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{{Short description|Crater on the Moon}} |
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{{Infobox Lunar crater |
{{Infobox Lunar crater |
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| image = File:Surveyor crater M114104917RC.jpg |
| image = File:Surveyor crater M114104917RC.jpg |
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| image_size = 240px |
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| caption = [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|LRO]] Narrow Angle Camera image. The [[Apollo 12]] Lunar Module ''Intrepid'' is in upper left, the [[Surveyor 3]] lander is on the right side of the crater, and astronaut tracks are visible as dark lines. |
| caption = [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|LRO]] Narrow Angle Camera image. The [[Apollo 12]] Lunar Module ''Intrepid'' is in upper left, the [[Surveyor 3]] lander is on the right side of the crater, and astronaut tracks are visible as dark lines. |
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| coordinates = {{coord|3.02|S|23.42|W|globe:moon_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|3.02|S|23.42|W|globe:moon_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |
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'''Surveyor''' crater is a small crater in [[ |
'''Surveyor''' crater is a small crater in [[Oceanus Procellarum]] on the [[Moon]]. The name of the crater was formally adopted by the [[IAU]] in 1973.<ref name=GPN/> |
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On April 20, 1967, the [[Surveyor 3]] spacecraft landed within the crater near the east rim. Surveyor 3 was the third lander of the [[United States|American]] unmanned [[Surveyor Program|Surveyor program]] sent to explore the surface of the Moon. |
On April 20, 1967, the [[Surveyor 3]] spacecraft landed within the crater near the east rim. Surveyor 3 was the third lander of the [[United States|American]] unmanned [[Surveyor Program|Surveyor program]] sent to explore the surface of the Moon. |
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The [[Apollo 12]] astronauts [[Pete Conrad]] and [[Alan Bean]] landed the [[Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module]] (LM) ''Intrepid'' north of Surveyor crater on November |
The [[Apollo 12]] astronauts [[Pete Conrad]] and [[Alan Bean]] landed the [[Apollo Lunar Module|Lunar Module]] (LM) ''Intrepid'' north of Surveyor crater on November 19, 1969, and eventually walked over to Surveyor 3. During their descent, Surveyor crater was a major landmark, and is the largest crater at the landing site. To the west of Surveyor is [[Head (crater)|Head]] crater. To the southwest are [[Bench (crater)|Bench]] crater and [[Sharp-Apollo (crater)|Sharp]] crater (now called Sharp-Apollo). To the south is [[Halo (crater)|Halo]] crater. A distinct crater on the northeast rim is called ''Block'' crater. |
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[[File:Surveyor crater AS12-46-6746-6748-6763.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Surveyor crater shortly after landing. The Surveyor 3 spacecraft is in shadow.]] |
[[File:Surveyor crater AS12-46-6746-6748-6763.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Surveyor crater shortly after landing. The Surveyor 3 spacecraft is in shadow.]] |
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[[File:Block crater AS12-48-7144-7145-7146-7147.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Block crater in foreground and Surveyor crater in background, near the end of second [[Extravehicular activity|EVA]] of the mission. Surveyor 3 spacecraft is visible behind Block.]] |
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{{clear}} |
{{clear}} |
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==Samples== |
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Many [[Moon rock|samples]] were collected in and around Surveyor crater.<ref>''[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19700025955/downloads/19700025955.pdf Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report]'', NASA Special Publication 235, 1970. Figure 10-1 (Traverse Map).</ref> Samples taken near the LM on the north rim of Surveyor crater include drive tube sample 12026,<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12026.pdf Sample 12026]</ref> and contingency samples 12073 (regolith [[breccia]])<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12073.pdf Sample 12073]</ref> and 12075 ([[olivine]] [[basalt]]).<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12075.pdf Sample 12075]</ref> Soil Sample 12042 was collected on the southwest rim near Halo crater.<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12042.pdf Sample 12042]</ref> Samples 12043 ([[pigeonite]] basalt),<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12043.pdf Sample 12043]</ref> 12044 (soil),<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12044.pdf Sample 12044]</ref> 12051 ([[ilmenite]] basalt),<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12051.pdf Sample 12051]</ref> and 12054 (glass-coated ilmenite basalt)<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12054.pdf Sample 12054]</ref> were collected on the south rim. Samples 12056,<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12056.pdf Sample 12056]</ref> 12062,<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12062.pdf Sample 12062]</ref> 12063,<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12063.pdf Sample 12063]</ref> 12064<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12064.pdf Sample 12064]</ref> (all ilmenite basalts), and 12065 (pigeonite basalt)<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12065.pdf Sample 12065]</ref> were all likely collected in the interior of the crater near the east rim and northeast of the Surveyor 3 lander. Samples 12045,<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12045.pdf Sample 12045]</ref> 12046,<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12046.pdf Sample 12046]</ref> and 12047<ref>[https://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/samples/atlas/compendium/12047.pdf Sample 12047]</ref> (all ilmenite basalts) were collected at Block crater on the north rim of Surveyor crater. |
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<gallery> |
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File:AS12-48-7031 (21034655224).jpg|Contingency samples 12073 and 12075 are in lower left |
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File:AS12-47-7008 (21472783239).jpg|Drive tube sample 12026 in the lunar soil |
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File:AS12-48-7082 (21469505038).jpg|Samples 12043 and 12044 |
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File:AS12-49-7318 (21495467488).jpg|Sample 12051 is in front of Commander Pete Conrad, below the gnomon |
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File:AS12-49-7315 (21683298105).jpg|Sample 12054 near the gnomon |
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</gallery> |
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==External links== |
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* [[Lunar Orbiter 3]] image [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunarorbiter/images/print/3154_h2.jpg 154 H2], used for planning the mission (landing site is left of center). |
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* [[Lunar Orbiter 1]] sequence of images [https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunarorbiter/frame/?1157 157], [https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunarorbiter/frame/?1158 158], and [https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/lunarorbiter/frame/?1159 159], showing the Apollo 12 landing site and vicinity |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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LRO Narrow Angle Camera image. The Apollo 12 Lunar Module Intrepid is in upper left, the Surveyor 3 lander is on the right side of the crater, and astronaut tracks are visible as dark lines.
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| Coordinates | 3°01′S 23°25′W / 3.02°S 23.42°W / -3.02; -23.42 |
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| Diameter | 200 m[1] |
| Depth | 12 m[2] |
| Eponym | Astronaut-named feature |
Surveyor crater is a small crater in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon. The name of the crater was formally adopted by the IAU in 1973.[1]
On April 20, 1967, the Surveyor 3 spacecraft landed within the crater near the east rim. Surveyor 3 was the third lander of the American unmanned Surveyor program sent to explore the surface of the Moon.
The Apollo 12 astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean landed the Lunar Module (LM) Intrepid north of Surveyor crater on November 19, 1969, and eventually walked over to Surveyor 3. During their descent, Surveyor crater was a major landmark, and is the largest crater at the landing site. To the west of Surveyor is Head crater. To the southwest are Bench crater and Sharp crater (now called Sharp-Apollo). To the south is Halo crater. A distinct crater on the northeast rim is called Block crater.
Many samples were collected in and around Surveyor crater.[3] Samples taken near the LM on the north rim of Surveyor crater include drive tube sample 12026,[4] and contingency samples 12073 (regolith breccia)[5] and 12075 (olivine basalt).[6] Soil Sample 12042 was collected on the southwest rim near Halo crater.[7] Samples 12043 (pigeonite basalt),[8] 12044 (soil),[9] 12051 (ilmenite basalt),[10] and 12054 (glass-coated ilmenite basalt)[11] were collected on the south rim. Samples 12056,[12] 12062,[13] 12063,[14] 12064[15] (all ilmenite basalts), and 12065 (pigeonite basalt)[16] were all likely collected in the interior of the crater near the east rim and northeast of the Surveyor 3 lander. Samples 12045,[17] 12046,[18] and 12047[19] (all ilmenite basalts) were collected at Block crater on the north rim of Surveyor crater.
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