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{{for|the album of the same name|The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus (album)}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus
| image          = The Rolling Stones Rock-and-Roll Circus poster 300x417px.jpg

| caption =
| director = [[Michael Lindsay-Hogg]]<ref name="The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus" />
| producer = [[Sanford Lieberson]]<ref name="The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus" /><ref name="nyt96maslin" />
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[The Rolling Stones]]
*[[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]]
*[[The Who]]
*[[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]]
*[[Marianne Faithfull]]
*[[The Dirty Mac]]
*[[Yoko Ono]]
*[[Robert George John Francis Fossett|Robert Fossett's Circus]]
*The Nurses<ref name="nyt96maslin" />
}}
| music =
| cinematography = [[Anthony B. Richmond]]
| editing = {{plainlist|
*[[Ruth Foster]]
*Robin Klein<ref name="The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus">{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/523970/Rolling-Stones-Rock-and-Roll-Circus-The/full-credits.html|title=The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus|work=[[Turner Classic Movies]]|location=Atlanta|publisher=[[Turner Broadcasting System]] ([[Time Warner]])|access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="nyt96maslin" />
}}
| distributor = [[ABKCO Records|ABKCO Films]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1996|10|12|[[New York Film Festival]]}}
| runtime = 66 minutes
| country = United Kingdom
| language = English
| studio = [[BBC]]
}}
'''''The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus''''' was a British concert film hosted by and featuring [[the Rolling Stones]], filmed on 11–12 December 1968. It was directed by [[Michael Lindsay-Hogg]], who proposed the idea of a "rock and roll circus" to Jagger.<ref name="Alfred A. Knopf">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJ1A-oHTgT0C&q=Circus | isbn=9780307594686 | title=Luck and Circumstance: A Coming of Age in Hollywood, New York, and Points Beyond | year=2011 | publisher=Alfred A. Knopf }}</ref> The show was filmed on a makeshift circus stage with [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[The Who]], [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]], [[Marianne Faithfull]], and the Rolling Stones. [[John Lennon]] and his [[fiancee]] [[Yoko Ono]] performed as part of a one-shot [[Supergroup (music)|supergroup]] called [[The Dirty Mac]], featuring [[Eric Clapton]] on guitar, [[Mitch Mitchell]] (of [[The Jimi Hendrix Experience]]) on drums, and the Stones' [[Keith Richards]] on bass. The recently formed [[Led Zeppelin]] had been considered for inclusion, but the idea was rejected.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJ1A-oHTgT0C&q=zeppelin | isbn=9780307594686 | title=Luck and Circumstance: A Coming of Age in Hollywood, New York, and Points Beyond | year=2011 | publisher=Alfred A. Knopf }}</ref> (As the Who's [[Pete Townshend]] recalled, an earlier idea for a circus-themed concert tour had been floated; it would have featured the Stones, the Who, and the [[Small Faces]].)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/radically-festive-ithe-rolling-stones-rock-and-roll-circusi | title="Radically Festive": The Rolling Stones' Rock and Roll Circus. By Mat Snow : Articles, reviews and interviews from Rock's Backpages }}</ref>

The film was meant to be aired on the [[BBC]], but the Rolling Stones withheld it, contending that they did so because they felt their performance was substandard; they were clearly exhausted after 15 hours of filming (and some indulgence in drugs).<ref name="ultimateclassicrock.com">{{cite web|url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/rolling-stones-rock-and-roll-circus-concert/|title=The Story of 'The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus'|website=Ultimate Classic Rock|date=11 December 2015 }}</ref> It was [[Brian Jones]]' last appearance with the Rolling Stones; he drowned some seven months later while the film was being edited. Some speculate that another reason for not releasing the film was that the Who, who were fresh off a concert tour, upstaged the Stones on their own production.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=6785120|title=The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus|work=CD Universe Store}} - {{IMDb title|id=0122689|title=The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus}} - {{cite web|url=http://www.tinymixtapes.com/delorean/rolling-stones-rolling-stones-rock-and-roll-circus|title=1996: The Rolling Stones – The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus|work=Tiny Mix Tapes| first=David |last=Brusie |date= 12 February 2009}} - See infobox picture for appearances - {{cite web|url=http://www.chud.com/14217/stones-on-film-the-rolling-stones-rock-and-roll-circus-19681996/|title=STONES ON FILM: THE ROLLING STONES ROCK AND ROLL CIRCUS (1968/1996)|work=Chud.com|last=Fischer|first=Russ|date=4 February 2008|access-date=25 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215120453/http://www.chud.com/14217/stones-on-film-the-rolling-stones-rock-and-roll-circus-19681996/|archive-date=15 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The show was not released commercially until October 1996.

== Concept and performance ==
The project was conceived by [[Mick Jagger]] as a way to promote the Stones' album ''[[Beggars Banquet]]'' beside conventional press and concert appearances.<ref name="ultimateclassicrock.com" /> Jagger approached Lindsay-Hogg, who had directed promos for two Rolling Stones songs in 1968, and would go on to direct the Beatles' [[Let It Be (1970 film)|''Let It Be'']] documentary, to make a full-length TV show for them. According to Lindsay-Hogg, the idea of combining rock music and a [[Circus (performing art)|circus]] setting came to him when he was trying to come up with ideas; he drew a circle on a piece of paper and [[Free association (psychology)|free-associated]].<ref name="Alfred A. Knopf"/>

The Rolling Stones and their guests performed in a replica of a seedy [[big top (circus)|big top]] on a British [[sound stage]]—the Intertel (V.T.R. Services) Studio, Wycombe Road, Wembley<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvstudiohistory.co.uk/studio%20history.htm#wycombe|title=London's old (and present) ITV studios |work=An incomplete history of London's television studios}}</ref>—in front of an invited audience. The performances began at around 2&nbsp;pm on 11 December 1968, but setting up between acts and reloading cameras took longer than planned, which meant that the final performances took place at almost 5 o'clock in the morning on the 12th.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Dalton|first1=David|title=The Rolling Stones' Masterful Rock & Roll Circus|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=19 March 1970|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-rolling-stones-masterful-rock-roll-circus-19700319|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>

By that time the audience and most of the Rolling Stones were exhausted. It was only due to Jagger's sheer enthusiasm and stamina, and Lindsay-Hogg's patience and encouragement,<ref name="Alfred A. Knopf"/> that they kept going until the end. Regardless, Jagger was reportedly so disappointed with his and the band's performance that he cancelled the airing of the film, and kept it from public view. [[Pete Townshend]] recalled:

:{{blockquote|When they really get moving, there is a kind of [[white magic]] that starts to replace the [[black magic]], and everything starts to really fly. That didn't happen on this occasion; there's no question about that. They weren't just usurped by The Who, they were also usurped by [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] – who was just, as always, extraordinary. They were usurped to some extent by the event itself: the crowd by the time the Stones went on were radically festive.<ref name="auto">''[[Mojo (magazine)|Mojo]]'', issue number and date unknown</ref>}}

Lindsay-Hogg recalled that the Stones' [[Brian Jones]] had phoned him the night before the scheduled filming in order to inform the director that he would not be participating in the film. "I hate the Rolling Stones," Jones told him. Lindsay-Hogg spoke with Jones for about twenty minutes and convinced him to come to the filming.<ref name="Alfred A. Knopf"/> It would prove to be Jones's final public performance with the Rolling Stones.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 30, 2019|first1=Dave|last=Lifton|title=Rolling Stones to Release 'Rock and Roll Circus' Box Set|url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/rolling-stones-rock-roll-circus-box-set/|access-date=31 July 2021|website=Ultimate Classic Rock }}</ref> For much of the Stones' set he is very low in the mix, although audio exists in which his guitar is much higher. His slide guitar on "[[No Expectations]]", maracas on "[[Sympathy for the Devil]]", and rhythm guitar on "[[Jumpin' Jack Flash]]" remain clear. [[Ian Anderson]] remarked:

:{{blockquote|Brian Jones was well past his [[Shelf life|sell-by date]] by then… We spoke to Brian and he didn't really know what was going on. He was rather cut off from the others – there was a lot of embarrassed silence. But a delightful chap, and we felt rather sorry for him… I was approached for an interview by a chap from ''[[Record Mirror]]''… I inadvertently remarked that the Stones were a bit under-rehearsed and that Brian couldn't even tune his guitar, which was literally the truth but a bit tactless and inappropriate for me to say. This was duly reported, whereupon Mick Jagger was mightily upset. I had to send a grovelling apology to his office.<ref name="auto" />}}

As well as marking the last live performance of [[Brian Jones]] with the band, it also marked the first time that long term collaborator [[Nicky Hopkins]] performed live with them, having contributed extensively to the ''[[Beggars Banquet]]'' sessions. The last song, "[[Salt of the Earth (song)|Salt of the Earth]]", was sung live by Keith Richards and Mick Jagger to the pre-recorded tape from the studio album on which the song had been released.

According to [[Bill Wyman]]'s book, ''Rolling with the Stones'', the Rolling Stones also performed "Confessing the Blues", "[[Route 66 (song)|Route 66]]" and an alternative take of "Sympathy for the Devil" with Brian Jones on guitar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzentgraf.de/books/tcw/works1.htm|title=The Complete Works of the Rolling Stones - Database|website=www.nzentgraf.de}}</ref>

Of the Dirty Mac's one-song, one-off performance, the journalist David Dalton, who attended the filming, wrote in ''Rolling Stone'' magazine in 1970, "Simply the presence of all these magicians together is completely overwhelming." After the group's performance of Lennon's "Yer Blues," which segued into an extended, avant-garde jam featuring Ono's wailing, Dalton described the audience as "totally awestruck; they do not move or talk. It was breathtaking."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-rolling-stones-rock-and-roll-circus | title=The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus. By David Dalton : Articles, reviews and interviews from Rock's Backpages }}</ref>

== Performers ==
*[[Robert George John Francis Fossett|Sir Robert Fossett's Circus]]
**Norman McGlen – dwarf
**Willie Shearer – dwarf
**[[Milton Reid]] – strongman
*[[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]]
**[[Ian Anderson]] – flute and vocals (recorded live)
**[[Glenn Cornick]] – bass guitar and harmonica (mimed)
**[[Tony Iommi]] – guitar (mimed)
**[[Clive Bunker]] – drums (mimed)
*[[The Who]]
**[[Roger Daltrey]] – vocals
**[[Pete Townshend]] – guitar and vocals
**[[John Entwistle]] – bass guitar and vocals
**[[Keith Moon]] – drums and vocals
*[[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] – harmonica and vocals
**[[Jesse Ed Davis]] – guitar
**Gary Gilmore – bass guitar
**Chuck Blackwell – drums
*[[Marianne Faithfull]] – vocals
**backed by pre-recorded instrumental tracks
*Danny Kamara – fire-eater
**[[Donyale Luna]] – assistant
*[[The Dirty Mac]]
**[[John Lennon]] – guitar and vocals
**[[Eric Clapton]] – guitar
**[[Keith Richards]] – bass guitar
**[[Mitch Mitchell]] – drums
**[[Ivry Gitlis]] – violin
**[[Yoko Ono]] – vocals
*[[The Rolling Stones]]
**[[Mick Jagger]] – vocals, harmonica (on [[Parachute Woman]])
**[[Keith Richards]] – guitar, vocals (on [[Salt of the Earth (song)|Salt of the Earth]]) 
**[[Brian Jones]] – guitar, slide guitar (on [[No Expectations]]), maracas (on [[Sympathy for the Devil]])
**[[Bill Wyman]] – bass guitar
**[[Charlie Watts]] – drums
**[[Nicky Hopkins]] – piano
**Kwasi [[Rocky Dzidzornu]] – percussion
**[[Julius Katchen]] – piano (bonus tracks only)

== Footage ==
The project was abandoned until Lindsay-Hogg attempted to edit the film in 1992 but, due to missing principal footage, the project was put on hold. Some of the footage of the concert was thought to be lost or destroyed until 1993, when it was discovered in a bin in the Who's private film vault by the director/producer team [[Michael Gochanour]] and Robin Klein. Subsequent to their discovery, Gochanour and Klein completed the unfinished film in autumn 1996.

A significant segment, of the Who performing "A Quick One", had been shown theatrically in the documentary ''[[The Kids Are Alright (1979 film)|The Kids Are Alright]]'' (1979), the only public viewing of the film until its eventual release. The full movie was restored, edited, and finally released on CD and [[VHS|video]] in 1996. Included on the recordings are the introductions for each act, including some entertaining banter between Jagger and Lennon.

This concert is the only footage of [[Black Sabbath]] guitarist [[Tony Iommi]] performing as a member of [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], during his brief two-week tenure as a replacement for [[Mick Abrahams]]. Coincidentally this is also the first live footage of Jethro Tull ever made; no footage of the original line-up with Abrahams (December 1967 – December 1968) is known to exist. The band [[Lip sync#Lip-synching in music|mimed]] to the album version of "[[A Song for Jeffrey]]" and "Fat Man," so the guitar heard is actually Abrahams, and not Iommi, who may not have known his part sufficiently after only a few days in the band. The Rolling Stones forced them to cut their rehearsal time short, although Ian Anderson sings and plays flute live on "A Song For Jeffrey." "Fat Man" never made the final release, although it is not unreasonable to assume he also sang that live, as the released version (which appears on ''[[Stand Up (Jethro Tull album)|Stand Up]]'') was not recorded until four months later. Finally, the footage shows Ian Anderson's first clumsy attempts at his now famous flute-playing position of standing on one leg.

== Reception ==
In a 1996 review, [[Janet Maslin]] lauded the "sleek young Stones in all their insolent glory presiding over this uneven but ripely nostalgic show"; although "rumor had it that the Stones... thought they looked tired and felt upstaged by the high-energy Who," "it hardly looks that way as Mick Jagger's fabulous performance nearly turns this into a [[one-man show]]." She called Jethro Tull's performance a "shaky start" by "arguably the most unbearable band of their day," said The Who "turn up early and stop traffic, delivering a fiery performance," and notes Yoko Ono's "glass-shattering shrieks" are "dutifully" backed by [[the Dirty Mac]]. She calls the concert-ending [[sing-along]] of "[[Salt of the Earth (song)|Salt of the Earth]]" smug and condescending, a "song about little people living in the real world."<ref name="nyt96maslin" />

== Theatrical releases ==
;October 1996
The film was premiered on 12 October 1996 at the [[Walter Reade Theater]] as part of the [[New York Film Festival]].<ref name="nyt96maslin" />

;April 2019
In March 2019, it was announced that the film would be receiving a limited theatrical release in [[Dolby Cinema]] in early April, as the first concert film was due to be remastered with [[Dolby]]'s [[Dolby Atmos|Atmos]] and [[Dolby Vision|Vision]], in conjunction with what was still then the ongoing North American leg of the Rolling Stones' [[No Filter Tour]] (before it was later postponed). Indeed, a limited U.S. remastered theatrical release of the film run during the first week of April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Appleford|first=Steve|date=19 March 2019|title=Rolling Stones' 'Circus,' once lost and unfinished, will receive a theatrical release|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-rolling-stones-circus-20190319-story.html|access-date=31 July 2021|website=Los Angeles Times}} - http://www.rockandrollcircusthefilm.com/</ref>

== Home media==
''The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus'' was released in October 1996 on [[VHS]] and [[laserdisc]] following two days of screenings at the [[Walter Reade Theater]] as part of the [[New York Film Festival]].<ref name="nyt96maslin"/>

A DVD version, produced by Gochanour and Klein, was released in October 2004,<ref>{{cite magazine| title= Starry Circus| first= Christopher John| last= Farley| url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995383,00.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080309214525/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,995383,00.html| url-status= dead| archive-date= 9 March 2008| date= 18 October 2004 | magazine= Time |access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> with audio remixed into [[Dolby Surround]] by Gochanour and co-producer Klein. The DVD includes footage of the show, along with extra features directed by Gochanour and Klein, which include previously "lost" performances, an interview with [[Pete Townshend]], and three [[Audio commentary|audio commentaries]]. Of particular interest in the Townshend interview is his description of the genesis of the Circus project, which he claims was initially meant to involve the performers travelling across the United States via train (a concept used for a short concert series in Canada that was later documented in the feature film ''[[Festival Express]]''). The remastered DVD also includes a special four-camera view of The Dirty Mac's performance of [[The Beatles]]' "Yer Blues" (showing Yoko Ono kneeling on the floor in front of the musicians, completely covered in a black sheet).

== DVD track listing ==
#David Dalton's written historic introduction (0:33)
#"[[Entrance of the Gladiators|Entry of the Gladiators]]" ([[Julius Fučík (composer)|Julius Fučík]]) – Orchestra/ The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus Parade / Mick Jagger's introduction of Rock and Roll Circus (2:10)
#[[Mick Jagger]]'s introduction of Jethro Tull / "Song for Jeffrey" ([[Ian Anderson (musician)|Ian Anderson]]) – [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]] (3:43)
#[[Keith Richards]]'s introduction of The Who / "[[A Quick One While He's Away]]" ([[Pete Townshend]]) – [[The Who]] (7:40)
#"[[Sobre las Olas|Over the Waves]]" ([[Juventino Rosas]]) – Orchestra (1:20)
#"Ain't That a Lot of Love" (Willia Dean "Deanie" Parker, [[Homer Banks]]) – [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] (3:52)
#[[Charlie Watts]]' introduction of Marianne Faithfull / "Something Better" ([[Barry Mann]], [[Gerry Goffin]]) – [[Marianne Faithfull]] (2:37)
#Keith Richards's introduction of Danny Camara / "Fire Eater and Luna ([[Donyale Luna]])" (1:28)
#Mick Jagger and John Lennon's introduction of [[The Dirty Mac]] (1:05)
#"[[Yer Blues]]" ([[Lennon–McCartney|John Lennon, Paul McCartney]]) – The Dirty Mac (4:26)
#"Whole Lotta Yoko" (Yoko Ono) – [[Yoko Ono]], [[Ivry Gitlis]], The Dirty Mac (5:03)
#[[John Lennon]]'s introduction of The Rolling Stones/ "[[Jumpin' Jack Flash|Jumping Jack Flash]]" ([[Jagger/Richards|Mick Jagger, Keith Richards]]) – [[The Rolling Stones]] (3:38)
#"[[Parachute Woman]]" (Jagger, Richards) – The Rolling Stones (2:57)
#"[[No Expectations]]" (Jagger, Richards) – The Rolling Stones (4:07)
#"[[You Can't Always Get What You Want]]" (Jagger, Richards) – The Rolling Stones (4:27)
#"[[Sympathy for the Devil]]" (Jagger, Richards) – The Rolling Stones (8:52)
#"[[Salt of the Earth (song)|Salt of the Earth]]" (Jagger, Richards) – The Rolling Stones (4:56)
#Credits, to the sound of "Salt of the Earth" (2:45)

== ''Sideshows'' (DVD extras) ==
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Rolling-Stones-Rock-Circus/dp/B0003HGWPW|title=The Rolling Stones: Rock And Roll Circus [DVD] [2004] [Region 1] [NTSC]-The Rolling Stones – Rock and Roll Circus-PAL version-The Rolling Stones – Rock and Roll Circus-PAL version|website=Amazon UK |date=25 October 2004}}</ref>
*Interview – [[Pete Townshend]] (18:26)
*"[[Checkin' Up on My Baby]]" ([[Sonny Boy Williamson II|Sonny Boy Williamson]]) – [[Taj Mahal (musician)|Taj Mahal]] (5:39)
*"Leaving Trunk" ([[Sleepy John Estes]]) – Taj Mahal (6:28)
*"Corinna" (Taj Mahal, [[Jesse Ed Davis]]) – Taj Mahal (3:51)
*[[Brian Jones]]' introduction of [[Julius Katchen]] / "Ritual Fire Dance" – Julius Katchen (4:21)
*"Sonata in C 1st Movement" – Julius Katchen (2:11)
*"[[Yer Blues]]" TK2 Quad Split – [[The Dirty Mac]] (4:35)
*[[Bill Wyman]]'s introduction of The Clowns / "The Clowns" (2:01)
*"Close, But No Cigar" – John Lennon and Mick Jagger (0:43)
*"[[Sympathy for the Devil]]" ([[Fatboy Slim]] Remix Video) – [[The Rolling Stones]] (4:29)

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="nyt96maslin">{{cite web| title= Taking a Trip Back in Time To the Sleek Young Stones| url= https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D02E1DB103EF931A25753C1A960958260 | first= Janet |last= Maslin| author-link= Janet Maslin | date= 12 October 1996 | work= The New York Times | access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0122689|The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus}}
* [http://www.mixonline.com/news/profiles/bringing-show-home/365472 Bringing the Show Home]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rolling Stones Rock And Roll Circus}}
[[Category:1996 films]]
[[Category:1968 in British music]]
[[Category:Concert films]]
[[Category:The Rolling Stones films]]
[[Category:The Who]]
[[Category:Films directed by Michael Lindsay-Hogg]]
[[Category:December 1968 events in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1990s English-language films]]
[[Category:1990s British films]]

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IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}

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The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus: Sitelink, Statement: P345, Title, Description: en, Statement: P31, Statement: P360, Miscellaneous (e.g. aliases, entity existence)
English Wikipedia: Label: en
concert film: Miscellaneous (e.g. aliases, entity existence)

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