around an [[android (robot)|android]], David ([[Haley Joel Osment]]) who, like [[Pinocchio]], dreams of being a "real boy". Critics thought Spielberg directed with "sentimentality",{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=75}} and [[Roger Ebert]] wrote, "Here is one of the most ambitious films of recent years [...] but it miscalculates in asking us to invest our emotions in a character, a machine."{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=109}} The film won five [[Saturn Awards]],{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=75}} and grossed $236&nbsp;million worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A.I. Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0212720/ |access-date=December 1, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622160206/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0212720/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Jonathan Rosenbaum]] highly praised the film: "If the best movies are often those that change the rules, Steven Spielberg’s sincere, cockeyed, serious, and sometimes masterful realization of Stanley Kubrick’s ambitious late project deserves to be a contender... If ''A.I. Artificial Intelligence'' — a film whose split personality is apparent even in its two-part title — is as much a Kubrick movie as a Spielberg one, this is in large part because it defamiliarizes Spielberg, makes him strange. Yet it also defamiliarizes Kubrick, with equally ambiguous results — making his unfamiliarity familiar. Both filmmakers should be credited for the results — Kubrick for proposing that Spielberg direct the project and Spielberg for doing his utmost to respect Kubrick’s intentions while making it a profoundly personal work."<ref>{{cite news| last=Rosenbaum| first=Jonathan| date=July 13, 2001| title=The Best of Both Worlds| work=The Chicago Reader| url=https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2021/08/the-best-of-both-worlds/| access-date=November 23, 2023| archive-date=November 23, 2023| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123192533/https://jonathanrosenbaum.net/2021/08/the-best-of-both-worlds/| url-status=live}}</ref> [[A. O. Scott]] called it "the best fairy tale -- the most disturbing, complex and intellectually challenging boy's adventure story -- Mr. Spielberg has made" and chose it as the best film of the year.<ref>{{cite news| last=Scott| first= A. O.| title=Do Androids Long For Mom?| date=June 29, 2001| work=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/29/movies/film-review-do-androids-long-for-mom.html}}</ref>

Spielberg followed ''A.I.'' with the sci-fi [[neo-noir]] ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' (2002), based on [[Philip K. Dick]]'s [[The Minority Report|the short story of the same name]] about a group of investigators who try to prevent crimes before they are committed. The film received critical acclaim. Ebert named ''Minority Report'' the best film of 2002, praising its craftsmanship: "here is Spielberg using every trick in the book and matching them without seams, so that no matter how he's achieving his effects, the focus is always on the story and the characters...Some directors place their trust in technology. Spielberg, who is a master of technology, trusts only story and character, and then uses everything else as a workman uses his tools."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20020621/REVIEWS/206210304/1023|title=Minority Report|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=June 21, 2002|work=Chicago Sun-Times|access-date=April 10, 2018|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=February 5, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130205082300/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20020621%2FREVIEWS%2F206210304%2F1023|url-status=live}}</ref> However, critic [[Todd McCarthy]] thought there was not enough action.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=79}} The film earned over $358&nbsp;million worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minority Report |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0181689/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805070836/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0181689/ |archive-date=August 5, 2021 |access-date=December 1, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> That same year, he released ''[[Catch Me If You Can]]'', based on the [[Catch Me If You Can (book)|book of the same name]] by con-artist [[Frank Abagnale]]. [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] played Abangale; [[Christopher Walken]] and Tom Hanks also starred. Spielberg said, "I have always loved movies about sensational rogues—they break the law, but you just have to love them for the moxie."{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=80}} The film was a critical and commercial success.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=82}}

Spielberg worked with Hanks, [[Catherine Zeta-Jones]] and [[Stanley Tucci]] in 2004's ''[[The Terminal]]'', a lighthearted comedy about an Eastern European man stranded in an airport. The film was praised for its production design and was a commercial success, although reviews were mixed.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=83}} In 2005, Spielberg directed ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]],'' a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks, based on [[H. G. Wells]]'s [[The War of the Worlds|novel of the same name]]; Spielberg had been a fan of the book and of [[George Pal]]'s [[The War of the Worlds (1953 film)|1953 film]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=War of the Worlds – Production Notes |url=http://www.waroftheworlds.com/productionnotes/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727213403/http://www.waroftheworlds.com/productionnotes/index.html |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website= |publisher=[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]}}</ref> Starring Tom Cruise and [[Dakota Fanning]], the film follows an American [[Stevedore|dock worker]] who is forced to look after his children, from whom he lives separately, as he tries to protect and reunite them with their mother when extraterrestrials invade Earth. Spielberg used storyboards to help the actors react to computer imagery that they could not see and used natural lighting and camerawork to avoid an "over stylized" science fiction picture.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=84}} Upon release, the film was a box office hit, grossing over $600&nbsp;million worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=War of the Worlds |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0407304/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829151404/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0407304/ |archive-date=August 29, 2021 |access-date=November 27, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>

Spielberg's ''[[Munich (2005 film)|Munich]]'' (2005) is about the Israeli government's secret retaliation after eleven Israeli Olympic athletes were kidnapped and murdered in the 1972 [[Munich Massacre|Munich massacre]]. The film is based on ''[[Vengeance (Jonas book)|Vengeance]]'', a book by Canadian journalist [[George Jonas]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=86}} It was previously adapted for the screen in the 1986 television film ''[[Sword of Gideon]]''. Spielberg, who personally remembers the incident, sought advice from former president [[Bill Clinton]], among others, before making the film because he did not want to cause further problems in the Middle East.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=86}} Although the film garnered mostly positive reviews, some critics perceived it as anti-Semitic;{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=87}} it is one of Spielberg's most controversial films to date.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Melman |first1=Yossi |author-link=Yossi Melman |last2=Hartov |first2=Steven |author-link2=Steven Hartov |date=January 17, 2006 |title=Munich: Fact and Fantasy |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/jan/17/israelandthepalestinians.world |url-status=live |access-date=February 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728163025/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2006/jan/17/israelandthepalestinians.world |archive-date=July 28, 2020}}</ref> ''Munich'' received five Academy Awards nominations: Best Picture, Best Film Editing, [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay|Best Adapted Screenplay]], and Best Director for Spielberg. It was his sixth Best Director nomination, and fifth Best Picture nomination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 78th Academy Awards {{!}} 2006 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001074434/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/78th-winners.html |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |access-date=November 27, 2020 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Edge|2008|p=102}}

[[File:2009libertymedal.JPG|thumb|Spielberg with Bill Clinton, 2009]]
In the mid-2000s, Spielberg scaled down his directing career and became more selective about film projects to undertake.{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=60}} In December 2005, Spielberg and his partners sold DreamWorks to media conglomerate [[Viacom (2005–2019)|Viacom]] (now known as [[Paramount Global]]). The sale was finalized in February 2006.{{Sfn|Edge|2008|p=102}} In June 2006, Spielberg planned to make ''[[Interstellar (film)|Interstellar]]'', but abandoned the project, which was eventually directed by [[Christopher Nolan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Child |first=Ben |date=January 10, 2013 |title=Christopher Nolan's next film mission to go Interstellar |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/10/christopher-nolan-next-film-interstellar |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184122/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/10/christopher-nolan-next-film-interstellar |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> During this period, Spielberg remained active as a producer; producing 2005's ''[[Memoirs of a Geisha (film)|Memoirs of a Geisha]]'', an adaptation of [[Arthur Golden]]'s [[Memoirs of a Geisha|novel of the same name]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=103}} Spielberg and [[Robert Zemeckis]] executive-produced the animated film ''[[Monster House (film)|Monster House]]'' (2006), marking their eighth collaboration. He also worked with [[Clint Eastwood]] for the first time, co-producing 2006's ''[[Flags of Our Fathers (film)|Flags of Our Fathers]]'' and ''[[Letters from Iwo Jima]]'' with [[Robert Lorenz]]. Spielberg served as executive producer for 2007's ''[[Disturbia (film)|Disturbia]],'' and the ''[[Transformers (film)|Transformers]]'' film series.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=103}} In that same year, Spielberg and [[Mark Burnett (executive producer)|Mark Burnett]] co-produced ''[[On the Lot]],'' a reality and competition show about filmmaking.{{Sfn|Edge|2008|p=102}}

Spielberg returned to the ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' series in 2008 with the fourth installment, ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]].'' Released nineteen years after ''Last Crusade'', the film is set in 1957, pitting Indiana Jones ([[Harrison Ford]]) against [[KGB|Soviet agents]] led by Irina Spalko ([[Cate Blanchett]]), searching for a [[telepath]]ic [[crystal skull]]. [[Principal photography]] was complete in October 2007, and the film was released on May 22, 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 18, 2007 |title=New Indy Adventure Begins Shooting |publisher=[[Indiana Jones|IndianaJones.com]] |url=http://www.indianajones.com/community/news/news20070618.html |access-date=June 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621003713/http://indianajones.com/community/news/news20070618.html |archive-date=June 21, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Green |first=Willow |date=August 21, 2006 |title=Spielberg, Ford and Lucas on Indy IV |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/spielberg-ford-lucas-indy-iv/ |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-date=December 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216150243/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/spielberg-ford-lucas-indy-iv/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This was his first film not released by DreamWorks since 1997.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Masters|first1=Kim|date=June 15, 2016|title=Steven Spielberg on DreamWorks' Past, Amblin's Present and His Own Future|work=The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/steven-spielberg-dreamworks-past-amblins-902544|access-date=July 11, 2016|archive-date=December 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217200120/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/steven-spielberg-dreamworks-past-amblins-902544|url-status=live}}</ref> The film received generally favorable reviews from critics, but some fans were disappointed by the introduction of science fiction elements which were uncharacteristic of the previous films.{{Sfn|Hook|2010|p=90}}{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=60}} Writing for ''[[The Age]]'', Tom Ryan praised Spielberg and George Lucas for their realistic 1950s setting—"The energy on display is impressive".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Tom |date=May 23, 2008 |title=Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/movies/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-20080524-ge73zx.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184141/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/movies/indiana-jones-and-the-kingdom-of-the-crystal-skull-20080524-ge73zx.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[The Age]] |language=en}}</ref> It was a box office success, grossing $790&nbsp;million worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0367882/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184127/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0367882/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 2, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>

In early 2009, Spielberg shot the first film in a planned trilogy of [[motion capture]] films based on [[Hergé]]'s ''[[The Adventures of Tintin]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGrath |first=Charles |date=December 23, 2009 |title=The Man Behind Boy, Dog and Their Adventures |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/23/books/23book.html |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-date=June 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611201030/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/23/books/23book.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn]]'' was co-produced by [[Peter Jackson]] and premiered in [[Brussels]], Belgium.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2011 |title=Tintin fans flock to Belgian film premiere |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8844394/Tintin-fans-flock-to-Belgian-film-premiere.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027062708/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/8844394/Tintin-fans-flock-to-Belgian-film-premiere.html |archive-date=October 27, 2011 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> The film was released in North American theaters on December 21, in [[Digital 3D]] and [[IMAX 3D|IMAX]].<ref name="reldates">{{cite web |title=The Adventures of Tintin Official Movie Site |url=http://www.us.movie.tintin.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013183713/http://www.us.movie.tintin.com/ |archive-date=October 13, 2011 |access-date=October 13, 2011 |publisher=[[Paramount Pictures]]}}</ref> It received generally positive reviews from critics<ref>{{cite web |title=The Adventures of Tintin |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_adventures_of_tintin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605050100/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_adventures_of_tintin |archive-date=June 5, 2020 |access-date=April 12, 2012 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |date=December 21, 2011 |publisher=[[Fandango Media]]}}</ref> and grossed over $373&nbsp;million worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Adventures of Tintin |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0983193/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184127/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0983193/?ref_=bo_se_r_1 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> ''The Adventures of Tintin'' won [[Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film|Best Animated Feature]] at the [[69th Golden Globe Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adventures of Tintin, The |url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/adventures-tintin |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184127/https://www.goldenglobes.com/film/adventures-tintin |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website= |publisher=[[Golden Globe Awards]] |language=en}}</ref> It was the first non-[[Pixar]] film to win the award since the category was introduced.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Adventures of Tintin (Trivia)|website=[[IMDb]]|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0983193/trivia|access-date=April 12, 2012|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035614/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0983193/trivia|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Steven Spielberg Masterclass Cinémathèque Française 2 cropped.jpg|thumb|Spielberg at his masterclass at the [[Cinémathèque Française]] in January 2012|upright=0.75]]
Spielberg followed ''Tintin'' with ''[[War Horse (film)|War Horse]]'', shot in England in the summer of 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Steven Spielberg pictured filming new blockbuster on Dartmoor |work=[[The Herald (Plymouth)|The Herald]] |url=http://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/SPIELBERG-FILMS-DARTMOOR/story-11666028-detail/story.html |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413041822/http://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/SPIELBERG-FILMS-DARTMOOR/story-11666028-detail/story.html |archive-date=April 13, 2016}}</ref> It was released four days after ''Tintin'', on December 25, 2011. The film is based on [[Michael Morpurgo]]'s 1982 [[War Horse (novel)|novel of the same name]] and follows the long friendship between a British boy and his horse Joey before and during [[World War I]].{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=64}} Distributed by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Walt Disney Studios]], with whom DreamWorks made a distribution deal in 2009, ''War Horse'' was the first of four consecutive Spielberg films released by Disney. ''War Horse'' had an acclaimed response from critics,{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=64}} and was nominated for six [[Academy Awards]], including Best Picture.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nominees and Winners for the 84th Academy Awards |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/84/nominees.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825202636/http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/84/nominees.html |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |access-date=April 12, 2012 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref> In his review for ''[[Salon (website)|Salon]]'' magazine, Andrew O'Hehir wrote, "at this point in his career Spielberg is pursuing personal goals, and everything that's terrific and overly flat and tooth-rottingly sweet about ''War Horse'' reflects that."<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hehir |first=Andrew |date=December 25, 2011 |title="War Horse": Spielberg's almost-great World War I epic |url=https://www.salon.com/2011/12/25/war_horse_spielbergs_almost_great_world_war_i_epic/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184135/https://www.salon.com/2011/12/25/war_horse_spielbergs_almost_great_world_war_i_epic/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[Salon.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

Spielberg returned to the World War II theme, co-producing the 2010 miniseries ''[[The Pacific (miniseries)|The Pacific]]'' with Tom Hanks and [[Gary Goetzman]]. The miniseries is centered on the battles in the [[Pacific War|Pacific Theater]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ziffer |first=Daniel |date=May 16, 2007 |title=Spielberg mini-series forms link with Seven |url=https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/spielberg-mini-series-forms-link-with-seven-20070516-ge4wdf.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184140/https://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/spielberg-mini-series-forms-link-with-seven-20070516-ge4wdf.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 13, 2020 |website=[[The Age]] |language=en}}</ref> The following year, Spielberg co-created ''[[Falling Skies]]'', a science fiction series on [[TNT (U.S. TV network)|TNT]], with [[Robert Rodat]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudolph |first=Ileane |date=June 28, 2011 |title=Steven Spielberg Talks Falling Skies and Upcoming TV Projects |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/steven-spielberg-talks-1034672/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184149/https://www.tvguide.com/news/steven-spielberg-talks-1034672/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[TV Guide]] |language=en}}</ref> Spielberg also produced the 2011 [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] series ''[[Terra Nova (TV series)|Terra Nova]]''. ''Terra Nova'' begins in the year 2149 when all life on the planet Earth is threatened with extinction resulting in scientists opening a door that allows people to travel back 85&nbsp;million years to prehistoric times.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schneider |first=Michael |date=December 11, 2006 |title=Spielberg takes development role in Fox TV projects |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/spielberg-takes-development-role-in-fox-tv-projects-1117955420/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303232045/https://variety.com/2006/scene/markets-festivals/spielberg-takes-development-role-in-fox-tv-projects-1117955420/ |archive-date=March 3, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=March 11, 2011 |title=Fox pushes back 'Terra Nova' to fall |url=https://ew.com/article/2011/03/11/fox-pushes-back-terra-nova-to-fall/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 |archive-date=February 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223183115/https://ew.com/article/2011/03/11/fox-pushes-back-terra-nova-to-fall/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In that same year, he produced [[J. J. Abrams]]'s ''[[Super 8 (2011 film)|Super 8]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bettinger |first=Brendan |date=May 4, 2010 |title=A Shot by Shot Description of the SUPER 8 Teaser Trailer; Steven Spielberg Is Producing, J.J. Abrams Is Directing |url=https://collider.com/a-shot-by-shot-description-super-8-teaser-trailer-steven-spielberg-producing-j-j-abrams-directing/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |publisher= |archive-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109202153/https://collider.com/a-shot-by-shot-description-super-8-teaser-trailer-steven-spielberg-producing-j-j-abrams-directing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Spielberg directed the historical drama ''[[Lincoln (film)|Lincoln]]'' (2012), starring [[Daniel Day-Lewis]] as President [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Sally Field]] as [[Mary Todd Lincoln]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Breznican |first=Anthony |date=April 13, 2011 |title=Steven Spielberg's 'Lincoln' gets its Mary Todd: Sally Field |url=https://ew.com/article/2011/04/13/spielbergs-lincoln-gets-its-mary-todd-sally-field/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=October 22, 2019 |archive-date=February 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207193943/https://ew.com/article/2011/04/13/spielbergs-lincoln-gets-its-mary-todd-sally-field/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Based on [[Doris Kearns Goodwin]]'s book ''[[Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln]]'' and written by [[Tony Kushner]], the film depicts the final four months of Lincoln's life. The film was shot in [[Richmond, Virginia]] in late 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last=Garbarek |first=Ben |date=May 9, 2011 |title=First casting calls for Steven Spielberg movie |url=http://www.nbc12.com/story/14601466/first-casting-calls-for-steven-spielberg-movie |access-date=July 20, 2011 |website=[[WWBT]] |publisher= |archive-date=October 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001220510/https://www.nbc12.com/story/14601466/first-casting-calls-for-steven-spielberg-movie/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and was released in the U.S. in November 2012.<ref>{{cite web |author=Fischer |first=Russ |date=November 19, 2010 |title=Daniel Day-Lewis to Star in Steven Spielberg's 'Lincoln' |url=https://www.slashfilm.com/daniel-day-lewis-lincoln-steven-spielberg/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |work=[[/Film]] |archive-date=November 21, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121003803/https://www.slashfilm.com/daniel-day-lewis-lincoln-steven-spielberg/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Lincoln'' was acclaimed and earned more than $250 million worldwide.{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=65}} It was nominated for twelve Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director,<ref>{{cite web |title=The 85th Academy Awards {{!}} 2013 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502002219/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2013 |archive-date=May 2, 2019 |access-date=March 3, 2013 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]}}</ref> winning [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design]] and [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] for Day-Lewis's performance.{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=64}} Donald Clarke from ''[[The Irish Times]]'' praised the direction: "Against the odds, Spielberg makes something genuinely exciting of the backstage wheedling."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clarke |first=Donald |date=January 25, 2013 |title=The real deal |language=en |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/the-real-deal-1.966493 |url-status=live |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184148/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/film/the-real-deal-1.966493 |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>

=== 2013–present: Recent work ===
[[File:Steven_Spielberg_Cannes_2013_2.jpg|thumb|left|Spielberg at Cannes Film Festival in 2013]]
It was announced on May 2, 2013, that Spielberg would direct ''[[American Sniper]],''<ref>{{cite news |last=Zeitchik |first=Steven |date=May 2, 2013 |title=Steven Spielberg, Bradley Cooper to team for 'American Sniper' |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-steven-spielberg-bradley-cooper-to-team-on-american-sniper-20130502,0,6075950.story |access-date=May 3, 2013 |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190103/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-steven-spielberg-bradley-cooper-to-team-on-american-sniper-20130502,0,6075950.story |url-status=live }}</ref> but he left the project before production began.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=August 5, 2013 |title=Steven Spielberg, DreamWorks Part Ways With 'American Sniper' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/steven-spielberg-american-sniper-1200566895/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-date=August 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807194403/https://variety.com/2013/film/news/steven-spielberg-american-sniper-1200566895/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Instead, he directed 2015's ''[[Bridge of Spies (film)|Bridge of Spies]]'', a [[Cold War]] thriller based on the [[1960 U-2 incident]], and focusing on [[James B. Donovan]]'s negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot [[Gary Powers]] after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The screenplay was by the [[Coen brothers]], and the film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as [[Mark Rylance]], [[Amy Ryan]], and [[Alan Alda]].<ref name="June14dates">{{cite magazine|last1=Bahr|first1=Lindsey|title=Steven Spielberg's Cold War thriller and 'The BFG' snag release dates|url=https://ew.com/article/2014/06/16/steven-spielberg-cold-war-bfg/|access-date=October 22, 2019|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=June 16, 2014|archive-date=August 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808014355/https://ew.com/article/2014/06/16/steven-spielberg-cold-war-bfg/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was filmed in the fall of 2014 in New York City, Berlin and [[Wrocław|Wroclaw]], and was released on October 16.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Tom Hanks-Steven Spielberg Cold War Thriller Set for Oct. 16, 2015|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/tom-hanks-steven-spielberg-cold-war-thriller-set-for-oct-16-2015-1201221269/|access-date=June 6, 2014|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=June 16, 2014|archive-date=June 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620054618/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/tom-hanks-steven-spielberg-cold-war-thriller-set-for-oct-16-2015-1201221269/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=July 21, 2014|title=Amy Ryan, Alan Alda Join Tom Hanks in Steven Spielberg's Cold War Thriller|work=Variety|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/amy-ryan-alan-alda-join-tom-hanks-in-steven-spielbergs-cold-war-thriller-1201266172/|access-date=July 21, 2014|archive-date=August 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811073019/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/amy-ryan-alan-alda-join-tom-hanks-in-steven-spielbergs-cold-war-thriller-1201266172/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Bridge of Spies'' was popular with critics,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bridge of Spies |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bridge_of_spies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184153/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bridge_of_spies |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |date=October 16, 2015 |publisher=[[Fandango Media]]}}</ref> and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture; Rylance won [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]], becoming the second actor to win for a performance directed by Spielberg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 88th Academy Awards {{!}} 2016 |date=February 16, 2017 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108052548/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2019 |access-date=December 2, 2020 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |language=en}}</ref>

In 2016, Spielberg made ''[[The BFG (2016 film)|The BFG]],'' an adaptation of [[Roald Dahl]]'s [[The BFG|children's book]], starring newcomer [[Ruby Barnhill]], and [[Mark Rylance]] as the titular Big Friendly Giant. DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, and [[John Madden (director)|John Madden]] had intended to direct.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pulver |first=Andrew |date=April 28, 2014 |title=Steven Spielberg to tackle The BFG movie |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/28/steven-spielberg-bfg-movie-roald-dahl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184155/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/28/steven-spielberg-bfg-movie-roald-dahl |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was the last to be written by ''E.T.'' screenwriter [[Melissa Mathison]] before her death.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2014 |title=Steven Spielberg to direct The BFG |url=https://www.roalddahl.com/blog/2014/april/steven-spielberg-to-direct-the-bfg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184218/https://www.roalddahl.com/blog/2014/april/steven-spielberg-to-direct-the-bfg |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 2, 2020 |website=roalddahl.com}}</ref> It was co-produced and released by [[Walt Disney Pictures]], marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. ''The BFG'' premiered as an out-of-competition entry at the [[2016 Cannes Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/programmation/?date=2016-05-14|title=Programme|website=[[Cannes Film Festival|Festival de Cannes]]|access-date=December 1, 2017|archive-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118102457/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/programmation/?date|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tartaglione |first1=Nancy |last2=Jaafar |first2=Ali |date=April 14, 2016 |title=Cannes Film Festival 2016 Lineup: 'The BFG', 'Nice Guys', Penn, Refn, Almodóvar & More Confirmed; No Closing-Night Pic |url=https://deadline.com/2016/04/cannes-film-festival-2016-official-selection-lineup-full-list-1201736807/ |access-date=December 1, 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |archive-date=April 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414135414/https://deadline.com/2016/04/cannes-film-festival-2016-official-selection-lineup-full-list-1201736807/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and received a wide release in the U.S. on July 1, 2016.<ref name=June14dates /> ''The BFG'' welcomed fair reviews; Michael Phillips of ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' compared certain scenes to the works of [[Alfred Hitchcock]] and [[Stanley Kubrick]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Michael |date=June 29, 2016 |title='The BFG' review: Oscar-winner Rylance delightful to watch in Spielberg adaptation |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/sc-the-bfg-mov-rev-0628-20160628-column.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184205/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/sc-the-bfg-mov-rev-0628-20160628-column.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref> while ''[[Toronto Sun]]''{{'}}s Liz Braun thought that there were "moments of wonder and delight" but it was too long.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Braun |first=Liz |date=June 30, 2016 |title='The BFG' review: Steven Spielberg can't capture the magic of Roald Dahl |language=en-CA |newspaper=[[Toronto Sun]] |url=https://torontosun.com/2016/06/30/the-bfg-review-steven-spielberg-cant-capture-the-magic-of-roald-dahl |url-status=live |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184202/https://torontosun.com/2016/06/30/the-bfg-review-steven-spielberg-cant-capture-the-magic-of-roald-dahl |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>

A year later, Spielberg directed ''[[The Post (film)|The Post]]'', an account of ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'s}} printing of the ''[[Pentagon Papers]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=March 10, 2017 |title=Spielberg, Hanks & Streep's Pentagon Papers Pic A Contender In Next Oscar Race |url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/steven-spielberg-tom-hanks-meryl-streep-pentagon-papers-oscar-race-the-post-1202040913/ |access-date=March 30, 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |archive-date=March 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311032658/https://deadline.com/2017/03/steven-spielberg-tom-hanks-meryl-streep-pentagon-papers-oscar-race-the-post-1202040913/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Starring Tom Hanks and [[Meryl Streep]], production began in New York on May 30, 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last=Robbins |first=Caryn |date=June 6, 2017 |title=Production Underway on Spielberg's THE PAPERS, Starring Meryl Streep & Tom Hanks |url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Production-Underway-on-Spielbergs-THE-PAPERS-Starring-Meryl-Streep-Tom-Hanks-20170606 |access-date=December 1, 2017 |website=[[BroadwayWorld]] |archive-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203052623/https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Production-Underway-on-Spielbergs-THE-PAPERS-Starring-Meryl-Streep-Tom-Hanks-20170606 |url-status=live }}</ref> Spielberg stated his attraction to the project: "When I read the first draft of the script, this wasn't something that could wait three years or two years—this was a story I felt we needed to tell today."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Patrick |date=November 20, 2017 |title=Steven Spielberg on timely new film 'The Post': 'History is certainly repeating itself' |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2017/11/20/steven-spielberg-timely-new-film-the-post-history-certainly-repeating-itself/879965001/ |access-date=December 2, 2020 |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en-US |archive-date=November 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120160444/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2017/11/20/steven-spielberg-timely-new-film-the-post-history-certainly-repeating-itself/879965001/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film received a wide release on January 12, 2018.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Romano |first=Nick |date=April 22, 2017 |title=Steven Spielberg, Bryan Singer's Queen Film Land Awards Season Releases |url=https://ew.com/movies/2017/04/22/queen-bohemian-rhapsody-steven-spielberg-pentagon-papers-release-dates/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319085621/https://ew.com/movies/2017/04/22/queen-bohemian-rhapsody-steven-spielberg-pentagon-papers-release-dates/ |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |access-date=March 10, 2023}}</ref> ''The Post'' gained positive reception; the critic from the ''[[Associated Press]]'' thought "Spielberg infuses every scene with tension and life and the grandeur of the ordinary that he's always been so good at conveying."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahr |first=Lindsey |date=December 13, 2017 |title=Review: Spielberg, Streep and Hanks deliver in 'The Post' |url=https://apnews.com/article/1388c3e2044a4fa28c87d26043841c95 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184157/https://apnews.com/article/1388c3e2044a4fa28c87d26043841c95 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> In 2017, Spielberg and other filmmakers were featured in the [[Netflix]] documentary series ''[[Five Came Back (TV series)|Five Came Back]]'', which discussed the contributions of directors [[Frank Capra]], [[John Ford]], [[John Huston]], [[George Stevens]] and [[William Wyler]], about their war-related works. Spielberg also served as an executive producer.<ref>{{cite web |last=Busch |first=Anita |date=February 28, 2017 |title='Netflix's 'Five Came Back' With Spielberg, Coppola, Del Toro, Greengrass & Kasdan Drops Trailer – Watch |url=https://deadline.com/2017/02/five-came-back-netflix-trailer-spielberg-coppola-del-toro-greengrass-kasdan-1202026705/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301154837/http://deadline.com/2017/02/five-came-back-netflix-trailer-spielberg-coppola-del-toro-greengrass-kasdan-1202026705/ |archive-date=March 1, 2017 |access-date=December 1, 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]]}}</ref>

[[File:Ready Player One Japan Premiere Red Carpet Steven Spielberg (40713131765) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Spielberg promoting ''Ready Player One'' (2018) in Japan|upright=0.75]]
Spielberg directed the science fiction [[Ready Player One (film)|''Ready Player One'']] (2018), adapted from the [[Ready Player One|novel of the same name]] by [[Ernest Cline]]. It stars [[Tye Sheridan]], [[Olivia Cooke]], [[Ben Mendelsohn]], [[Lena Waithe]], [[T.J. Miller]], [[Simon Pegg]], and Mark Rylance. The plot takes place in 2045 when much of humanity uses [[virtual reality]] to escape the real world. ''Ready Player One'' began production in July 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Bryan |date=June 26, 2016 |title=New BFFs Spielberg, Rylance team up for 'The BFG' and big things beyond |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/06/26/bfg-steven-spielberg-mark-rylance/86164382/ |access-date=July 4, 2016 |website=[[USA Today]] |archive-date=November 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109205427/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/movies/2016/06/26/bfg-steven-spielberg-mark-rylance/86164382/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and was intended to be released on December 15, 2017,<ref>{{cite news |author=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=August 6, 2015 |title=Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' Slotted For December 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |url=https://deadline.com/2015/08/steven-spielbergs-ready-player-one-december-15-2017-release-warner-bros-1201493651/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807205734/http://deadline.com/2015/08/steven-spielbergs-ready-player-one-december-15-2017-release-warner-bros-1201493651/ |archive-date=August 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Busch |first=Anita |date=March 25, 2015 |title=Steven Spielberg To Direct Sci-Fi Cult Favorite 'Ready Player One'; Back At Warner Bros. |url=https://deadline.com/2015/03/ready-player-one-movie-steven-spielberg-ernest-cline-warner-bros-1201398299/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702031556/https://deadline.com/2015/03/ready-player-one-movie-steven-spielberg-ernest-cline-warner-bros-1201398299/ |archive-date=July 2, 2020 |access-date=February 19, 2020 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> but was moved to March 2018 to avoid competition with ''[[Star Wars: The Last Jedi]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=February 9, 2016 |title=Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' Pushed Back to Avoid 'Star Wars: Episode VIII' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/ready-player-one-steven-spielberg-star-wars-1201701175/ |access-date=February 9, 2016 |archive-date=July 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728161219/https://variety.com/2016/film/news/ready-player-one-steven-spielberg-star-wars-1201701175/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It premiered at the 2018 [[South by Southwest]] film festival.<ref>{{cite web |date=March 12, 2018 |title=Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' Premiere Hit With Technical Difficulties |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/spielbergs-ready-player-one-premiere-hit-with-technical-difficulties-1202723753/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807195445/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/spielbergs-ready-player-one-premiere-hit-with-technical-difficulties-1202723753/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Spielberg's direction was praised along with the action scenes and visual effects, but many critics thought the film was too long and overused 1980s nostalgia.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Nashawaty |first=Chris |date=March 26, 2018 |title=Here's what our critic thought of Steven Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' |url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/03/26/ready-player-one-review/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |language=EN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184206/https://ew.com/movies/2018/03/26/ready-player-one-review/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Burr |first=Ty |date=March 28, 2018 |title=Spielberg's 'Ready Player One' is much deeper than the trailers suggest |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2018/03/28/back-future-way-ready-player-one/BDgDfdTafFEWPJEcynLmJM/story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184159/https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/movies/2018/03/28/back-future-way-ready-player-one/BDgDfdTafFEWPJEcynLmJM/story.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2019, Spielberg filmed ''[[West Side Story (2021 film)|West Side Story]]'', an adaptation of the [[West Side Story|musical of the same name]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=March 5, 2014 |title='West Side Story' Remake For Steven Spielberg In Works At Fox – Deadline |url=https://www.deadline.com/2014/03/fox-revives-west-side-story-for-steven-spielberg-as-town-ponders-stacey-snider-move-and-dreamworks-future/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812010519/http://www.deadline.com/2014/03/fox-revives-west-side-story-for-steven-spielberg-as-town-ponders-stacey-snider-move-and-dreamworks-future/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It stars [[Ansel Elgort]] and [[Rachel Zegler]] in her film debut with [[Ariana DeBose]], [[David Alvarez (actor)|David Alvarez]], [[Mike Faist]] and [[Rita Moreno]] in supporting roles. Written by [[Tony Kushner]], the film stays true to the 1950s setting.<ref>{{cite news |last=Teeman |first=Tim |date=July 19, 2017 |title=Tony Kushner: Why I'm Writing a Play About Donald Trump |newspaper=[[The Daily Beast]] |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/tony-kushner-why-im-writing-a-play-about-donald-trump |url-status=live |access-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190211121938/http://www.thedailybeast.com/tony-kushner-why-im-writing-a-play-about-donald-trump |archive-date=February 11, 2019}}</ref> ''West Side Story'' was released in December 2021 to positive reviews and received seven [[Academy Award]] nominations including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]], and [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]].<ref name="nytimes-oscars">{{cite news |last=Cohn |first=Gabe |date=February 8, 2022 |title=2022 Oscars Nominees List |website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/08/movies/2022-oscars-nominees-list.html |access-date=February 8, 2022 |archive-date=February 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208132358/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/08/movies/2022-oscars-nominees-list.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Spielberg also received nominations from the [[Golden Globe Awards]], [[Directors Guild of America]], and [[Critics' Choice Movie Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palotta |first=Frank |date=December 10, 2021 |title=Spielberg and Oscar buzz could give 'West Side Story' a big opening weekend |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/10/media/west-side-story-box-office-analysis/index.html |access-date=December 10, 2021 |website=[[CNN]] |archive-date=December 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210193327/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/12/10/media/west-side-story-box-office-analysis/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' praised the choreography, stating that it "stunningly melds beauty and violence".<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 22, 2022 |title=''West Side Story'' and the magic of remakes |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |url=https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/01/22/west-side-story-and-the-magic-of-remakes |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211193907/https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/01/22/west-side-story-and-the-magic-of-remakes |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2022, Spielberg revealed that ''West Side Story'' would be the last musical he will direct.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=March 19, 2022 |title=Steven Spielberg on Producing: "The Smartest Thing I Do Is Hire Women" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/steven-spielberg-pga-hiring-women-1235115081/ |access-date=March 20, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US |archive-date=June 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611021057/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/steven-spielberg-pga-hiring-women-1235115081/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Spielberg's 2022 film ''[[The Fabelmans]]'' is a fictionalized account of his own adolescence, which he wrote with Tony Kushner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=J. Kim |date=May 4, 2021 |title=Steven Spielberg's Next Film Is Titled The Fabelmans, About a Young Spielberg |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/steven-spielberg-the-fabelmans-title-casting-call-young-spielberg |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en |archive-date=May 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504212238/https://www.ign.com/articles/steven-spielberg-the-fabelmans-title-casting-call-young-spielberg |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Gabriel LaBelle]] plays [[Sammy Fabelman]], a character inspired by Spielberg, while [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] plays Sammy's mother Mitzi Fabelman, [[Paul Dano]] plays Burt Fabelman, his father, [[Seth Rogen]] plays Bennie Loewy, Burt's best friend and co-worker who becomes Sammy's surrogate uncle, and [[Judd Hirsch]] as Mitzi's Uncle Boris.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=May 26, 2021 |title=Steven Spielberg Sets Newcomer Gabriel LaBelle To Star In Untitled Film Based On Director's Childhood |url=https://deadline.com/2021/05/steven-spielberg-gabriel-labelle-younger-spielberg-untitled-film-loosely-based-on-directors-childhood-1234763409/ |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |language=en-US |archive-date=May 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526170154/https://deadline.com/2021/05/steven-spielberg-gabriel-labelle-younger-spielberg-untitled-film-loosely-based-on-directors-childhood-1234763409/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=March 2, 2022 |title=Paul Dano on His Terrifying Batman Villain and Why He's No Longer Scared of Going Hollywood |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/paul-dano-the-batman-riddler-the-fabelmans-1235101919/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |archive-date=March 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306043855/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/paul-dano-the-batman-riddler-the-fabelmans-1235101919/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Filming began in Los Angeles in July 2021, and the film premiered at the [[2022 Toronto International Film Festival]] on September 10, Spielberg's first appearance at that festival.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hipes |first=Patrick |date=July 22, 2022 |title=Steven Spielberg's ''The Fabelmans'' To World Premiere At Toronto Film Festival |url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/the-fabelmans-premiere-toronto-film-festival-steven-spielberg-1235074987/ |access-date=July 22, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |archive-date=June 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611002922/https://deadline.com/2022/07/the-fabelmans-premiere-toronto-film-festival-steven-spielberg-1235074987/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It received widespread critical acclaim and won the festival's [[Toronto International Film Festival People's Choice Award|People's Choice Award]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=September 18, 2022 |title=Steven Spielberg's 'The Fabelmans' Wins Toronto International Film Festival's People's Choice Award |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/steven-spielberg-the-fabelmans-toronto-film-festival-peoples-choice-award-1235375979/ |access-date=October 14, 2022 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315105806/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/steven-spielberg-the-fabelmans-toronto-film-festival-peoples-choice-award-1235375979/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It received a limited theatrical release on November 11, 2022, by [[Universal Pictures]], before expanding wide on November 23.<ref>{{cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=December 6, 2021 |title=Steven Spielberg's ''The Fabelmans'', Based On Filmmaker's Childhood, Sets 2022 Theatrical Release |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/steven-spielbergs-the-fabelmans-based-on-filmmakers-childhood-sets-2022-theatrical-release-1234885646/ |access-date=December 6, 2021 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |archive-date=December 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206193423/https://deadline.com/2021/12/steven-spielbergs-the-fabelmans-based-on-filmmakers-childhood-sets-2022-theatrical-release-1234885646/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite the favorable critical reception, ''West Side Story'' and ''The Fabelmans'' were box office failures, which ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' suggested could be attributed to a decline in the popularity of Spielberg in a film-going environment altered by the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], and the public's loss of interest in [[Prestige picture|prestige films]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eriksen |first=Kaare |date=December 1, 2022 |title='Fabelmans' Fumble Points to Box-office Blues for Prestige Films |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/vip/fabelmans-fumble-points-to-box-office-blues-for-prestige-films-1235447094/ |access-date=December 16, 2022 |archive-date=December 16, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216182455/https://variety.com/vip/fabelmans-fumble-points-to-box-office-blues-for-prestige-films-1235447094/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''The Fabelmans'' received seven [[Academy Award]] nominations, including [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]], [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], and [[Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay|Best Original Screenplay]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=D'Alessandro |first1=Anthony |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Steven Spielberg On 'Fabelmans' Oscar Noms, His First Screenplay Nod, 'Indiana Jones' & Why Theatrical B.O. "Will Come Back" |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |url=https://deadline.com/2023/01/oscars-2023-steven-spielberg-the-fabelmans-indiana-jones-disney-series-1235239433/ |access-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315031030/https://deadline.com/2023/01/oscars-2023-steven-spielberg-the-fabelmans-indiana-jones-disney-series-1235239433/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sanchez |first=Gabrielle |date=March 13, 2023 |title=''The Banshees of Inisherin'', ''TÁR'', ''Elvis'', and ''The Fabelmans'' were all shut out of this year's Oscars |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |url=https://www.avclub.com/banshees-of-inisherin-tar-the-fabelmans-shut-out-oscars-1850218763 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313161025/https://www.avclub.com/banshees-of-inisherin-tar-the-fabelmans-shut-out-oscars-1850218763 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was, however, a major box office success in France and became the highest-rated film of the 21st century in the country, with a 4.9 average from critics on [[AlloCiné]] from 43 reviews, with all but 6 giving the film 5 stars. ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' wrote that Spielberg, at age 76, had "come to represent like no other, the idea of cinema as wonder, at a time when the relationship to the spectacular and the cinema seems more tormented than ever" and declared that the film will "undoubtedly remain the most important and singular film of his career."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-255726/critiques/presse/ |title=The Fabelmans |work=AlloCiné |access-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-date=March 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320144401/https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm-255726/critiques/presse/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/24/film-spielberg-the-fabelmans-reviews-french-critics-audiences |title='What a film!' Spielberg's The Fabelmans stuns French critics and audiences |first=Kim |last=Willsher |date=February 24, 2023 |work=The Guardian |access-date=March 28, 2023 |archive-date=June 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230612185754/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/24/film-spielberg-the-fabelmans-reviews-french-critics-audiences |url-status=live }}</ref>

Spielberg had planned to direct ''[[Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny]]'', but he stepped down and was replaced by [[James Mangold]]. Spielberg said that he would remain "hands on" as a producer,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vary |first1=Adam B. |last2=Kroll |first2=Justin |last3=Lang |first3=Brent |date=February 26, 2020 |title=Steven Spielberg Won't Direct 'Indiana Jones 5,' James Mangold in Talks to Replace (Exclusive) |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/steven-spielberg-indiana-jones-5-james-mangold-harrison-ford-1203515698 |access-date=February 26, 2020 |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226185816/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/steven-spielberg-indiana-jones-5-james-mangold-harrison-ford-1203515698/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Stolworthy |first=Jacob |date=October 1, 2020 |title=Indiana Jones 5 writer says Steven Spielberg quit as director because his ideas 'didn't work' |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/indiana-jones-5-steven-spielberg-quit-director-harrison-ford-release-date-trailer-b740989.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/indiana-jones-5-steven-spielberg-quit-director-harrison-ford-release-date-trailer-b740989.html |archive-date=May 25, 2022}}</ref> along with Kathleen Kennedy and [[Frank Marshall (producer)|Frank Marshall]]. In 2016, it was announced that it would be written by [[David Koepp]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=March 18, 2016 |title='Indiana Jones 5' Taps Writer David Koepp, a Steven Spielberg Regular |url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/indiana-jones-5-writer-david-koepp-1201733969/ |access-date=July 4, 2016 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=May 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512135313/https://variety.com/2016/film/news/indiana-jones-5-writer-david-koepp-1201733969/ |url-status=live }}</ref> with a release by Disney on July 19, 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=March 15, 2016|title=Steven Spielberg & Harrison Ford Team Up For 'Indiana Jones 5'; Disney Sets July 2019 Release|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]]|url=https://deadline.com/2016/03/steven-spielberg-harrison-ford-team-up-for-indiana-jones-5-disney-sets-july-2019-release-1201720725/|access-date=July 4, 2016|archive-date=July 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727051116/https://deadline.com/2016/03/steven-spielberg-harrison-ford-team-up-for-indiana-jones-5-disney-sets-july-2019-release-1201720725/|url-status=live}}</ref> After a change of filming and release dates,<ref>{{cite web |date=April 25, 2017 |title=Star Wars: Episode IX and Next Indiana Jones Get Release Dates |url=https://www.starwars.com/news/star-wars-episode-ix-and-next-indiana-jones-get-release-dates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425203226/http://www.starwars.com/news/star-wars-episode-ix-and-next-indiana-jones-get-release-dates |archive-date=April 25, 2017 |access-date=December 1, 2017 |website=[[StarWars.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Barfield |first=Charles |date=March 19, 2018 |title=Spielberg Confirms 'Indy 5' Will Begin Production In April 2019 |url=https://theplaylist.net/spielberg-indy-5-20180319/ |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=[[The Playlist]] |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807153132/https://theplaylist.net/spielberg-indy-5-20180319/ |url-status=live }}</ref> it was postponed again when [[Jonathan Kasdan]] was announced as the film's new writer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=June 28, 2018 |title=''Indiana Jones 5'' Will Miss 2020 Release Date (Exclusive) |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/indiana-jones-5-release-date-spielberg-harrison-ford-1202861005/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |archive-date=August 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813211544/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/indiana-jones-5-release-date-spielberg-harrison-ford-1202861005/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Soon after, a new release date of July 9, 2021, was announced.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClintock |first=Pamela |date=July 10, 2018 |title=Disney Pushes 'Indiana Jones 5' a Year to 2021, Dates 'Maleficent 2,' 'Jungle Cruise' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/indiana-jones-5-release-date-pushed-again-2021-1125975 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710225312/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/indiana-jones-5-release-date-pushed-again-2021-1125975 |archive-date=July 10, 2018 |access-date=July 10, 2018 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> In May 2019, [[Dan Fogelman]] was hired to write a new script, and Kasdan's story, focused on the [[Nazi gold train]], would not be used; the script was ultimately credited to Mangold, Koepp, [[Jez Butterworth]], and [[John-Henry Butterworth]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schmidt |first=Joe |date=May 1, 2019 |title=Indiana Jones 5 Gets New Writer, Abandoned Plot Details Revealed |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/indiana-jones-5-new-writer-abandoned-plot-details-revealed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184200/https://comicbook.com/movies/news/indiana-jones-5-new-writer-abandoned-plot-details-revealed/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 18, 2020 |website=[[ComicBook.com]] |language=en}}</ref> In April 2020, it was announced that the release of the film was delayed to July 29, 2022, due to the COVID-19 pandemic,<ref>{{cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=April 3, 2020 |title='Black Widow,' 'Eternals,' 'Indiana Jones 5' and More Disney Films Get New Release Dates |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2020/film/box-office/disney-mulan-black-widow-release-dates-coronavirus-1203550173 |access-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403231745/https://variety.com/2020/film/box-office/disney-mulan-black-widow-release-dates-coronavirus-1203550173 |url-status=live }}</ref> and in October 2021, the release date was again delayed to June 30, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=October 18, 2021 |title=Disney Delays 'Doctor Strange 2,' 'Thor 4,' 'Black Panther' Sequel and 'Indiana Jones 5' |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-delays-doctor-strange-thor-black-panther-1235091673/ |access-date=December 2, 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US |archive-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018154442/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/disney-delays-doctor-strange-thor-black-panther-1235091673/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film began production in the UK in June 2021<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wiseman |first1=Andreas |date=June 2, 2021 |title='Indiana Jones 5' to Begin Filming in the UK Next Week |newspaper=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |url=https://deadline.com/2021/06/indiana-jones-5-begin-filming-uk-next-week-harrison-ford-phoebe-waller-bridge-mads-mikkelsen-1234767764/ |access-date=March 9, 2023 |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602152223/https://deadline.com/2021/06/indiana-jones-5-begin-filming-uk-next-week-harrison-ford-phoebe-waller-bridge-mads-mikkelsen-1234767764/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and finished in February 2022.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lovett |first=Jamie |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Indiana Jones 5 Wraps Filming |url=https://comicbook.com/movies/news/indiana-jones-5-wraps-filming/ |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=[[ComicBook.com]] |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227152845/https://comicbook.com/movies/news/indiana-jones-5-wraps-filming/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2013, HBO confirmed that it was developing a third World War II miniseries based on the book [[Donald L. Miller#Masters of the Air|''Masters of the Air'']] by [[Donald L. Miller]] with Spielberg and Tom Hanks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guthrie |first=Marisa |date=January 18, 2013 |title=HBO Developing Third WWII Miniseries with Tom Hanks, Steven Spielberg (Exclusive) {{!}} Hollywood Reporter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/hbo-developing-third-wwii-miniseries-413632 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828141704/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/hbo-developing-third-wwii-miniseries-413632 |archive-date=August 28, 2014 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> ''[[NME]]'' reported in March 2017 that production was under the working title ''The Mighty Eighth''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Sam |date=March 1, 2017 |title=Production progresses on reported Spielberg/Tom Hanks HBO miniseries 'The Mighty Eighth' {{!}} NME |url=https://www.nme.com/news/the-mighty-eighth-filming-spielberg-tom-hanks-1998119 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184158/https://www.nme.com/news/the-mighty-eighth-filming-spielberg-tom-hanks-1998119 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> By 2019, it was confirmed development of the series, now titled ''[[Masters of the Air]]'', had moved to [[Apple TV+]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gonzalez |first=Sandra |date=October 11, 2019 |title='Masters of the Air' from Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks lands at Apple |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/11/entertainment/masters-of-air-steven-spielberg-tom-hanks-apple/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011204143/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/11/entertainment/masters-of-air-steven-spielberg-tom-hanks-apple/index.html |archive-date=October 11, 2019 |access-date=December 2, 2021 |website=[[CNN]] |language=en}}</ref> It premiered on January 26, 2024.

=== Upcoming projects ===
On June 21, 2021, it was announced that [[Amblin Entertainment]] signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the [[Streaming media|streaming service]]. Under the deal, Amblin is expected to produce at least two films a year for Netflix for an unspecified number of years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=June 21, 2021 |title=Steven Spielberg's Amblin Partners, Netflix Forge Film Deal in Sign of Changing Hollywood |url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/steven-spielberg-netflix-amblin-deal-1235001513/ |access-date=June 21, 2021 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en |archive-date=June 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621160323/https://variety.com/2021/film/news/steven-spielberg-netflix-amblin-deal-1235001513/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2022, ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' reported that Spielberg was developing an original film centered around the character Frank Bullitt, a fictional San Francisco police officer originally portrayed by [[Steve McQueen]] in the 1968 film ''[[Bullitt]]''. The screenplay is set to be written by [[Josh Singer]], who previously co-wrote ''The Post'' for Spielberg. McQueen's son [[Chad McQueen|Chad]] and granddaughter Molly will serve as executive producers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=February 25, 2022 |title=Steven Spielberg Developing New Movie Based on Classic Steve McQueen Character Frank Bullitt |url=https://deadline.com/2022/02/steven-spielbert-bullitt-at-warner-bros-and-amblin-1234960542/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227163824/https://deadline.com/2022/02/steven-spielbert-bullitt-at-warner-bros-and-amblin-1234960542/ |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |access-date=February 28, 2022 |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]]}}</ref> [[Bradley Cooper]] was cast as Bullitt in November 2022 and will also serve as producer alongside Spielberg and [[Kristie Macosko Krieger]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=November 17, 2022 |title=Bradley Cooper To Play Frank Bullitt In Steven Spielberg's New Original Movie Based On The Classic Steve McQueen Character |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/bradley-cooper-frank-bullitt-steven-spielberg-steve-mcqueen-1235168968/ |access-date=November 18, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |archive-date=November 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117210908/https://deadline.com/2022/11/bradley-cooper-frank-bullitt-steven-spielberg-steve-mcqueen-1235168968/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 18, 2023, Spielberg told press at a red carpet event for ''The Fabelmans'' that he was executive producing a documentary about John Williams, directed by [[Laurent Bouzereau]] with production companies Amblin Television, [[Imagine Entertainment|Imagine Documentaries]], and Nedland Media.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Linton |first=Siena |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Spielberg confirms a documentary on long-term friend John Williams is in the works |url=https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-genres/film-tv/spielberg-documentary-composer-john-williams/ |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=[[Classic FM (<span class="ltr">UK</span>)|Classic FM]] |language=en |archive-date=June 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607122832/https://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/periods-genres/film-tv/spielberg-documentary-composer-john-williams/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=January 20, 2023 |title=John Williams Documentary in the Works From Steven Spielberg's Amblin TV, Imagine |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-williams-documentary-in-the-works-from-steven-spielberg-1235305362/ |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US |archive-date=May 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521133927/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-williams-documentary-in-the-works-from-steven-spielberg-1235305362/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kreps |first=Daniel |date=January 20, 2023 |title=John Williams Documentary in the Works With Steven Spielberg Producing |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-news/john-williams-documentary-steven-spielberg-producing-1234665053/ |access-date=February 26, 2023 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |language=en-US |archive-date=February 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226010514/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-news/john-williams-documentary-steven-spielberg-producing-1234665053/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Wilson |date=January 20, 2023 |title=Steven Spielberg to Produce John Williams Documentary Film |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2023/01/steven-spielberg-john-williams-documentary-film-1234802148/ |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en |archive-date=February 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226010509/https://www.indiewire.com/2023/01/steven-spielberg-john-williams-documentary-film-1234802148/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Other executive producers for the film include [[Brian Grazer]], [[Ron Howard]], Darryl Frank, Justin Falvey, [[Justin Wilkes]], Sara Bernstein, and Meredith Kaulfers.<ref name=":2" /> The announcement came days after Williams suggested that he might not retire from film scoring as he had previously announced.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=January 13, 2023 |title=John Williams Walks Back Retirement Plans: 'Steven Spielberg Is Not a Man You Can Say No to' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2023/01/john-williams-not-retiring-steven-spielberg-1234799615/ |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en |archive-date=April 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424222805/https://www.indiewire.com/2023/01/john-williams-not-retiring-steven-spielberg-1234799615/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=January 14, 2023 |title=John Williams Startles Steven Spielberg by Telling Him He's Not Retiring After All |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/john-williams-steven-spielberg-not-retiring-conversation-american-cinematheque-1235489555/ |access-date=February 26, 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312025638/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/john-williams-steven-spielberg-not-retiring-conversation-american-cinematheque-1235489555/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2024 it was announced that Spielberg was developing a film based on [[Unidentified flying object|UFOs]], with [[David Koepp]] attached to pen the script, which will be based on an original idea from Spielberg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/martin-scorsese-frank-sinatra-biopic-dicaprio-jennifer-lawrence-1235973769/|last=Siegel |first=Tatiana| date=April 17, 2024 |title=Ageless Auteurs: Scorsese Eyes Frank Sinatra Biopic With Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Lawrence, Spielberg Tackling UFO Movie and More|access-date=April 27, 2024|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

===Prospective projects===
In May 2009, Spielberg bought the rights to the life story of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], with the intention of being involved as both the producer and director.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 19, 2009 |title=Steven Spielberg to direct Martin Luther King film |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/5351278/Steven-Spielberg-to-direct-Martin-Luther-King-film.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523122706/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/5351278/Steven-Spielberg-to-direct-Martin-Luther-King-film.html |archive-date=May 23, 2009}}</ref> However, the purchase was made from the King estate, led by son [[Dexter King|Dexter]], while the two other surviving children, the [[Bernice King|Reverend Bernice]] and [[Martin Luther King III|Martin III]], immediately threatened to sue, not having given their approvals to the project.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Itzkoff|first=Dave|author-link=Dave Itzkoff|date=May 20, 2009|title=King's Children May Sue Over Planned Biographical Film|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/20/kings-children-may-sue-over-planned-biographical-film/|access-date=December 24, 2022|archive-date=December 24, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224223927/https://archive.nytimes.com/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/20/kings-children-may-sue-over-planned-biographical-film/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2013, Spielberg announced that he was developing a miniseries based on the life of [[Napoleon]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Kellogg |first=Jane |date=March 3, 2013 |title=Steven Spielberg Developing Stanley Kubrick's 'Napoleon' as a Miniseries |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steven-spielberg-developing-stanley-kubricks-425771 |access-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-date=May 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518154114/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steven-spielberg-developing-stanley-kubricks-425771 |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2016, it was announced that [[Cary Joji Fukunaga]] is in talks to direct the miniseries for HBO, from a script by [[David Leland]] based on extensive research materials accumulated by Stanley Kubrick over the years.<ref>{{cite news|last=Holdsworth|first=Nick|date=May 20, 2016|title=Cary Fukunaga in Talks to Direct HBO Stanley Kubrick Mini 'Napoleon,' From Steven Spielberg|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/cary-fukunaga-talks-direct-hbo-895382|access-date=December 1, 2017|archive-date=February 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208144420/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/cary-fukunaga-talks-direct-hbo-895382|url-status=live}}</ref>

Spielberg was set to film an adaptation of [[David I. Kertzer]]'s ''The Kidnapping of [[Mortara case|Edgardo Mortara]]'' in early 2017, for release at the end of that year,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Mike Jr. |date=April 11, 2016 |title=Steven Spielberg Sets ''The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara'' Next; Tony Kushner Script, Mark Rylance Is Pope Pius IX |url=https://deadline.com/2016/04/steven-spielberg-the-kidnapping-of-edgardo-mortara-next-movie-mark-rylance-tony-kushner-1201735799/ |access-date=July 4, 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]] |archive-date=April 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412094023/https://deadline.com/2016/04/steven-spielberg-the-kidnapping-of-edgardo-mortara-next-movie-mark-rylance-tony-kushner-1201735799/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but production has been postponed. It was first announced in 2014, with Tony Kushner adapting the book for the screen.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=April 18, 2014 |title=Steven Spielberg Boards Religious Drama 'Edgardo Mortara' (Exclusive) |newspaper=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/steven-spielberg-tony-kushner-edgardo-mortara-1201157963/ |access-date=July 4, 2016 |archive-date=November 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121131520/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/steven-spielberg-tony-kushner-edgardo-mortara-1201157963/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mark Rylance, in his fourth collaboration with Spielberg, was announced to star in the role of [[Pope Pius IX]]. Spielberg saw more than 2,000 children to play the role of Edgardo Mortara.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming|first=Mike Jr.|date=January 19, 2018|title=Steven Spielberg Eyes Indiana Jones & 'West Side Story' Atop Next Directing Vehicles|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]]|url=https://deadline.com/2018/01/steven-spielberg-indiana-jones-west-side-story-directing-vehicles-1202262857/|url-status=live|access-date=January 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421084202/https://deadline.com/2018/01/steven-spielberg-indiana-jones-west-side-story-directing-vehicles-1202262857/|archive-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref> In 2015, it was announced that Spielberg was attached to direct an adaptation of American photojournalist [[Lynsey Addario]]'s memoir ''It's What I Do,'' with [[Jennifer Lawrence]] in the lead role.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chitwood |first=Adam |date=March 2, 2015 |title=Steven Spielberg to Direct Jennifer Lawrence in War Memoir Adaptation IT'S WHAT I DO |url=https://collider.com/steven-spielberg-jennifer-lawrence-lynsey-addario-movie/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]] |archive-date=March 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150305132220/https://collider.com/steven-spielberg-jennifer-lawrence-lynsey-addario-movie/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2018, it was announced that Spielberg would direct a film adaptation of the ''[[Blackhawk (DC Comics)|Blackhawk]]'' comic book series. Warner Bros. will distribute the film, with David Koepp writing the script.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kroll |first=Justin |date=April 17, 2018 |title=Steven Spielberg to Direct Film Adaptation of DC's 'Blackhawk' |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/steven-spielberg-blackhawk-dc-1202756319/ |access-date=December 19, 2020 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US |archive-date=April 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418093003/https://variety.com/2018/film/news/steven-spielberg-blackhawk-dc-1202756319/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Other ventures ==
===Production===
{{See also|Amblin Entertainment|DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks Animation|Amblin Partners}}

In 1984, Spielberg, Frank Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy founded production company [[Amblin Entertainment]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=41}} Between 1984 and 1990, Spielberg served as either producer or executive producer on nineteen feature films;{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=380}} these include: ''[[The Goonies]],'' ''[[The Money Pit]]'', ''[[Joe Versus the Volcano]],'' ''[[Batteries Not Included|*batteries not included]], [[Back to the Future]], [[Cape Fear (1991 film)|Cape Fear]], and [[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]].''<ref name="Corliss"/>''{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=105}}''{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=506}} In some films, such as ''[[Harry and the Hendersons]]'' and ''[[Young Sherlock Holmes]]'', the title "Steven Spielberg Presents" would be shown in the opening credits.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=381}} Much of Spielberg's producing work was aimed at children and teens, including cartoons such as ''[[Tiny Toon Adventures]]'', ''[[Animaniacs]]'', ''[[Pinky and the Brain]]'', ''[[Freakazoid!]],'' and ''[[Family Dog (TV series)|Family Dog]].''{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=507}} Spielberg also produced the [[Don Bluth]] animations, ''[[An American Tail]]'' and ''[[The Land Before Time (film)|The Land Before Time]].''{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=105}}

In 1994, Spielberg set up his new film studio, [[DreamWorks Pictures|DreamWorks]], with [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] and [[David Geffen]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=442}}{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=59}} Spielberg cited more creative control and distribution improvements as the main reasons for founding his own studio;{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=445}} he and his partners compared themselves to the founders of [[United Artists]] back in 1919.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=60}} DreamWorks' investors included [[Microsoft]] founders [[Paul Allen]] and [[Bill Gates]].{{Sfn|Mara|2014|p=55}} After founding DreamWorks, Spielberg continued to operate Amblin Entertainment and direct films for other studios.

=== Video games ===
Spielberg has been an avid gamer since 1974; in 2005, Spielberg collaborated with [[Electronic Arts]] (<span class="ltr">EA</span>) on several games including one for the [[Wii]] called ''[[Boom Blox]],'' and its sequel ''[[Boom Blox Bash Party]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fahey |first=Mike |date=February 6, 2008 |title=Spielberg's Boom Blox Revealed |url=http://kotaku.com/353191/spielbergs-boom-blox-revealed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623144325/https://kotaku.com/353191/spielbergs-boom-blox-revealed |archive-date=June 23, 2011 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[Kotaku]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Waters |first=Darren |date=February 23, 2008 |title=Making games with Steven Spielberg |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7260228.stm |access-date=January 6, 2010 |archive-date=September 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930152305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7260228.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> He is also the creator of EA's ''[[Medal of Honor (video game series)|Medal of Honor]]'' series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medal of Honor: Allied Assault (2002) Windows credits |url=http://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/medal-of-honor-allied-assault/credits |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032702/http://www.mobygames.com/game/windows/medal-of-honor-allied-assault/credits |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[MobyGames]] |publisher=}}</ref> In 1995, Spielberg helped create and design [[LucasArts]]' adventure game ''[[The Dig (video game)|The Dig]]''.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=507}} He also collaborated with software publishers [[Knowledge Adventure]] on the game ''[[Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair]]'', which was released in 1996; Spielberg appears in the game to direct the player.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=441}}

Spielberg played many of [[LucasArts]] [[adventure game]]s, including the first ''Monkey Island'' games.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6IYgWh-qnY&t=1144s |title=Storytime with Ron Gilbert – PAX Australia 2013 Keynote |date=July 20, 2013 |type=Videotape |publisher=[[GameSpot]] |time=19:04 |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311124625/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6IYgWh-qnY&t=1144s |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qumYnE2wYhA&t=1696s |title=Tim Schafer Plays "Day of the Tentacle" Part 1 |date=May 10, 2014 |type=Videotape |publisher=[[Double Fine]] |time=28:16 |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311125952/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qumYnE2wYhA&t=1696s |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> He owns a [[Wii]], a [[PlayStation 3]], a [[PlayStation Portable|PSP]], and an [[Xbox 360]], and enjoys playing [[first-person shooter]]s such as the ''[[Medal of Honor (video game series)|Medal of Honor]]'' series and ''[[Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare]]''. He dislikes the use of [[cutscene]]s in games, and thinks that natural storytelling is a challenge for game developers.<ref>{{cite news |author=Chick |first=Tom |date=December 8, 2008 |title=A Close Encounter with Steven Spielberg |work= |publisher=[[Yahoo!]] |url=http://videogames.yahoo.com/celebrity-byte/steven-spielberg/1271249 |url-status=dead |access-date=December 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211191412/http://videogames.yahoo.com/celebrity-byte/steven-spielberg/1271249 |archive-date=December 11, 2008}}</ref>

== Filmmaking style and techniques==

=== Influences ===
Spielberg has cited [[Frank Capra]]'s [[It's a Wonderful Life|''It's A Wonderful Life'']] (1946) as an influence on "family, community and suburbia".{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=20}} He enjoyed the work of Alfred Hitchcock,{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=81}}{{Sfn|Hook|2010|p=6}} [[David Lean]],{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=148}} [[John Ford]], [[Stanley Kubrick]] and [[John Frankenheimer]].{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=263}}{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=xvii}} In college, he was inspired by foreign films directed by [[Ingmar Bergman]], [[Jacques Tati]] and [[François Truffaut]]. Truffaut was one of his favorite directors.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=143}} [[Spencer Tracy]] has also influenced the characters of Spielberg's films,{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=19}} as did ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' series.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=170}}

=== Method and themes ===

Spielberg often uses [[storyboard]]s to visualize the sequences, with the exceptions being in ''E.T.'' and ''The Color Purple''.{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=112}}{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=149}} After the experience of filming ''Jaws'', Spielberg learned to leave special effect scenes until last, and exclude the media from filming locations.{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=160}} Spielberg prefers to shoot quickly, with large amounts of coverage (from [[Single-camera setup|single-shot]] to [[Multiple-camera setup|multi-shot]] setups), so that he will have many options in the editing room.{{Sfn|Mairata|2018|p=69}} From the beginning of his career, Spielberg's shooting style consisted of extreme high and low camera angles, [[long take]]s, and [[Hand-held camera|handheld]] cameras.{{Sfn|Buckland|2006|p=69}} He favors [[wide-angle lens]] for creating depth,{{Sfn|Buckland|2006|p=205}} and by the time he was making ''Minority Report'', he was more confident with elaborate camera movements.{{Sfn|Buckland|2006|p=202}}

In an interview with ''[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]]'' in 2015, Spielberg described how he chooses the film projects he would work on:{{blockquote|[Sometimes], a story speaks to me, even if it doesn't speak to any of my collaborators or any of my partners, who look at me and scratch their heads and say, "Gee, are you sure you wanna get into that trench for a year and a half?" I love people challenging me that way because it's a real test about my own convictions and [whether] I can be the standing man of my own life and take a stand on a subject that may not be popular, but that I would be proud to add to the body of my work. That's pretty much the litmus test that gets me to say, "Yeah, I'll direct that one."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wang |first1=Ray |date=October 22, 2015 |title=The Tech talks to Steven Spielberg |url=https://thetech.com/2015/10/22/spielberginterview-v135-n28 |access-date=March 10, 2018 |website=[[The Tech (newspaper)|The Tech]] |archive-date=March 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311140655/https://thetech.com/2015/10/22/spielberginterview-v135-n28 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}Spielberg's films contain many similar themes throughout his work. One of his most pertinent themes revolves around "ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances."{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=263}}{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=76}} The ordinary people often have limitations, but they succeed in becoming a "hero".{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=76}} A consistent theme in his family-friendly work is a childlike sense of wonder and faith, and "the goodness in humanity will prevail."{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=76}} He has also explored the importance of childhood, loss of innocence, and the need for parental figures.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Steven Spielberg and Philosophy : We're Gonna Need a Bigger Book|date=2008 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |isbn=978-0-8131-7324-5 |editor-last=Kowalski |editor-first=Dean A. |location=Lexington, Kentucky |page=48 |oclc=299792520}}</ref> In exploring the parent-child relationship, there is usually a flawed or irresponsible father figure. This theme personally resonates with Spielberg's childhood.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=181}} Exploring extraterrestrial life is another aspect to his work. Spielberg described himself as like an "alien" during childhood,{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=67}} and this interest came from his father, a science fiction fan.<ref>{{cite book| title = E.T. DVD Production Notes Booklet| publisher = Universal|year=2002}}</ref>

=== Collaborators ===
[[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]] has edited all but one of Spielberg's films since the 1970s. Spielberg has also worked consistently with production designer [[Rick Carter]], and writer [[David Koepp]]. The producer [[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] is one of Spielberg's longest serving collaborators.{{Sfn|Mairata|2018|p=64}} Spielberg also displays loyalty to his actors, casting them repeatedly, including [[Tom Hanks]], [[Harrison Ford]], [[Mark Rylance]], [[Richard Dreyfuss]], and [[Tom Cruise]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2015 |title=Steven Spielberg's Frequent A-List Collaborators (Photos) {{!}} Hollywood Reporter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/gallery/steven-spielbergs-frequent-a-list-832419/5-tom-cruise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184203/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/gallery/steven-spielbergs-frequent-a-list-832419/5-tom-cruise |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 18, 2020 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ong |first=Jennifer |date=December 5, 2020 |title=5 Actors Who Enjoy Working With Steven Spielberg (& 5 Who've Turned Him Down) |url=https://screenrant.com/actors-loved-working-with-steven-spielberg-turned-him-down/ |access-date=July 14, 2021 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206180801/https://screenrant.com/actors-loved-working-with-steven-spielberg-turned-him-down/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ehenulo |first=Kelechi |date=September 21, 2017 |title=The key collaborators of Steven Spielberg |website=Set The Tape |url=https://setthetape.com/2017/09/21/the-spielberg-collaborators/ |access-date=July 14, 2021 |archive-date=February 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218222441/https://setthetape.com/2017/09/21/the-spielberg-collaborators/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2005, Cruise called him "the greatest storyteller cinema's ever known".<ref>{{YouTube|title=Tom Cruise's Heated Interview With Matt Lauer|id=tFgF1JPNR5E}} {{retrieved|access-date=July 25, 2023}}</ref>

Hanks has collaborated with Spielberg in various projects in both film and television. He first worked with Spielberg in 1998's ''[[Saving Private Ryan]],'' for which he received a nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Actor]]. Hanks starred in four more films, ''Catch Me if You Can'' (2002), ''The Terminal'' (2004), ''Bridge of Spies'' (2015), and ''The Post'' (2017). The pair also executive produced the war miniseries ''[[Band of Brothers (miniseries)|Band of Brothers]]'' (2001) and ''[[The Pacific (miniseries)|The Pacific]]'' (2010), both of which gained them [[Primetime Emmy Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Outstanding Miniseries Or Movie Nominees / Winners 2002 |url=https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2002/outstanding-miniseries-or-movie |access-date=August 13, 2022 |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |language=en |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801221846/https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2002/outstanding-miniseries-or-movie |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Outstanding Miniseries Or Movie Nominees / Winners 2010 |url=https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-miniseries-or-movie |access-date=August 13, 2022 |publisher=[[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930060042/https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners/2010/outstanding-miniseries-or-movie |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Janusz Kamiński]] has served as a cinematographer on dozens of Spielberg's films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prince |first=Ron |date=April 29, 2018 |title=Janusz Kaminski ASC / The Post |url=https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/janusz-kaminski-asc-the-post/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184247/https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/janusz-kaminski-asc-the-post/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 24, 2020 |website=British Cinematographer |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kamiński's first collaboration with Spielberg started with the holocaust drama film ''Schindler's List'' (1993) for which Kamiński received the [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography]]. The film used [[black-and-white]] cinematography. As Spielberg's career evolved from action to drama films, he and Kamiński adopted more handheld camerawork, as evidenced in ''Schindler's List'' and ''Amistad''.{{Sfn|Freer|2001|pp=229, 256}} Kamiński would later receive his second Academy Award for cinematography on ''Saving Private Ryan''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 71st Academy Awards {{!}} 1999 |date=November 18, 2016 |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1999 |access-date=August 13, 2022 |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |language=en |archive-date=April 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417092138/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1999 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film's opening sequence to re-enact the [[invasion of Normandy]] was praised for realism. Kamiński garnered three more Academy Award nominations for his work on ''War Horse'' (2011), the historical epic ''Lincoln'' (2015), and ''West Side Story'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heuring |first=David |date=May 4, 2015 |title=Janusz Kaminski ASC / War Horse |url=https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/janusz-kaminski-asc-war-horse/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=British Cinematographer |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813111419/https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/janusz-kaminski-asc-war-horse/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Adrian |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Janusz Kamiński / West Side Story |url=https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/janusz-kaminski-west-side-story/ |access-date=August 13, 2022 |website=British Cinematographer |language=en-GB |archive-date=August 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813111420/https://britishcinematographer.co.uk/janusz-kaminski-west-side-story/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Spielberg's long-time partnership with composer [[John Williams]] began with ''[[The Sugarland Express]]'' (1974)<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2022 |title=John Williams and Steven Spielberg |url=https://www.classicfm.com/composers/williams/guides/facts-williams/spielberg/ |access-date=November 10, 2020 |website=[[Classic FM (<span class="ltr">UK</span>)|Classic FM]] |language=en |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184207/https://www.classicfm.com/composers/williams/guides/facts-williams/spielberg/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Williams would return to compose all but five of Spielberg's feature films (the exceptions are ''Twilight Zone: The Movie'', ''The Color Purple'', ''Bridge of Spies'', ''Ready Player One'' and ''West Side Story''). Williams won three of his five [[Academy Awards]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]] for his work on Spielberg's films, which were ''Jaws'' (1975), ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' (1982), and ''Schindler's List'' (1993). While making ''Schindler's List'', Spielberg approached Williams about composing the score. After seeing a rough, unedited cut, Williams was impressed, and said that composing would be too challenging. He said to Spielberg, "You need a better composer than I am for this film." Spielberg responded, "I know. But they're all dead!"<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=May 5, 2005 |title=The man behind the music of 'Star Wars' |url=http://www.today.com/popculture/man-behind-music-star-wars-wbna7749339 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184238/https://www.today.com/popculture/man-behind-music-star-wars-wbna7749339 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2020 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, Spielberg presented Williams with the 44th [[AFI Life Achievement Award]], the first to be awarded to a composer.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=October 8, 2015 |title=Composer John Williams to Receive the 44th AFI Life Achievement Award |url=https://www.afi.com/news/composer-john-williams-to-receive-the-44th-afi-life-achievement-award/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184234/https://www.afi.com/news/composer-john-williams-to-receive-the-44th-afi-life-achievement-award/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=November 22, 2020 |website=[[American Film Institute]] |language=en}}</ref> Williams scored Spielberg's latest film ''[[The Fabelmans]]'' (2022), his 29th film collaboration with Spielberg.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burlingame |first=Jon |date=February 7, 2022 |title=As John Williams Turns 90, No Signs of Slowing Down, With ''Fabelmans'', ''Indiana Jones'' and Birthday Gala in the Offing |url=https://variety.com/2022/artisans/news/john-williams-turns-90-celebrating-1235172996/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928124850/https://variety.com/2022/artisans/news/john-williams-turns-90-celebrating-1235172996/ |archive-date=September 28, 2022 |access-date=February 7, 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Spielberg met actress [[Amy Irving]] in 1976 when she auditioned for ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind''. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer [[Julia Phillips]], "I met a real heartbreaker last night."{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=293}} Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved into what she described as his "bachelor funky" house.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=294}} They broke up in 1979.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=43}} In 1984, they renewed their romance and married in November 1985. Their son, Max, had been born on June 13 of that year.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=362, 363}} In 1989, the couple divorced; they agreed to live near each other to share custody of their son.{{Sfn|McBride|1997|p=403}} Their divorce settlement is one of the [[List of most expensive divorces|most expensive in history]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 13, 2007 |title='Most costly' celebrity divorces |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6552597.stm |url-status=live |access-date=April 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313131053/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6552597.stm |archive-date=March 13, 2012}}</ref>{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=43}}

Spielberg met actress [[Kate Capshaw]] when he cast her in ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom''. They married on October 12, 1991; Capshaw [[Conversion to Judaism|converted]] to Judaism before their marriage.<ref>{{cite news|first=Karen W.|last=Arenson|author-link=Karen Arenson|title=From ''Schindler's List'', a Jewish Mission|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/24/us/from-schindler-s-list-a-jewish-mission.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 24, 1995|access-date=May 11, 2018|archive-date=May 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511222358/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/24/us/from-schindler-s-list-a-jewish-mission.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=49}} Spielberg said he rediscovered "the honor of being a Jew" when they married.{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=25}} He said, "Kate is Protestant and she insisted on converting to Judaism. She spent a year studying, did the "[[mikveh]]", the whole thing. She chose to do a full conversion ''before'' we were married in 1991, and she married me after becoming a Jew. I think that, more than anything else, brought me back to Judaism."{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=25}} He credits her for the family's level of observance;{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=26}} "This [[Goy|shiksa]] goddess has made me a better Jew than my own parents", he said.{{Sfn|Pogrebin|2005|p=27}} He and his family live in [[Pacific Palisades, California]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hurt |first=Harry III |date=May 10, 2016 |title=Look Inside Steven Spielberg's House in Pacific Palisades |language=en-us |website=[[Architectural Digest]] |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/steven-spielberg-pacific-palisades-home |url-status=live |access-date=December 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184208/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/steven-spielberg-pacific-palisades-home |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> and [[East Hampton (village), New York|East Hampton, New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valhouli |first=Christina |date=September 19, 2002 |title=Billionaires On Vacation |url=https://www.forbes.com/2002/09/19/0919feat_7.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825025553/https://www.forbes.com/2002/09/19/0919feat_7.html |archive-date=August 25, 2006 |access-date=December 18, 2020 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>

He has five children with Capshaw: [[Sasha Spielberg|Sasha Rebecca Spielberg]] (born May 14, 1990), [[Sawyer Spielberg|Sawyer Avery Spielberg]] (born March 10, 1992),<ref>{{cite web|last=Schuster|first=Dana|date=September 7, 2012|title=A stage for Spielberg's son|url=https://nypost.com/2012/09/07/a-stage-for-spielbergs-son/|access-date=May 11, 2018|work=[[New York Post]]|archive-date=February 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224232416/https://nypost.com/2012/09/07/a-stage-for-spielbergs-son/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Destry Spielberg|Destry Allyn Spielberg]] (born December 1, 1996), and two adopted children: Theo Spielberg (born August 21, 1988), and Mikaela George (born February 28, 1996).{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=42}} He also has a stepdaughter, [[Jessica Capshaw]] (born August 9, 1976).

He is the [[Godparent|godfather]] of [[Drew Barrymore]] and [[Gwyneth Paltrow]].<ref>https://www.vanityfair.com/style/photos/2017/03/celebrity-godparents</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stylist.co.uk/people/surprising-celebrity-godparents/13002|title=Surprising celebrity godparents|date=September 5, 2011|work=Stylist|access-date=February 23, 2018|archive-date=June 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614221256/https://www.stylist.co.uk/people/surprising-celebrity-godparents/13002|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/21/us/steven-spielberg-fast-facts/index.html|title=Steven Spielberg Fast Facts|work=CNN|access-date=February 23, 2018|archive-date=October 31, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181031210044/https://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/21/us/steven-spielberg-fast-facts/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Trachta|first=Ali|url=https://www.laweekly.com/q-a-with-drew-barrymore-l-a-cravings-dying-art-forms-barrymore-wines/|title=Q & A With Drew Barrymore: L.A. Cravings, Dying Art Forms & Barrymore Wines|publisher=LA Weekly|date=April 17, 2012|access-date=June 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128091539/http://blogs.laweekly.com/squidink/2012/04/drew_barrymore_wine.php|archive-date=January 28, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/drew-barrymore-admits-to-suffering-freak-245166|title=Drew Barrymore admits to suffering 'freak outs' over her long-distance relationship with Justin Long|work=Daily Mirror|date=September 2, 2010|access-date=January 27, 2013|archive-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520002741/http://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/drew-barrymore-admits-to-suffering-freak-245166|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hollywood/news-interviews/Drew-Barrymore-seeks-advice-from-godfather-Spielberg/articleshow/18207142.cms |title=Drew Barrymore seeks advice from 'godfather' Spielberg|work=The Times of India |access-date=January 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128073148/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hollywood/news-interviews/Drew-Barrymore-seeks-advice-from-godfather-Spielberg/articleshow/18207142.cms |archive-date=January 28, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1997, a man named Jonathan Norman stalked and attempted to enter Spielberg's home; Norman was jailed for 25 years.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 17, 1998 |title=Spielberg stalker jailed |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/114988.stm |access-date=December 11, 2011 |archive-date=August 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818060802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/114988.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sylvester |first=Sherri |date=February 26, 1998 |title=Spielberg recounts fears, anguish over alleged stalker |work=[[CNN]] |url=http://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9802/26/spielberg.stalker/ |access-date=December 11, 2011 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807115729/http://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/9802/26/spielberg.stalker/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2001, Spielberg was stalked by [[Conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorist]] and former social worker [[Diana Napolis]]. She accused him, and actress [[Jennifer Love Hewitt]], of installing a [[Brainwashing|mind-control]] device in her brain, and being part of a [[satanic ritual abuse|satanic cult]].<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Armstrong|first1=Mark|last2=Mandel|first2=Kwala|date=October 18, 2002|title=Steven Spielberg Curbs Alleged Stalker|url=https://people.com/celebrity/steven-spielberg-curbs-alleged-stalker/|access-date=December 19, 2020|website=People|language=EN|archive-date=January 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184216/https://people.com/celebrity/steven-spielberg-curbs-alleged-stalker/|url-status=live}}</ref> Napolis was [[involuntary commitment|committed]] to a mental institution, and pled guilty to stalking. She was released on [[probation]] with a condition that she have no contact with either Spielberg or Hewitt.<ref name="Sauer2002">{{cite news|last=Sauer|first=M|date=December 31, 2002|title=Stalking suspect to undergo more psychological tests|newspaper=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20021231-9999_1m31stalker.html|url-status=dead|access-date=October 30, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906133859/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20021231-9999_1m31stalker.html|archive-date=September 6, 2008}}</ref><ref name="DeYoung">{{cite book|author=De Young, Mary|title=The day care ritual abuse moral panic|publisher=McFarland|year=2004|isbn=978-0-7864-1830-5|location=Jefferson, N.C.|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_e8ZkJBtz0EC&pg=PA234 234–235]}}</ref>

Spielberg was diagnosed with [[dyslexia]] at age 60.<ref>{{cite news |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=September 25, 2012 |title=Steven Spielberg on unlocking 'tremendous mystery' of his dyslexia |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2012-sep-25-la-et-mn-steven-spielberg-on-unlocking-tremendous-mystery-of-his-dyslexia-20120925-story.html |access-date=March 12, 2021 |archive-date=February 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211013102/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2012-sep-25-la-et-mn-steven-spielberg-on-unlocking-tremendous-mystery-of-his-dyslexia-20120925-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, Spielberg purchased the {{convert|282|ft|m|adj=on}} mega-yacht ''The'' ''Seven Seas'' for US$182 million. He has put it up for sale and has made it available for [[Yacht charter|charter]]. At US$1.2 million per month, it is one of the most expensive charters on the market. He has ordered a new {{convert|300|ft|m|adj=on}} yacht at a reported US$250 million.<ref>{{cite web |last=Green |first=Dennis |date=August 14, 2015 |title=Steven Spielberg is selling his $184 million mega-yacht because he needs a bigger boat |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/this-184-million-yacht-isnt-enough-for-steven-spielberg-2015-8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430162242/https://www.businessinsider.com/this-184-million-yacht-isnt-enough-for-steven-spielberg-2015-8 |archive-date=April 30, 2022 |access-date=December 1, 2017 |website=[[Insider Inc.|Business Insider]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Chris |date=July 7, 2015 |title=Spielberg Trading Up to 300-Foot Yacht |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/spielberg-trading-up-300-foot-813065/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214021406/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-news/spielberg-trading-up-300-foot-813065/ |archive-date=February 14, 2023 |access-date=December 18, 2020 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>

In 2022, at age 75, Spielberg was diagnosed with [[COVID-19]] but recovered.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pederson |first1=Erik |last2=Tapp |first2=Tom |date=November 28, 2022 |title=Steven Spielberg Has Covid, Misses Introducing Michelle Williams Tribute at Gotham Awards |url=https://deadline.com/2022/11/steven-spielberg-has-covid-misses-gotham-awards-1235183405/#respond |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225021746/https://deadline.com/2022/11/steven-spielberg-has-covid-misses-gotham-awards-1235183405/ |archive-date=December 25, 2022 |access-date=December 25, 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation|Penske Business Media, LLC]]}}</ref>

In December 2022, Spielberg was a guest on ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'' for BBC Radio 4, choosing for his luxury item an H-8 Bolex Camera.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 23, 2022 |title=BBC Radio 4 – Desert Island Discs, Steven Spielberg, director |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001g8m4 |access-date=December 23, 2022 |website=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=December 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223194641/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m001g8m4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Political views ==
Spielberg has usually supported [[Democratic Party (United States)|U.S. Democratic Party]] candidates. He has donated over $800,000 to the Democratic party and its nominees. He has been a close friend of former president [[Bill Clinton]] and worked with the president for the USA Millennium celebrations. He directed an 18-minute film for the project, scored by [[John Williams]] and entitled ''The American Journey''. It was shown at America's Millennium Gala on December 31, 1999, in the [[National Mall]] at the [[Reflecting Pool]] at the base of the [[Lincoln Memorial]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 1, 2000 |title=The Clintons' Showbiz Celebration |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/586684.stm |access-date=October 21, 2006 |archive-date=February 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225164721/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/586684.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Spielberg endorsed [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 presidential election]]; he donated $1 million to [[Priorities USA Action]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Iacob |first=Ivona |date=May 27, 2016 |title=The Top Donors Backing Hillary Clinton's Super PAC |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ivonaiacob/2016/05/27/top-donors-hillary-clinton-superpac/#259f3ea42740 |url-status=live |access-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517211223/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ivonaiacob/2016/05/27/top-donors-hillary-clinton-superpac/#259f3ea42740 |archive-date=May 17, 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Steven Spielberg 1999 2.jpg|thumb|right|Secretary of Defense [[William Cohen|William S. Cohen]] escorts Spielberg through a military honor cordon into the Pentagon in 1999.]] Spielberg resigned as a member of the national advisory board of the [[Boy Scouts of America]] in 2001 because he disagreed with the organization's [[Boy Scouts of America membership controversies#Position on homosexuality|anti-homosexuality stance]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 17, 2001 |title=Spielberg quits scouts 'over gay ban' |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/1281309.stm |access-date=October 30, 2006 |archive-date=February 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212163711/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/1281309.stm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=April 26, 2001 |title=Spielberg resigns from Boy Scouts board |work=[[Hollywood.com]] |url=https://www.hollywood.com/general/spielberg-resigns-from-boy-scouts-board-57167345 |url-status=live |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225004938/https://www.hollywood.com/general/spielberg-resigns-from-boy-scouts-board-57167345/ |archive-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref> In 2007, the [[Arab League]] voted to boycott Spielberg's movies after he donated $1&nbsp;million for relief efforts in Israel during the [[2006 Lebanon War]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 18, 2010 |title=Spielberg Movies Banned by Arab League, WikiLeaks Cable Reveals |language=en |work=[[Haaretz]] |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2010-12-18/ty-article/spielberg-movies-banned-by-arab-league-wikileaks-cable-reveals/0000017f-dba1-d3ff-a7ff-fba10dce0000 |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-date=February 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204222511/https://www.haaretz.com/2010-12-18/ty-article/spielberg-movies-banned-by-arab-league-wikileaks-cable-reveals/0000017f-dba1-d3ff-a7ff-fba10dce0000 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=August 10, 2006 |title=Spielberg donates $US1m to Israeli relief |newspaper=[[The Age]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |location=Melbourne |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/people/spielberg-directs-aid-to-israel/2006/08/10/1154803000553.html |access-date=December 18, 2010 |archive-date=March 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083111/https://www.theage.com.au/news/people/spielberg-directs-aid-to-israel/2006/08/10/1154803000553.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On February 20, 2007, Spielberg, [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]], and [[David Geffen]] invited Democrats to a fundraiser for [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wulfhorst |first=Ellen |date=February 22, 2007 |title=Obama finds friends, money in Hollywood |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-obama-idUSN2145471520070222 |url-status=live |access-date=December 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184217/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-obama-idUSN2145471520070222 |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>

In February 2008, Spielberg resigned as advisor to the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in response to the Chinese government's inaction over the [[War in Darfur]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Abramowitz |first=Rachel |date=February 13, 2008 |title=Spielberg drops out as Beijing Olympics advisor |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-spielberg13feb13,1,7027646.story?ctrack=2&cset=true |url-status=dead |access-date=February 13, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603215030/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/13/entertainment/et-spielberg13 |archive-date=June 3, 2008}}</ref> Spielberg said in a statement, "I find that my conscience will not allow me to continue business as usual [...] Sudan's government bears the bulk of the responsibility for these on-going crimes, but the international community, and particularly China, should be doing more."<ref>{{cite news |date=February 13, 2008 |title=Spielberg in Darfur snub to China |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7242016.stm |url-status=live |access-date=May 16, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407065818/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7242016.stm |archive-date=April 7, 2008}}</ref> The [[International Olympic Committee]] (IOC) respected Spielberg's decision but IOC president [[Jacques Rogge]] expressed disappointment: "[Spielberg] certainly would have brought a lot to the opening ceremony in terms of creativity."<ref>{{cite news |date=February 15, 2008 |title=Rogge respect for Spielberg move |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/7247590.stm |access-date=May 16, 2008 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807170906/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/7247590.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Chinese state media called Spielberg's comments "unfair".<ref>{{cite news |last=Bristow |first=Michael |date=February 20, 2008 |title=China hits back over Olympics row |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7254479.stm |access-date=May 16, 2008 |archive-date=August 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807185841/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7254479.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2008, Spielberg and his wife offered their support to [[same-sex marriage in California]] by issuing a statement following their donation of $100,000 to the "No on [[California Proposition 8 (2008)|Proposition 8]]" campaign fund, a figure equal to the amount of money [[Brad Pitt]] donated to the same campaign less than a week prior.<ref>{{cite web |last=Serpe |first=Gina |date=September 23, 2008 |title=Spielberg Makes Like Pitt, Supports Same-Sex Marriage |url=http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/b30446_Spielberg_Makes_Like_Pitt__Supports_Same_Sex_Marriage.html |access-date=March 2, 2010 |website=[[E! Online]] |archive-date=October 7, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007044448/http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/b30446_Spielberg_Makes_Like_Pitt__Supports_Same_Sex_Marriage.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Spielberg and his wife donated $500,000 to the [[March for Our Lives]] student demonstration in favor of gun control in the United States.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gonzalez |first=Sandra |date=February 21, 2018 |title=Oprah, Steven Spielberg also donating to March For Our Lives, following George Clooney's pledge |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/20/entertainment/oprah-march-for-our-lives-donation/index.html |access-date=March 29, 2018 |archive-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608103404/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/20/entertainment/oprah-march-for-our-lives-donation/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2023, following the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|Hamas-led attack on Israel]], the [[USC Shoah Foundation|Shoah Foundation]], founded by Spielberg, said that it had gathered over 100 video testimonies of those who experienced the attacks on that day to add them to the collection of "Holocaust survivor and witness testimony."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shoah Foundation launches project to document 'unspeakable barbarity' of October 7 |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/spielberg-launches-new-project-to-document-unspeakable-barbarity-of-october-7/ |website=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref> Spielberg stated about the attacks, "I never imagined I would see such unspeakable barbarity against Jews in my lifetime" and that the Shoah Foundation project will ensure "that their stories would be recorded and shared in the effort to preserve history and to work toward a world without antisemitism or hate of any kind."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenbloom |first=Alli |date=December 6, 2023 |title=Steven Spielberg comments on 'unspeakable barbarity against Jews' in Oct. 7 attacks |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/05/entertainment/steven-spielberg-october-7-remarks/index.html |access-date=December 15, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Main|Steven Spielberg filmography}}
Prolific in film since the 1960s, Spielberg has directed 36 feature films, and co-produced many works.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Directed features
! Year
! Title
! Distributor
|-
|1971 || ''[[Duel (1971 film)|Duel]]'' || rowspan=3|[[Universal Pictures]]
|-
|1974 || ''[[The Sugarland Express]]''
|-
|1975 || ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]''
|-
|1977 || ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'' || [[Columbia Pictures]]
|-
|1979 || ''[[1941 (film)|1941]]'' || Universal Pictures / Columbia Pictures
|-
|1981 || ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' || [[Paramount Pictures]]
|-
|1982 || ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' || Universal Pictures
|-
|1984 || ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' || Paramount Pictures
|-
|1985 || ''[[The Color Purple (1985 film)|The Color Purple]]'' || rowspan=2|[[Warner Bros.]]
|-
|1987 || ''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]''
|-
| rowspan="2" |1989
|''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'' || Paramount Pictures
|-
| ''[[Always (1989 film)|Always]]''|| Universal Pictures
|-
|1991 || ''[[Hook (film)|Hook]]'' || [[TriStar Pictures]]
|-
|rowspan=2|1993 || ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' || rowspan=3|Universal Pictures
|-
| ''[[Schindler's List]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|1997 || ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]''
|-
| ''[[Amistad (film)|Amistad]]'' ||[[DreamWorks Pictures]]
|-
|1998 || ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' ||DreamWorks Pictures / Paramount Pictures
|-
|2001 || ''[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]'' || Warner Bros. Pictures / DreamWorks Pictures
|-
|rowspan=2|2002 || ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' || [[20th Century Studios|20th Century Fox]]
|-
| ''[[Catch Me If You Can]]'' || rowspan=2|DreamWorks Pictures
|-
|2004 || ''[[The Terminal]]''
|-
|rowspan=2|2005 || ''[[War of the Worlds (2005)|War of the Worlds]]'' || Paramount Pictures / DreamWorks Pictures
|-
| ''[[Munich (2005 film)|Munich]]'' || Universal Pictures / DreamWorks Pictures
|-
|2008 || ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' || Paramount Pictures
|-
|rowspan=2|2011 || ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]'' || Paramount Pictures / [[Sony Pictures Releasing]]
|-
| ''[[War Horse (film)|War Horse]]'' || [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]
|-
|2012 || ''[[Lincoln (film)|Lincoln]]'' || rowspan=2|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures / 20th Century Fox
|-
|2015 || ''[[Bridge of Spies (film)|Bridge of Spies]]''
|-
|2016 || ''[[The BFG (2016 film)|The BFG]]'' || Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
|-
|2017 || ''[[The Post (film)|The Post]]'' || 20th Century Fox
|-
|2018 || ''[[Ready Player One (film)|Ready Player One]]'' || Warner Bros. Pictures
|-
|2021 || ''[[West Side Story (2021 film)|West Side Story]]'' || [[20th Century Studios]]
|-
|2022 || ''[[The Fabelmans]]'' || Universal Pictures
|-
|}

== Awards and honors ==
{{See also|List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg}}
[[File:Steven Spielberg 1999 4 crop.jpg|thumb|right|Spielberg receiving a public service award presented by U.S. Secretary of Defense [[William Cohen]], 1999]]

Spielberg has won three Academy Awards. He received nine nominations for Best Director, and won twice (for ''Schindler's List'' and ''Saving Private Ryan'').{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=109}}{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=112}} His third was in Best Picture, for ''Schindler's List.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=58}}'' He is the only director to receive a Best Director nomination from the academy in 6 different decades. In 1987, he was awarded the [[Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award]] for his work as a creative producer.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=2}} Drawing from his own experiences in [[Scouting]], Spielberg helped the [[Boy Scouts of America]] develop a merit badge in cinematography to promote filmmaking as a marketable skill; the badge was launched at the 1989 [[National Scout jamboree (Boy Scouts of America)|National Scout Jamboree]].{{Sfn|Baxter|1996|p=354}} In 1989, Spielberg was presented with the [[Distinguished Eagle Scout Award]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Distinguished Eagle Scout Award|publisher=National Capital Area Council&nbsp;– Boy Scouts of America|url=http://www.boyscouts-ncac.org/pages/6207_distinguished_eagle_scout_award.cfm|access-date=October 21, 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005110513/https://www.boyscouts-ncac.org/pages/6207_distinguished_eagle_scout_award.cfm|archive-date=October 5, 2006}}</ref> Spielberg received the [[AFI Life Achievement Award]] in 1995.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=110}}

In 1998, he was awarded the [[Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany]]. The award was presented to him by President [[Roman Herzog]] in recognition of ''Schindler's List'' and work with the [[USC Shoah Foundation|Shoah Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web |date=September 11, 1998 |title=Auszeichnung für Auseinandersetzung mit dem Holocaust: Steven Spielberg erhält das Bundesverdienstkreuz |trans-title=Award for debate about the Holocaust: Steven Spielberg receives the Order of Merit |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/auszeichnung-fuer-auseinandersetzung-mit-dem-holocaust-steven-spielberg-erhaelt-das-bundesverdienstkreuz-li.6393 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312012432/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/auszeichnung-fuer-auseinandersetzung-mit-dem-holocaust-steven-spielberg-erhaelt-das-bundesverdienstkreuz-li.6393 |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |access-date=March 12, 2023 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |language=de }}</ref> Spielberg was awarded the [[Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service|Medal for Distinguished Public Service]] in 1999, in recognition for ''Saving Private Ryan''.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=111}} For the same film, he also received an award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures by the [[Directors Guild of America]].{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=111}} The next year, he received the [[Directors Guild of America Award|Lifetime Achievement Award]] from the Directors Guild of America.{{Sfn|Hook|2010|p=95}}

[[File:SpielbergGraumansChinese.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Spielberg's shoeprints and handprints in front of the [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]]]]
Spielberg was given a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in 2003, located on 6801 Hollywood Boulevard.{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=113}} Additionally, he was awarded the Blessed are the Peacemakers Award from the [[Catholic Theological Union]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |date=December 6, 2022 |title=Blessed are the Peacemakers |url=https://ctu.edu/peacemakers2023/ |access-date=December 7, 2022 |publisher=[[Catholic Theological Union]] |archive-date=December 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207163217/https://ctu.edu/peacemakers2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On July 15, 2006, Spielberg was awarded the [[Chicago International Film Festival#Grand Prize: Gold Hugo|Gold Hugo Lifetime Achievement Award]] at the Summer Gala of the [[Chicago International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news |date=July 17, 2006 |title=Spielberg receives Lifetime Achievement Award |publisher=[[Chicago International Film Festival]] |url=http://www.chicagofilmfestival.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/CIFFSite.woa/wa/pages/SummerGala06 |url-status=dead |access-date=October 21, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016164659/http://www.chicagofilmfestival.org/cgi-bin/WebObjects/CIFFSite.woa/wa/pages/SummerGala06 |archive-date=October 16, 2006}}</ref> and was awarded a [[Kennedy Center Honors|Kennedy Center]] honor on December 3.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2006 |title=Kennedy Center Honors |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/kennedy-center-honors-4-12-06/ |access-date=December 25, 2022 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US |archive-date=December 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225030955/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/kennedy-center-honors-4-12-06/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The tribute to Spielberg featured a biographical short film narrated by [[Liam Neeson]], and a performance of the finale to [[Leonard Bernstein]]'s ''[[Candide (operetta)|Candide]]'', conducted by John Williams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boedeker |first=Hal |date=December 26, 2006 |title='Kennedy Center Honors' hits mostly high notes |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2006-12-26-0612260070-story.html |access-date=January 26, 2020 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |language=en-US |archive-date=January 26, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126183840/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2006-12-26-0612260070-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame|Science Fiction Hall of Fame]] inducted Spielberg in 2005, the first year it considered non-literary contributors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2005 |title=It's Official! Inductees Named for 2005 Hall of Fame Class |url=http://www.sfhomeworld.org/make_contact/article.asp?articleID=206 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050326222649/http://www.sfhomeworld.org/make_contact/article.asp?articleID=206 |archive-date=March 26, 2005 |access-date=December 25, 2022 |publisher=[[Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hall of Fame |url=http://www.midamericon.org/halloffame/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521070009/http://www.midamericon.org/halloffame/ |archive-date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=December 25, 2022 |publisher=[[Science Fiction Museum and Hall of Fame]]}}</ref> He was a recipient of the [[Visual Effects Society]] Lifetime Achievement Award in February 2008; it is awarded for "significant and lasting contributions to the art and science of the visual effects industry."<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2008 |title=6th Annual VES Awards |url=https://www.visualeffectssociety.com/portfolio-items/2007-6th-annual-ves-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610170355/https://www.visualeffectssociety.com/portfolio-items/2007-6th-annual-ves-awards/ |archive-date=June 10, 2020 |access-date=December 15, 2020 |publisher=[[Visual Effects Society]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2009, Spielberg was awarded the [[Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award|Cecil B. DeMille Award]] by the [[Hollywood Foreign Press Association]] for "outstanding contributions to the world of entertainment".{{Sfn|Hook|2010|p=95}}

[[File:Steven Spielberg figure at Madame Tussauds London (30318312944).jpg|thumb|upright|Waxwork of Spielberg at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]
In 2001, he was awarded an [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom#Honorary awards|honorary knighthood]], [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]], by [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] for services to the British film industry.<ref>{{cite news |date=January 30, 2001 |title=Spielberg receives Royal honour |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1142446.stm |url-status=live |access-date=January 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020111014/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1142446.stm |archive-date=October 20, 2014}}</ref>{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=97}} ''[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]'' ranked him first place in the list of 100 Most Powerful People in Movies in 2003.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=1}} In 2004, he was awarded France's highest civil honor, the [[Legion of Honour]] by President [[Jacques Chirac]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2004 |title=Spielberg awarded Légion d'Honneur |url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/sep/06/news.stevenspielberg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184224/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/sep/06/news.stevenspielberg |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> In June 2008, Spielberg received [[Arizona State University]]'s Hugh Downs Award for Communication Excellence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2008 |title=Spielberg receives ASU award for communication excellence |url=https://news.asu.edu/20201228-spielberg-receives-asu-award-communication-excellence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214021417/https://news.asu.edu/20201228-spielberg-receives-asu-award-communication-excellence |archive-date=February 14, 2023 |access-date=December 15, 2020 |website=[[Arizona State University|Arizona State University News]] |language=en}}</ref> In October 2009, Spielberg received the [[Philadelphia Liberty Medal]]; the prize was presented by former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mucha |first=Peter |date=August 4, 2009 |title=Steven Spielberg is winner of 2009 Liberty Medal |url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/breaking/20090804_Liberty_Medal_winner_to_be_announced_this_morning.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184232/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/breaking/20090804_Liberty_Medal_winner_to_be_announced_this_morning.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2009 |title=Spielberg Receives Liberty Medal Award In Philly |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spielberg-receives-liberty-medal-award-in-philly/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184234/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spielberg-receives-liberty-medal-award-in-philly/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |website=[[CBS News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In October 2011, he was made a Commander of the [[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Order of the Belgian Crown]], one of Belgium's highest honors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Casert |first=Raf |date=October 22, 2011 |title=Tintin has world premiere in Belgian hometown |url=http://www.today.com/popculture/tintin-has-world-premiere-belgian-hometown-1C9426637 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184238/https://www.today.com/popculture/tintin-has-world-premiere-belgian-hometown-1C9426637 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |language=en}}</ref>
On November 19, 2013, Spielberg was honored by the [[National Archives and Records Administration]] with a Records of Achievement Award. Spielberg was given two [[facsimile]]s of the [[13th Amendment to the United States Constitution|13th Amendment]]; the first which passed in 1861 but was not ratified, and the second signed by [[Abraham Lincoln]] in 1865 to abolish slavery. The amendment and the process of passing it were the subject of his film ''Lincoln''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Ted |date=November 21, 2013 |title=Steven Spielberg Honored by National Archives |url=https://variety.com/2013/biz/news/steven-spielberg-honored-by-national-archives-1200861205/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184317/https://variety.com/2013/biz/news/steven-spielberg-honored-by-national-archives-1200861205/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> On November 24, 2015, Spielberg was awarded the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] from [[President of the United States|President]] [[Barack Obama]] at the [[White House]].<ref>{{cite web |date=November 16, 2015 |title=President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom |url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128065413/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/16/president-obama-names-recipients-presidential-medal-freedom |archive-date=January 28, 2017 |access-date=November 16, 2015 |work=[[whitehouse.gov]] |via=[[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]}}</ref>

In July 2016, Spielberg was awarded a gold [[Blue Peter badge]] by the BBC children's television programme ''[[Blue Peter]].''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burns |first=Catherine |date=July 22, 2016 |title=Steven Spielberg has just won at life. He's got a Gold Blue Peter badge |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-36865145 |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184239/https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-36865145 |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> Spielberg has honorary degrees from the [[University of Southern California]], 1994;<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2, 1994 |title=Honorary Degrees |url=https://news.usc.edu/4989/honorary-degrees-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184238/https://news.usc.edu/4989/honorary-degrees-2/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 18, 2020 |website=[[University of Southern California|USC News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Brown University]], 1999;<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 1999 |title=98–136 (1999 Honorary Degrees) |url=https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/1998-99/98-136.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184239/https://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/1998-99/98-136.html |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 18, 2020 |publisher=[[Brown University]]}}</ref> [[Yale University]], 2002;{{Sfn|Jackson|2007|p=113}} [[Boston University]], 2009;<ref>{{cite news |last=Daniloff |first=Caleb |date=May 13, 2009 |title=Honoring Steven Spielberg: Talking about old-school filmmaking, the virtues of TV, and the scent of film |newspaper=[[BU Today]] |url=http://www.bu.edu/today/2009/honoring-steven-spielberg/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109102417/http://www.bu.edu/today/2009/honoring-steven-spielberg/ |archive-date=January 9, 2014}}</ref> and [[Harvard University]], 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibson |first=Katie |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Nine to receive honorary degrees |language=en-US |website=[[Harvard Gazette]] |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/05/nine-to-receive-honorary-degrees/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184239/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/05/nine-to-receive-honorary-degrees/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref>
<!--Table is for nominations & wins received only by films directed by Spielberg. DO NOT INCLUDE MOVIES THAT WERE ONLY PRODUCED BY HIM & WEREN'T DIRECTED BY HIM-->
{| class="wikitable"
|+Awards and nominations received by Spielberg's films
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" | Title
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" width=160| Academy Awards
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" width=160| BAFTA Awards
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" width=160| Golden Globe Awards
|-
! Nominations
! Wins
! Nominations
! Wins
! Nominations
! Wins
|-
| 1975
| ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]''
|align=center|4
|align=center|3
|align=center|7
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|align=center|1
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]''
|align=center|9
|align=center|2
|align=center|9
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|
|-
| 1979
| ''[[1941 (film)|1941]]''
|align=center|3
|
|
|
|align=center|5
|
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''
|align=center|9
|align=center|5
|align=center|7
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|
|-
| 1982
| ''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]''
|align=center|9
|align=center|4
|align=center|12
|align=center|1
|align=center|5
|align=center|2
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]''
|align=center|2
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|align=center|1
|
|
|-
| 1985
| ''[[The Color Purple (1985 film)|The Color Purple]]''
|align=center|11
|
|align=center|1
|
|align=center|5
|align=center|1
|-
| 1987
|''[[Empire of the Sun (film)|Empire of the Sun]]''
|align=center|6
|
|align=center|6
|align=center|3
|align=center|2
|
|-
| 1989
| ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''
|align=center|3
|align=center|1
|align=center|3
|
|align=center|1
|
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Hook (film)|Hook]]''
|align=center|5
|
|
|
|align=center|1
|
|-
|rowspan=2| 1993
| ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]''
|align=center|3
|align=center|3
|align=center|3
|align=center|2
|
|
|-
| ''[[Schindler's List]]''
|align=center|12
|align=center|7
|align=center|13
|align=center|7
|align=center|6
|align=center|3
|-
|rowspan=2| 1997
| ''[[The Lost World: Jurassic Park]]''
|align=center|1
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Amistad (film)|Amistad]]''
|align=center|4
|
|
|
|align=center|4
|
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]''
|align=center|11
|align=center|5
|align=center|10
|align=center|2
|align=center|5
|align=center|2
|-
| 2001
| ''[[A.I. Artificial Intelligence]]''
|align=center|2
|
|align=center|1
|
|align=center|3
|
|-
|rowspan=2| 2002
| ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]''
|align=center|1
|
|align=center|1
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Catch Me If You Can]]''
|align=center|2
|
|align=center|4
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|
|-
|rowspan=2| 2005
| ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]''
|align=center|3
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| ''[[Munich (2005 film)|Munich]]''
|align=center|5
|
|
|
|align=center|2
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]''
|
|
|align=center|1
|
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2| 2011
| ''[[The Adventures of Tintin (film)|The Adventures of Tintin]]''
|align=center|1
|
|align=center|2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|-
| ''[[War Horse (film)|War Horse]]''
|align=center|6
|
|align=center|5
|
|align=center|2
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Lincoln (film)|Lincoln]]''
|align=center|12
|align=center|2
|align=center|10
|align=center|1
|align=center|7
|align=center|1
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Bridge of Spies (film)|Bridge of Spies]]''
|align=center|6
|align=center|1
|align=center|9
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[The BFG (2016 film)|The BFG]]''
|
|
|align=center|1
|
|
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[The Post (film)|The Post]]''
|align=center|2
|
|
|
|align=center|6
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Ready Player One (film)|Ready Player One]]''
|align=center|1
|
|align=center|1
|
|
|
|-
| 2021
| ''[[West Side Story (2021 film)|West Side Story]]''
|align=center|7
|align=center|1
|align=center|5
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|align=center|3
|-
| 2022
|''[[The Fabelmans]]''
|align=center|7
|
|align=center|1
|
|align=center|5
|align=center|2
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!align=center|147
!align=center|35
!align=center|116
!align=center|22
!align=center|75
!align=center|16
|}

== Legacy ==
[[File:Steven Spielberg - Walk of Fame.jpg|thumb|right|Spielberg's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame|169x169px]]A figure of the [[New Hollywood]] era,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tibbetts |first=John C.|author-link=John C. Tibbetts|title=Those Who Made It : Speaking with the Legends of Hollywood |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-137-54190-1 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |page=82 |oclc=908990396}}</ref> Spielberg is widely regarded as one of the most influential and commercially successful film directors of all time. Some of his films were in the top ten highest-grossing films of the 1970s and 1980s, with ''Jaws'', ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' and ''Jurassic Park'' all becoming [[Timeline of highest-grossing films|the highest-grossing film ever at the time]] of their respective releases.{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=1}}{{Sfn|Hook|2010|p=7}}{{Sfn|Freer|2001|p=vi}} In 1996, ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine named Spielberg the most influential person of his generation.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=June 3, 1996 |title=Spielberg Tops Life List of 50 Influential Boomers |url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1996-06-03-9606020389-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184252/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 15, 2020 |website=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2003, ''[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]'' magazine ranked him first place in the list of 100 Most Powerful People in Movies''.''{{Sfn|Parish|2004|p=1}} In 2005, ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine ranked him number one on a list of the greatest film directors of all time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 1, 2005 |title=Spielberg voted 'best director' |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4600651.stm |url-status=live |access-date=November 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184221/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4600651.stm |archive-date=January 1, 2021}}</ref> In 2013, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine listed him as one of the [[Time 100|100 most influential]] people.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Brokaw|first=Tom|author-link=Tom Brokaw|date=April 18, 2013 |title=Steven Spielberg: The World's 100 Most Influential People |url=https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/steven-spielberg/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184226/https://time100.time.com/2013/04/18/time-100/slide/steven-spielberg/ |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |access-date=December 15, 2020}}</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}} magazine of Most Influential Celebrities of 2014, Spielberg was ranked at first place.<ref name="Independent- Most influential">{{cite news |last=Selby |first=Jenn |date=January 16, 2014 |title=Steven Spielberg tops Forbes Most Influential Celebrities of 2014 list |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/steven-spielberg-tops-forbes-most-influential-celebrities-of-2014-list-9063685.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/steven-spielberg-tops-forbes-most-influential-celebrities-of-2014-list-9063685.html |archive-date=May 25, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Influential celebrities">{{cite news |date=January 16, 2014 |title=Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 List Led By Steven Spielberg, Naturally |newspaper=[[The Huffington Post]] |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/16/forbes-most-influential-celebrities-2014_n_4611748.html |access-date=January 18, 2014 |archive-date=January 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117101734/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/16/forbes-most-influential-celebrities-2014_n_4611748.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Pomerantz">{{cite news |last=Pomerantz |first=Dorothy |date=January 15, 2014 |title=Steven Spielberg Tops Our List of the Most Influential Celebrities |newspaper=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2014/01/15/steven-spielberg-tops-our-list-of-the-most-influential-celebrities/ |url-status=live |access-date=January 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319085622/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2014/01/15/steven-spielberg-tops-our-list-of-the-most-influential-celebrities/?sh=2e4786e21841 |archive-date=March 19, 2022}}</ref> As of December 2022, ''Forbes'' estimates his net worth at $4{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steven Spielberg |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/steven-spielberg/ |access-date=December 17, 2022 |website=[[Forbes]] |archive-date=September 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925195728/https://www.forbes.com/profile/steven-spielberg/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

His work is admired by numerous acclaimed directors, including [[Robert Aldrich]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Arnold|first1=Edwin T.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2gm0LW617UC&pg=PA172|title=Robert Aldrich: Interviews|last2=Miller|first2=Eugene L.|year=2004|isbn=978-1-57806-602-5|pages=172|publisher=Univ. Press of Mississippi |access-date=October 8, 2020|archive-date=January 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184218/https://books.google.com/books?id=d2gm0LW617UC&pg=PA172|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ingmar Bergman]],<ref>{{cite web |date=July 31, 2007 |title=När Bergman går på bio |url=https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2007-07-30/nar-bergman-gar-pa-bio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204191740/https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2007-07-30/nar-bergman-gar-pa-bio |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=[[Sydsvenskan]] |language=sv}}</ref> [[Werner Herzog]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Foundas |first=Scott |date=September 23, 2002 |title=Interview: Strong Man on a Mission; Werner Herzog Talks About 'Invincible' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/article/interview_strong_man_on_a_mission_werner_herzog_talks_about_invincible/ |access-date=December 18, 2020 |website=[[IndieWire]] |archive-date=April 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426094709/https://www.indiewire.com/article/interview_strong_man_on_a_mission_werner_herzog_talks_about_invincible/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Stanley Kubrick]],<ref>{{cite web |title=On Kubrick – A Talk With Kubrick Documentarian Jan Harlan |url=https://www.dvdtalk.com/janharlaninterview.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214021405/https://www.dvdtalk.com/janharlaninterview.html |archive-date=February 14, 2023 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=[[DVD Talk]] |publisher=}}</ref> [[David Lean]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=Organ |first=Steven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kzVEXi4Plw0C |title=David Lean Interviews |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-60473-235-1 |pages=95 |access-date=October 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184227/https://books.google.com/books?id=kzVEXi4Plw0C |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sidney Lumet]],<ref>{{cite web |date=January 7, 2008 |title=The Hollywood Interview: Sidney Lumet |url=http://thehollywoodinterview.blogspot.com/2008/01/sidney-lumet-hollywood-interview.html |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=The Hollywood Interview |publisher=[[Blogger (service)|Blogger]] |archive-date=April 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411202031/http://thehollywoodinterview.blogspot.com/2008/01/sidney-lumet-hollywood-interview.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Roman Polanski]],<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Polanski |first1=Roman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pckg8k3g-PkC&q=%22that+film+challenged+some+of+my+preconceptions%22&pg=PA167 |title=Roman Polanski: Interviews |last2=Cronin |first2=Paul |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57806-799-2 |pages=167 |access-date=October 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184258/https://books.google.com/books?id=Pckg8k3g-PkC&q=%22that+film+challenged+some+of+my+preconceptions%22&pg=PA167 |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Martin Scorsese]],<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NV8k4tNCB6k |title=Steven Spielberg Receives Cecil B. DeMille Award – Golden Globes 2009 |date=October 12, 2009 |type=Television production |access-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312211739/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NV8k4tNCB6k |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |url-status=live|via=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> [[François Truffaut]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Rowley |first=Stephen |title=Genre, Auteurism, and Spielberg |url=http://home.mira.net/~satadaca/genre2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504134502/https://home.mira.net/~satadaca/genre2.htm |archive-date=May 4, 2011 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=Cinephobia |publisher=}}</ref> and [[Jean Renoir]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 14, 2013|title=The Spielberg Hundred #002: A Letter from Jean Renoir|work=Spectacular Attractions|url=https://drnorth.wordpress.com/2013/09/14/the-spielberg-hundred-002-a-letter-from-jean-renoir/|access-date=November 14, 2021|archive-date=November 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114233634/https://drnorth.wordpress.com/2013/09/14/the-spielberg-hundred-002-a-letter-from-jean-renoir/|url-status=live}}</ref> Spielberg's films have also influenced directors [[J. J. Abrams]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Joanna |date=April 27, 2009 |title=Five Favourite Films With J. J. Abrams |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/five-favourite-films-with-j-j-abrams/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706163244/https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/five-favourite-films-with-j-j-abrams/ |archive-date=July 6, 2020 |access-date=December 25, 2022 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> [[Paul Thomas Anderson]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnston|first=Robert K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJn4PKjxIcUC&q=%22paul+thomas+anderson%22+%22close+encounters%22&pg=PA74|title=Useless Beauty: Ecclesiastes Through the Lens of Contemporary Film|publisher=Baker Academic|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8010-2785-7|location=Michigan|page=74|access-date=May 25, 2012|archive-date=January 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184225/https://books.google.com/books?id=yJn4PKjxIcUC&q=%22paul+thomas+anderson%22+%22close+encounters%22&pg=PA74|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Neill Blomkamp]],<ref>{{cite web|date=August 18, 2009|title=District 9 (2009) – Neill Blomkamp Interview|url=http://www.scifimoviepage.com/upcoming/previews/district9-sequel.html|access-date=January 31, 2011|website=Sci-Fi Movie Page|archive-date=June 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627032541/http://www.scifimoviepage.com/upcoming/previews/district9-sequel.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Roland Emmerich]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Vo |first=Alex |date=November 10, 2009 |title=Five Favorite Films with Roland Emmerich |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/2012/news/1854593/five-favorite-films-with-roland-emmerich/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617060408/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/2012/news/1854593/five-favorite-films-with-roland-emmerich/ |archive-date=June 17, 2013 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> [[Peter Jackson]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Goodsell |first=Luke |date=December 23, 2009 |title=Five Favorite Films With Peter Jackson |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1189344-lovely_bones/news/1861930/five_favorite_films_with_peter_jackson/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920202158/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1189344-lovely_bones/news/1861930/five_favorite_films_with_peter_jackson/ |archive-date=September 20, 2013 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Kal Ng,<ref>{{cite web |last=Xuan |first=Liu |date=October 2000 |title=Interview with Kal Ng |url=http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/00/10/ng.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225150706/https://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/00/10/ng.html |archive-date=December 25, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[Senses of Cinema]]}}</ref> [[Robert Rodriguez]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Yamato |first=Jen |date=July 25, 2009 |title=Five Favorite Films with Robert Rodriguez |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/comic_con_2009/news/1834188/five_favorite_films_with_robert_rodriguez/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100302180203/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/comic_con_2009/news/1834188/five_favorite_films_with_robert_rodriguez |archive-date=March 2, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> [[John Sayles]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sayles |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cGjdRbHCyYC |title=John Sayles: interviews |last2=Carson |first2=Dan |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-57806-138-9 |pages=98 |access-date=October 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184223/https://books.google.com/books?id=0cGjdRbHCyYC |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ridley Scott]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ridley |first1=Scott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpF6yekYJeEC |title=Ridley Scott: interviews |last2=Knapp |first2=Laurence F. |last3=Kulas |first3=Andrea F. |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57806-726-8 |pages=184 |access-date=October 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101184239/https://books.google.com/books?id=kpF6yekYJeEC |archive-date=January 1, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[John Singleton]],<ref>{{cite book |author1=Barboza |first=Craigh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrTB2Uf7kEIC |title=John Singleton: Interviews |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-60473-116-3 |pages=ix}}</ref> [[Kevin Smith]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Vo |first=Alex |date=October 27, 2008 |title=Five Favorite Films with Kevin Smith |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1190296-zack_and_miri_make_a_porno/news/1776943/five_favorite_films_with_kevin_smith/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718185710/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1190296-zack_and_miri_make_a_porno/news/1776943/five_favorite_films_with_kevin_smith/ |archive-date=July 18, 2010 |access-date=January 31, 2011 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> [[Don Hertzfeldt]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mufson |first=Beckett |date=April 5, 2015 |title=10 Confessions from 'Rejected Cartoons' Animator Don Hertzfeldt |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/4xqa8p/10-confessions-from-rejected-cartoons-animator-don-hertzfeldt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209011756/https://www.vice.com/en/article/4xqa8p/10-confessions-from-rejected-cartoons-animator-don-hertzfeldt |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2022 |website=[[Vice News|Vice]]}}</ref> [[Gareth Edwards (director)|Gareth Edwards]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Jagernauth |first=Kevin |date=May 1, 2014 |title=Watch: Gareth Edwards Names His 3 Filmmaking Heroes Plus New 'Godzilla' Featurette Goes Behind The Scenes |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2014/05/watch-gareth-edwards-names-his-3-filmmaking-heroes-plus-new-godzilla-featurette-goes-behind-the-scenes-86492/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618113656/https://www.indiewire.com/2014/05/watch-gareth-edwards-names-his-3-filmmaking-heroes-plus-new-godzilla-featurette-goes-behind-the-scenes-86492/ |archive-date=June 18, 2016 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |work=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> and [[Enrique Gato]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.talentoabordo.com/en/cinema-and-theatre/enrique-gato-tad-the-lost-explorer | title=Enrique Gato, the father of Tadeo Jones &#124; Talento a Bordo }}</ref>

In 2004, film critic [[Tom Shone]] said of Spielberg, "If you have to point to any one director of the last twenty-five years [1979–2004] in whose work the medium of film was most fully itself – where we found out what it does best when left to its own devices, it has to be that guy."{{Sfn|Shone|2004|p=80}} Jess Cagle, former editor of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', called Spielberg "...&nbsp;arguably (well, who would argue?) the greatest filmmaker in history."<ref>"Spielberg and You" – Entertainment Weekly. p. 6. 12/9/11.</ref> Stephen Rowley, writing for ''[[Senses of Cinema]],'' discussed Spielberg's strengths as a filmmaker, saying "there is a welcome complexity of tone and approach in these later films that defies the lazy stereotypes often bandied about his films", and that "Spielberg continues to take risks, with his body of work continuing to grow more impressive and ambitious", concluding that he has only received "limited, begrudging recognition" from critics.<ref name="Rowley" /> In a 1999 "Millennium Movies" survey of British film fans run by the [[Sky Premier]] channel, Spielberg had seven films in the top 100, which made him the most popular director.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 11, 1999 |title=Star Wars hailed best film |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/391658.stm |access-date=November 3, 2021 |work=[[BBC News]] |archive-date=April 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415163505/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/391658.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Critics of Spielberg have argued that his films are commonly sentimental and [[Moralism|moralistic]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heath |first=Glenn Jr. |date=April 14, 2011 |title=Review: Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence on Paramount Blu-ray |url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/a-i-artificial-intelligence-bd/ |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=[[Slant Magazine]] |language=en-US |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313093605/https://www.slantmagazine.com/dvd/a-i-artificial-intelligence-bd/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Thorsen |first=Tor |title=A.I.: Artificial Intelligence |url=http://www.reel.com/movie.asp?MID=131724&Tab=reviews&CID=13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080210071037/http://www.reel.com/movie.asp?MID=131724&Tab=reviews&CID=13 |archive-date=February 10, 2008 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=Reel.com}}</ref><ref name="Rowley">{{cite web |author=Rowley, Stephen |date=February 6, 2006 |title=Steven Spielberg |url=http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2006/great-directors/spielberg/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305063853/http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/directors/06/spielberg.html |archive-date=March 5, 2008 |access-date=March 16, 2007 |website=[[Senses of Cinema]]}}</ref> In ''[[Easy Riders, Raging Bulls]]'', [[Peter Biskind]] wrote that Spielberg is "infantilizing the audience, reconstituting the spectator as child, then overwhelming him and her with sound and spectacle, obliterating irony, aesthetic self-consciousness, and critical reflection".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Biskind |first=Peter|author-link=Peter Biskind|title=Easy Riders, Raging Bulls: How the Sex-Drugs-and-Rock 'N Roll Generation Saved Hollywood |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |year=1998 |isbn=978-0684857084 |location=New York|oclc=38389788}}</ref> Critic [[Ray Carney]] and actor [[Crispin Glover]] opined that Spielberg's works lack depth and do not take risks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carney |first=Ray |author-link=Ray Carney |date=2003 |title=There's no Business like Show Business |url=https://people.bu.edu/rcarney/carncult/showbiz.shtml |access-date=December 24, 2022 |website=Carney on Culture |publisher=[[Boston University]] |archive-date=December 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225030954/https://people.bu.edu/rcarney/carncult/showbiz.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Glover |first=Crispin |author-link=Crispin Glover |title=What Is It? |url=http://thecrispincorner.com/essay.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503191918/http://thecrispincorner.com/essay.html |archive-date=May 3, 2006 |access-date=September 1, 2007 |website=The Crispin Corner}}</ref> Filmmaker [[Jean-Luc Godard]] opined that Spielberg was partly responsible for the lack of artistic merit in mainstream cinema, and accused Spielberg of using ''Schindler's List'' to profit from a tragedy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gibron |first=Bill |date=April 20, 2007 |title=Short Cuts – Forgotten Gems: In Praise of Love (2001) |url=https://www.popmatters.com/short-cuts-forgotten-gems-in-praise-of-love-2001-2496204237.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203090823/https://www.popmatters.com/short-cuts-forgotten-gems-in-praise-of-love-2001-2496204237.html |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=[[PopMatters]] |language=en-US}}</ref> In defense of Spielberg, critic [[Roger Ebert]] said "Has Godard or any other director living or dead done more than Spielberg, with his Holocaust Project, to honor and preserve the memories of the survivors?"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |date=October 18, 2002 |title=In Praise of Love movie review (2002) |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-praise-of-love-2002 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=[[RogerEbert.com]] |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204173527/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/in-praise-of-love-2002 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Seven of his films have been inducted into the [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant": ''Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Raiders of the Lost Ark, E.T., Jurassic Park, Schindler's List,'' and ''Saving Private Ryan''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191832/https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/ |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=December 16, 2020 |website=[[Library of Congress]] |publication-place=Washington, DC}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[CinemaScore#List of "A+" films|Directors with two films rated "A+" by CinemaScore]]
* [[Steven Spielberg's unrealized projects]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite book|last=Baxter|first=John|author-link=John Baxter (author)|title=Steven Spielberg: The Unauthorised Biography|publisher=Harper Collins|year=1996|isbn=9780002555876|location=London}}
* {{Cite book|last=Buckland|first=Warren|title=Directed by Steven Spielberg: Poetics of the Contemporary Hollywood Blockbuster|publisher=Continuum|year=2006|isbn=9780826416919|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|last=Edge|first=Laura Bufano|title=Steven Spielberg: Director of Blockbuster Films|publisher=Enslow Publishers|year=2008|isbn=9780766028883|location=Berkeley Heights, New Jersey}}
* {{Cite book|last=Freer|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Freer|title=The Complete Spielberg|publisher=Virgin Publishing|year=2001|isbn=9780753505564|location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/completespielber0000free |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hook|first=Sue Vander|title=Steven Spielberg: Groundbreaking Director|publisher=Abdo Publishing Company|year=2010|isbn=9781604537048|location=Edina, Minnesota}}
* {{Cite book|last=Horn|first=Geoffrey M.|title=Steven Spielberg|publisher=World Almanac Library|year=2002|isbn=9780836850802|location=Milwaukee}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jackson|first=Kathi|title=Steven Spielberg: A Biography|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2007|isbn=9780313337963|location=Westport, Connecticut}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mairata|first=James|title=Steven Spielberg's Style by Stealth|publisher=Springer International Publishing|year=2018|isbn=9783319690810|location=Cham, Switzerland}}
* {{Cite book|last=Mara|first=Wil|author-link=Wil Mara|title=Great Filmmakers Steven Spielberg|publisher=Cavendish Square Publishing|year=2014|isbn=9781627129367|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|last=McBride|first=Joseph|author-link=Joseph McBride (writer)|title=Steven Spielberg: A Biography|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1997|isbn=9780684811673|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|last=Parish|first=James Robert|author-link=James Robert Parish|title=Steven Spielberg Filmmaker|publisher=Ferguson|year=2004|isbn=9780816054817|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pogrebin|first=Abigail|author-link=Abigail Pogrebin|title=Stars of David: Prominent Jews Talk About Being Jewish|publisher=Broadway Books|year=2005|isbn=9780307419323|location=New York}}
* {{Cite book|last=Shone|first=Tom|author-link=Tom Shone|title=Blockbuster: How Hollywood Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Summer|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2004|isbn=9780743235686|location=New York}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Haskell |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Haskell |year=2017 |title=Steven Spielberg: A Life in Films |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-18693-2|ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last=Jolls|first=Michael|title=The Films of Steven Spielberg |publisher=Create Space |year=2018 |isbn=978-1986039680|ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last=Morris|first=Nigel|title=The Cinema of Steven Spielberg: Empire of Light |publisher=Wallflower Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-904764-88-5|ref=none}}
* {{cite book|last1=Spielberg|first1=Steven|last2=Friedman|first2=Lester D.|last3=Notbohm|first3=Brent|title=Steven Spielberg: Interviews|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|year=2000|isbn=978-1-57806-113-6|ref=none}}

== External links ==
{{sister project links|d=Q8877|c=category:Steven Spielberg|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|species=no}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{TCMDb name}}
* {{AllMovie name}}
* {{C-SPAN|80561}}
* {{Curlie|Arts/Movies/Filmmaking/Directing/Directors/S/Spielberg%2C_Steven/}}
* {{New York Times topic|new_id=person/steven-spielberg}}
* {{SFHOF|956}}
* {{The Interviews about|steven-spielberg}}
* [https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;cc=wiarchives;view=text;rgn=main;didno=uw-whs-us0147an Joseph McBride Papers, 1960–2008] – [[Wisconsin Historical Society]]

{{Steven Spielberg}}
{{Navboxes
|title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg|Awards for Steven Spielberg]]
|list =
{{Academy Award Best Picture Producers}}
{{Academy Award for Best Director}}
{{AARP Movies for Grownups Award for Best Director}}
{{AFI Life Achievement Award}}
{{BAFTA Best Film recipients}}
{{BAFTA Award for Best Direction}}
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}
{{Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director}}
{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}
{{Cannes Film Festival Best Screenplay Award}}
{{Cecil B. DeMille Award}}
{{Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Director}}
{{Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Director}}
{{David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Theatrical Motion Pictures}}
{{Directors Guild of America Award Feature Film}}
{{DirectorsGuildofAmericaAwardLifetimeFilm}}
{{International Emmy Founders Award}}
{{Empire Award for Best Director}}
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Director}}
{{Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film}}
{{Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement}}
{{Hasty Pudding Man of the Year}}
{{Honorary César}}
{{Honorary Golden Bear}}
{{Inkpot Award 1980s}}
{{Inkpot Award 2010s}}
{{Thalberg Award}}
{{Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s}}
{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Director}}
{{National Board of Review Award for Best Director}}
{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director}}
{{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Director}}
{{The President's Memorial Award}}
{{Producers Guild of America Milestone Award}}
{{Saturn Award for Best Director}}
{{Saturn Award for Best Writing}}
{{TFCA Award for Best Director}}
{{Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Director}}
{{Winsor McCay Award 2010s}}
}}
{{Cannes Film Festival jury presidents}}
{{Portal bar|Film|United States|Biography|Speculative fiction}}
{{Authority control}}

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