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{{short description| |
{{short description|1883 novel by Robert Louis Stevenson}} |
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{{about|the novel}} |
{{about|the novel}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}} |
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'''''Treasure Island''''' (originally titled '''''The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys'''''<ref name=":0">Hammond, J. R. 1984. "Treasure Island." In ''A Robert Louis Stevenson Companion'', Palgrave Macmillan Literary Companions. London: Palgrave Macmillan. {{doi|10.1007/978-1-349-06080-1_6}}.</ref>) is an [[adventure novel]] by Scottish author [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], telling a story of "[[buccaneers]] and [[Buried treasure|buried gold]]". It is considered a [[Bildungsroman|coming-of-age story]] and is noted for its atmosphere, characters, and action. |
'''''Treasure Island''''' (originally titled '''''The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys'''''<ref name=":0">Hammond, J. R. 1984. "Treasure Island." In ''A Robert Louis Stevenson Companion'', Palgrave Macmillan Literary Companions. London: Palgrave Macmillan. {{doi|10.1007/978-1-349-06080-1_6}}.</ref>) is an [[adventure novel]] by Scottish author [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], telling a story of "[[buccaneers]] and [[Buried treasure|buried gold]]". It is considered a [[Bildungsroman|coming-of-age story]] and is noted for its atmosphere, characters, and action. |
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The novel was originally serialised from 1881 to 1882 in the children's magazine ''[[Young Folks (magazine)|Young Folks]]'', under the title '''''Treasure Island or the Mutiny of the Hispaniola''''', credited to the pseudonym "Captain George North". It was first published as a book on 14 November 1883 by [[Cassell & Co.]] It has since become one of the most often dramatized and adapted novels |
The novel was originally serialised from 1881 to 1882 in the children's magazine ''[[Young Folks (magazine)|Young Folks]]'', under the title '''''Treasure Island or the Mutiny of the Hispaniola''''', credited to the pseudonym "Captain George North". It was first published as a book on 14 November 1883 by [[Cassell & Co.]] It has since become one of the most often dramatized and adapted novels. |
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Since its publication, ''Treasure Island'' has had significant influence on [[Pirates in the arts and popular culture|depictions of pirates in popular culture]], including elements such as [[Deserted island|deserted tropical islands]], [[treasure map]]s marked with an "X", and one-legged [[Sailor|seamen]] with [[parrot]]s perched on their shoulders.<ref name=Cordingly-overestimated>Cordingly, David (1995) ''Under the Black Flag: the romance and reality of life among the pirates''; p. 7</ref> |
Since its publication, ''Treasure Island'' has had significant influence on [[Pirates in the arts and popular culture|depictions of pirates in popular culture]], including elements such as [[Deserted island|deserted tropical islands]], [[treasure map]]s marked with an "X", and one-legged [[Sailor|seamen]] with [[parrot]]s perched on their shoulders.<ref name=Cordingly-overestimated>Cordingly, David (1995) ''Under the Black Flag: the romance and reality of life among the pirates''; p. 7</ref> |
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[[File:Treasure Island by George Wylie Hutchinson.png|thumb|''Treasure Island'', illustrated by [[George Wylie Hutchinson]] (1894)]] |
[[File:Treasure Island by George Wylie Hutchinson.png|thumb|''Treasure Island'', illustrated by [[George Wylie Hutchinson]] (1894)]] |
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[[File:Stevenson - Treasure island, 1933.djvu|right|thumb|1934 edition]] |
[[File:Stevenson - Treasure island, 1933.djvu|right|thumb|1934 edition]] |
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''Treasure Island'' was written after returning from his first trip to America where he was married. Still a relatively unknown author, inspiration came in summer of 1881 in [[Braemar, Scotland]] when bad weather kept the family inside<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Works |url=https://stevensonmuseum.org/robert-louis-stevenson/the-works/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Robert Louis Stevenson Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> |
''Treasure Island'' was written by Stevenson after returning from his first trip to America where he was married. Still a relatively unknown author, inspiration came in summer of 1881 in [[Braemar, Scotland]] when bad weather kept the family inside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Works |url=https://stevensonmuseum.org/robert-louis-stevenson/the-works/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Robert Louis Stevenson Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> To amuse his 12-year old stepson, [[Lloyd Osbourne]], he used the idea of a secret map as the basis of a story about hidden treasure. |
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He had clearly started work by 25 August, writing to a friend, "If this don't fetch the kids, why, they have gone rotten since my day. Will you be surprised to learn that it is about Buccaneers, that it begins in the Admiral Benbow public house on the Devon coast, that it's all about a map and a treasure and a mutiny and a derelict ship... It's quite silly and horrid fun – and what I want is the ''best'' book about Buccaneers that can be had."<ref>{{cite book|first1=Bradford A. |last1=Booth |first2= Ernest |last2= Mehew |title=The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson|page= iii. 225}}</ref> |
He had clearly started work by 25 August, writing to a friend, "If this don't fetch the kids, why, they have gone rotten since my day. Will you be surprised to learn that it is about Buccaneers, that it begins in the Admiral Benbow public house on the Devon coast, that it's all about a map and a treasure and a mutiny and a derelict ship... It's quite silly and horrid fun – and what I want is the ''best'' book about Buccaneers that can be had."<ref>{{cite book|first1=Bradford A. |last1=Booth |first2= Ernest |last2= Mehew |title=The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson|page= iii. 225}}</ref> |
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Stevenson originally gave the book the title ''The Sea Cook''. One month after conceiving of the book, chapters began to appear in the pages of the ''[[Young Folks (magazine)|Young Folks]]'' magazine<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-29 |title=Treasure Island {{!}} Characters, Summary, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Treasure-Island |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> |
Stevenson originally gave the book the title ''The Sea Cook''. One month after conceiving of the book, chapters began to appear in the pages of the ''[[Young Folks (magazine)|Young Folks]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-29 |title=Treasure Island {{!}} Characters, Summary, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Treasure-Island |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> After completing several chapters rapidly, Stevenson was interrupted by illness.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Treasure Island Author Robert Louis Stevenson Was a Sickly Man with a Robus |url=https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2015/julyaugust/feature/treasure-island-author-robert-louis-stevenson-was-sickly-man-robu |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The National Endowment for the Humanities |language=en}}</ref> He left Scotland and continued working on the first draft near London, where he and his father discussed points of the tale, and his father suggested elements that he included. The novel eventually ran in seventeen weekly installments from October 1, 1881, to January 28, 1882. The book was later republished as the novel ''Treasure Island'' and proved to be Stevenson's first financial and critical success. The Liberal politician [[William Ewart Gladstone]], who served four terms as British Prime Minister between 1868 and 1894, was one of the book's biggest fans; it was said that he stayed up all night to read it. |
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The growth of the desert island genre can be traced back to 1719 when [[Daniel Defoe]]'s ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' was published. A century later, novels such as [[S. H. Burney]]'s ''The Shipwreck'' (1816), and [[Sir Walter Scott]]'s ''[[The Pirate (novel)|The Pirate]]'' (1822) continued to expand upon Defoe's classic. Other authors in the mid-19th century continued this trend, with works including [[James Fenimore Cooper]]'s ''[[The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea|The Pilot]]'' (1823). During the same period, [[Edgar Allan Poe]] wrote "[[MS Found in a Bottle]]" (1833) and "[[The Gold-Bug]]" (1843). All of these works influenced Stevenson's end product.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literary Network {{!}} Robert Louis Stevenson |url=https://robert-louis-stevenson.org/literary-network/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
The growth of the desert island genre can be traced back to 1719 when [[Daniel Defoe]]'s ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'' was published. A century later, novels such as [[S. H. Burney]]'s ''The Shipwreck'' (1816), and [[Sir Walter Scott]]'s ''[[The Pirate (novel)|The Pirate]]'' (1822) continued to expand upon Defoe's classic. Other authors in the mid-19th century continued this trend, with works including [[James Fenimore Cooper]]'s ''[[The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea|The Pilot]]'' (1823). During the same period, [[Edgar Allan Poe]] wrote "[[MS Found in a Bottle]]" (1833) and "[[The Gold-Bug]]" (1843). All of these works influenced Stevenson's end product.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literary Network {{!}} Robert Louis Stevenson |url=https://robert-louis-stevenson.org/literary-network/ |access-date=2024-03-30 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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* '''Abraham Gray''': A ship's [[Carpentry|carpenter]]'s mate on the ''Hispaniola''. He is almost incited to mutiny but remains loyal to the Squire's side when asked to do so by Captain Smollett. He saves Hawkins' life by killing Job Anderson during an attack on the stockade, and he helps shoot the mutineers at the rifled treasure cache. He later escapes the island together with Jim Hawkins, Dr. Livesey, Squire Trelawney, Captain Smollett, Long John Silver, and Ben Gunn. He spends his part of the treasure on his education, marries, and becomes part owner of a full-rigged ship. |
* '''Abraham Gray''': A ship's [[Carpentry|carpenter]]'s mate on the ''Hispaniola''. He is almost incited to mutiny but remains loyal to the Squire's side when asked to do so by Captain Smollett. He saves Hawkins' life by killing Job Anderson during an attack on the stockade, and he helps shoot the mutineers at the rifled treasure cache. He later escapes the island together with Jim Hawkins, Dr. Livesey, Squire Trelawney, Captain Smollett, Long John Silver, and Ben Gunn. He spends his part of the treasure on his education, marries, and becomes part owner of a full-rigged ship. |
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* '''Israel Hands''': The ship's coxswain and Flint's old gunner. He tries to murder Jim Hawkins, who shoots him in self-defence. |
* '''Israel Hands''': The ship's coxswain and Flint's old gunner. He tries to murder Jim Hawkins, who shoots him in self-defence. |
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* '''Harry''':He is probably one of Flint's old pirate hands; one of those who "ran after Black Dog" at the Spyglass Inn |
* '''Harry''': He is probably one of Flint's old pirate hands; one of those who "ran after Black Dog" at the Spyglass Inn. |
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* '''Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins''': The parents of Jim Hawkins. Mr. Hawkins dies early in the story. |
* '''Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins''': The parents of Jim Hawkins. Mr. Hawkins dies early in the story. |
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* '''John Hunter''': A manservant of Squire Trelawney. Dr. Livesey considers him to be the most steady and capable of Livesey's servants to have in a fight. He accompanies Trelawney to the island but is later knocked unconscious in an attack on the stockade. He dies of his injuries while unconscious. |
* '''John Hunter''': A manservant of Squire Trelawney. Dr. Livesey considers him to be the most steady and capable of Livesey's servants to have in a fight. He accompanies Trelawney to the island but is later knocked unconscious in an attack on the stockade. He dies of his injuries while unconscious. |
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* ''Treasure Island: The Untold Story'' (2011) is a true-life prequel by John Amrhein, Jr.<ref>{{cite book|title=Treasure Island: The Untold Story or The Real Treasure Island |publisher=New Maritima Press |oclc = 795019447}}</ref> |
* ''Treasure Island: The Untold Story'' (2011) is a true-life prequel by John Amrhein, Jr.<ref>{{cite book|title=Treasure Island: The Untold Story or The Real Treasure Island |publisher=New Maritima Press |oclc = 795019447}}</ref> |
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* ''[[Silver (Motion novel)|Silver: Return to Treasure Island]]'' (2012) is a sequel by former [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom]] [[Andrew Motion]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/mar/30/silver-return-treasure-island-andrew-motion-review Silver: Return to Treasure Island by Andrew Motion] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429204746/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/mar/30/silver-return-treasure-island-andrew-motion-review |date=29 April 2016 }} – review by Ian Sansom in ''The Guardian'', 30 March 2012</ref> |
* ''[[Silver (Motion novel)|Silver: Return to Treasure Island]]'' (2012) is a sequel by former [[Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom]] [[Andrew Motion]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/mar/30/silver-return-treasure-island-andrew-motion-review Silver: Return to Treasure Island by Andrew Motion] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429204746/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/mar/30/silver-return-treasure-island-andrew-motion-review |date=29 April 2016 }} – review by Ian Sansom in ''The Guardian'', 30 March 2012</ref> |
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* ''Treasure Island!!!'' (2012) is a novel by Sara Levine about an American woman who becomes obsessed with ''Treasure Island'' (Europa Editions, 2012).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bevis|first=Matthew|date=2012-10-25|title=Matthew Bevis · Kids Gone Rotten: 'Treasure Island' · LRB 25 October 2012|url=https://blog.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v34/n20/matthew-bevis/kids-gone-rotten|access-date=2021-09-21|website=London Review of Books|language=en}}</ref> |
* ''Treasure Island!!!'' (2012) is a novel by Sara Levine about an American woman who becomes obsessed with ''Treasure Island'' (Europa Editions, 2012).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bevis|first=Matthew|date=2012-10-25|title=Matthew Bevis · Kids Gone Rotten: 'Treasure Island' · LRB 25 October 2012|url=https://blog.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v34/n20/matthew-bevis/kids-gone-rotten|access-date=2021-09-21|website=London Review of Books|language=en|archive-date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921005627/https://blog.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v34/n20/matthew-bevis/kids-gone-rotten|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* ''Tread Carefully on the Sea'' (2014), by David K. Bryant, merges all the references to Captain Flint into a prequel covering the burial of the treasure. |
* ''Tread Carefully on the Sea'' (2014), by David K. Bryant, merges all the references to Captain Flint into a prequel covering the burial of the treasure. |
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* ''Skulduggery'' (1991/2014), a prequel written by [[Tony Robinson]] which features Ben Gunn attending a school for pirates and meeting junior counterparts of Blind Pew and Long John Silver. Originally published as part of the Silvery Jackanory compilation in 1991. ({{ISBN|9781781124086}}) |
* ''Skulduggery'' (1991/2014), a prequel written by [[Tony Robinson]] which features Ben Gunn attending a school for pirates and meeting junior counterparts of Blind Pew and Long John Silver. Originally published as part of the Silvery Jackanory compilation in 1991. ({{ISBN|9781781124086}}) |
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* ''[[Treasure Island (1985 film)|L'Île au trésor]]'' (1985) — a Chilean-French adaptation starring [[Vic Tayback]] as Long John Silver. |
* ''[[Treasure Island (1985 film)|L'Île au trésor]]'' (1985) — a Chilean-French adaptation starring [[Vic Tayback]] as Long John Silver. |
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* ''[[Treasure Island in Outer Space|Il Pianeta del Tesoro – Treasure Planet]]'' (1987; aka ''Treasure Island in Outer Space'') — Italian/German science-fiction adaptation starring [[Anthony Quinn]] as Long John Silver. |
* ''[[Treasure Island in Outer Space|Il Pianeta del Tesoro – Treasure Planet]]'' (1987; aka ''Treasure Island in Outer Space'') — Italian/German science-fiction adaptation starring [[Anthony Quinn]] as Long John Silver. |
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* ''[[Treasure Island (1988 film)|Treasure Island]]'' (1988) — a critically acclaimed Soviet |
* ''[[Treasure Island (1988 film)|Treasure Island]]'' (1988) — a critically acclaimed Soviet animation film in two parts, released in the United States (1992) as ''Return to Treasure Island''. |
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* ''L'Île aux trésors'' (2007) — a French-British-Hungarian film directed by [[Alain Berbérian]], starring [[Gérard Jugnot]], [[Alice Taglioni]], [[Vincent Rottiers]] and [[Jean-Paul Rouve]]. |
* ''L'Île aux trésors'' (2007) — a French-British-Hungarian film directed by [[Alain Berbérian]], starring [[Gérard Jugnot]], [[Alice Taglioni]], [[Vincent Rottiers]] and [[Jean-Paul Rouve]]. |
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===TV films=== |
===TV films=== |
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* ''Shin Takarajima'' (1965) — a 52-minute [[anime]] TV special directed by [[Osamu Tezuka]] and animated by [[Mushi Productions]] with the characters replaced as animals. Originally planned as a 26-episode TV series for a bi-weekly program, only one episode was produced before the idea was scrapped and it was aired as a one-off special.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tezukaosamu.net/jp/anime/52.html|title=新宝島|アニメ|手塚治虫 TEZUKA OSAMU OFFICIAL|language=ja|access-date=2024-05-05}}</ref> It is not an adaptation of Tezuka's [[Shin Takarajima (manga)|manga of the same name]]. |
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* ''[[Treasure Island (1990 film)|Treasure Island]]'' (1990) — a made-for-TV film for [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]], starring [[Charlton Heston]], [[Christian Bale]], [[Oliver Reed]], [[Christopher Lee]] and [[Pete Postlethwaite]]; written, produced and directed by Heston's son, [[Fraser C. Heston]]. |
* ''[[Treasure Island (1990 film)|Treasure Island]]'' (1990) — a made-for-TV film for [[TNT (American TV network)|TNT]], starring [[Charlton Heston]], [[Christian Bale]], [[Oliver Reed]], [[Christopher Lee]] and [[Pete Postlethwaite]]; written, produced and directed by Heston's son, [[Fraser C. Heston]]. |
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* ''Treasure Island Pirate'' (1991) |
* ''Treasure Island Pirate'' (1991) |
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* ''Treasure Island: The Adventure Begins'' (1994) — a TV movie special promoting the [[Treasure Island Hotel and Casino]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vegastripping.com/news/blog/5432/the-steve-wynn-show-treasure-island-the-adventure-begins/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-07-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921215840/http://www.vegastripping.com/news/blog/5432/the-steve-wynn-show-treasure-island-the-adventure-begins/ |archive-date=21 September 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> |
* ''Treasure Island: The Adventure Begins'' (1994) — a TV movie special promoting the [[Treasure Island Hotel and Casino]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vegastripping.com/news/blog/5432/the-steve-wynn-show-treasure-island-the-adventure-begins/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-07-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921215840/http://www.vegastripping.com/news/blog/5432/the-steve-wynn-show-treasure-island-the-adventure-begins/ |archive-date=21 September 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> |
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* ''[[Treasure Island (2012 TV series)|Treasure Island]]'' (2012) — two-part serial starring [[Eddie Izzard]], shown on [[Sky One|Sky1]] (United Kingdom) from 1–2 January. |
* ''[[Treasure Island (2012 TV series)|Treasure Island]]'' (2012) — two-part serial starring [[Eddie Izzard]], shown on [[Sky One|Sky1]] (United Kingdom) from 1–2 January. |
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* ''[[Black Sails (TV series)|Black Sails]]'' – a 2014 |
* ''[[Black Sails (TV series)|Black Sails]]'' – a 2014 television drama that serves as a prequel to the story, detailing the origins of Captain Flint, Billy Bones, and John Silver during the Golden Age of Piracy. |
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* ''Treasure Island'' (''L'isola del tesoro''; 2015) — an Italian CGI animated series by Rai Fiction and Mondo TV. It mixes the original work with new characters and mythical elements such as voodoo. |
* ''Treasure Island'' (''L'isola del tesoro''; 2015) — an Italian CGI animated series by Rai Fiction and Mondo TV. It mixes the original work with new characters and mythical elements such as voodoo. |
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* ''Treasure Island: the Curse of the Pearl Necklace'' (2014–15), by Jon Bradfield and Martin Hooper, is an alternative [[pantomime]] that included gay, lesbian, and trans characters, and played a sold-out run at London's [[Above The Stag Theatre]]. |
* ''Treasure Island: the Curse of the Pearl Necklace'' (2014–15), by Jon Bradfield and Martin Hooper, is an alternative [[pantomime]] that included gay, lesbian, and trans characters, and played a sold-out run at London's [[Above The Stag Theatre]]. |
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* In 2011, [[Tom Hewitt (actor)|Tom Hewitt]] starred in [[B.H. Barry]] and [[Vernon Morris]]'s stage adaptation of the novel, which officially opened 5 March at the Irondale Center in [[Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/148302-Tom-Hewitt-Is-Long-John-Silver-in-Treasure-Island-Opening-March-5-in-Brooklyn |title=Tom Hewitt Is Long John Silver in Treasure Island, Opening March 5 in Brooklyn |work=Playbill |access-date=2 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629162415/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/148302-Tom-Hewitt-Is-Long-John-Silver-in-Treasure-Island-Opening-March-5-in-Brooklyn |archive-date=29 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
* In 2011, [[Tom Hewitt (actor)|Tom Hewitt]] starred in [[B.H. Barry]] and [[Vernon Morris]]'s stage adaptation of the novel, which officially opened 5 March at the Irondale Center in [[Brooklyn]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/148302-Tom-Hewitt-Is-Long-John-Silver-in-Treasure-Island-Opening-March-5-in-Brooklyn |title=Tom Hewitt Is Long John Silver in Treasure Island, Opening March 5 in Brooklyn |work=Playbill |access-date=2 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629162415/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/148302-Tom-Hewitt-Is-Long-John-Silver-in-Treasure-Island-Opening-March-5-in-Brooklyn |archive-date=29 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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* In July 2011, [[Bristol Old Vic]] staged a large-scale outdoor production of ''Treasure Island'' outside the theatre on [[King Street, Bristol]] directed by Sally Cookson, with music by Benji Bower. |
* In July 2011, [[Bristol Old Vic]] staged a large-scale outdoor production of ''Treasure Island'' outside the theatre on [[King Street, Bristol]] directed by [[Sally Cookson]], with music by Benji Bower. |
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* From October 2013 to 2014, [[Mind the Gap Theatre|Mind the Gap Theatre Company]], a leading UK theatre company in working with actors with learning disabilities, embarked on a national tour of ''Treasure Island'', retold with a twist by Olivier award-winning writer [[Mike Kenny (writer)|Mike Kenny]]. |
* From October 2013 to 2014, [[Mind the Gap Theatre|Mind the Gap Theatre Company]], a leading UK theatre company in working with actors with learning disabilities, embarked on a national tour of ''Treasure Island'', retold with a twist by Olivier award-winning writer [[Mike Kenny (writer)|Mike Kenny]]. |
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* In 2013, YouthPlays published ''Long Joan Silver'' by [[Arthur M. Jolly]], an adaptation in which all of the pirates are women. |
* In 2013, YouthPlays published ''Long Joan Silver'' by [[Arthur M. Jolly]], an adaptation in which all of the pirates are women. |
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* In 1988, The Soviet Director [[David Cherkassky]] released the [[Treasure Island (1988 film)|1988 Soviet film Treasure Island]] which relates to the book |
* In 1988, The Soviet Director [[David Cherkassky]] released the [[Treasure Island (1988 film)|1988 Soviet film Treasure Island]] which relates to the book |
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* ''[[Treasure Island According to Spike Milligan]]'' (2000) is a parody by [[Spike Milligan]] |
* ''[[Treasure Island According to Spike Milligan]]'' (2000) is a parody by [[Spike Milligan]] |
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* At the beginning of a fifth-season episode of ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' titled "[[You Are Arthur]]" (2000), the titular character is seen reading ''Treasure Island''.* In an episode of ''[[Survivor: Heroes vs Villains]]'', titled "Jumping Ship" (2010), the castaways Amanda, Colby and Danielle win an overnight trip to the former home of Robert Louis Stevenson and a screening of the 1934 version of ''Treasure Island''. |
* At the beginning of a fifth-season episode of ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' titled "[[You Are Arthur]]" (2000), the titular character is seen reading ''Treasure Island''.* In an episode of ''[[Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains]]'', titled "Jumping Ship" (2010), the castaways Amanda, Colby and Danielle win an overnight trip to the former home of Robert Louis Stevenson and a screening of the 1934 version of ''Treasure Island''. |
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* In ''[[The Way Back (2010 film)|The Way Back]]'' (2010), one of the prisoners in the Russian [[gulag]] briefly narrates some of ''Treasure Island'' to his fellow inmates. He mentions the characters Jim and Long John Silver. |
* In ''[[The Way Back (2010 film)|The Way Back]]'' (2010), one of the prisoners in the Russian [[gulag]] briefly narrates some of ''Treasure Island'' to his fellow inmates. He mentions the characters Jim and Long John Silver. |
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* In the teen fiction novel ''One for Sorrow'' (2015, Fledgling Press) by [[Philip Caveney]], the main character, Tom Afflick, is reading ''Treasure Island'' which serves as the catalyst for his adventure. |
* In the teen fiction novel ''One for Sorrow'' (2015, Fledgling Press) by [[Philip Caveney]], the main character, Tom Afflick, is reading ''Treasure Island'' which serves as the catalyst for his adventure. |
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* In ''[[Blade Runner 2049]]'' (2017), [[Rick Deckard]] makes a continued allusion to ''Treasure Island'' upon first meeting the protagonist; in the scene, he explicitly references Ben Gunn's craving for cheese. |
* In ''[[Blade Runner 2049]]'' (2017), [[Rick Deckard]] makes a continued allusion to ''Treasure Island'' upon first meeting the protagonist; in the scene, he explicitly references Ben Gunn's craving for cheese. |
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* In ''[[Solo: A Star Wars Story]]'', [[Woody Harrelson]]'s character [[Tobias Beckett]] was based on [[Long John Silver]] from '' |
* In ''[[Solo: A Star Wars Story]]'', [[Woody Harrelson]]'s character [[Tobias Beckett]] was based on [[Long John Silver]] from ''Treasure Island'' by [[Robert Louis Stevenson]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Breznican |first1=Anthony |title=Rogue's Gallery: A lineup of three outlaws from Solo: A Star Wars Story |url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/02/09/solo-a-star-wars-story-woody-harrelson-thandie-newton-paul-bettany/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=February 9, 2018|access-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413235841/https://ew.com/movies/2018/02/09/solo-a-star-wars-story-woody-harrelson-thandie-newton-paul-bettany/|archive-date=April 13, 2020}}</ref> |
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* In the finale of Season 3 of ''[[The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)|The Handmaid's Tale]]'' (2019), Commander Lawrence reads an excerpt of ''Treasure Island'' to a group of runaway children. |
* In the finale of Season 3 of ''[[The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)|The Handmaid's Tale]]'' (2019), Commander Lawrence reads an excerpt of ''Treasure Island'' to a group of runaway children. |
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===''Pirates of the Caribbean''=== |
===''Pirates of the Caribbean''=== |
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Disney's ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' franchise references ''Treasure Island'' many times. In the 2006 revamp of the [[Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)|original attraction]], the island port was officially named Isla Tesoro, with the Spanish translation of Treasure Island is ''La isla del tesoro''. In making ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl]]'', ''Treasure Island'' was one of many inspirations behind making the film, noted by the filmmakers like producer [[Jerry Bruckheimer]], who regarded the 1950 Walt Disney Studio feature.<ref name="CotBPProdnotes">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713142425/http://www.keeptothecode.com/pdf/POTCprodnotes1.pdf Pirates of the Caribbean production notes], accessed Dec 9, 2006</ref> It was also noted that history has a strange way of turning full circle as 53 years later, it took the very same studio's first ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' movie to spectacularly reinvent and reinvigorate a moribund genre which once again delighted millions.<ref> |
Disney's ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean]]'' franchise references ''Treasure Island'' many times. In the 2006 revamp of the [[Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)|original attraction]], the island port was officially named Isla Tesoro, with the Spanish translation of Treasure Island is ''La isla del tesoro''. In making ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl]]'', ''Treasure Island'' was one of many inspirations behind making the film, noted by the filmmakers like producer [[Jerry Bruckheimer]], who regarded the 1950 Walt Disney Studio feature.<ref name="CotBPProdnotes">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110713142425/http://www.keeptothecode.com/pdf/POTCprodnotes1.pdf Pirates of the Caribbean production notes], accessed Dec 9, 2006</ref> It was also noted that history has a strange way of turning full circle as 53 years later, it took the very same studio's first ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' movie to spectacularly reinvent and reinvigorate a moribund genre which once again delighted millions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://adisney.go.com/disneypictures/pirates/downloads/POTC2_PressKit_Final.pdf |title=POTC2 PressKit |access-date=2 September 2006 |archive-date=2 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902043515/http://adisney.go.com/disneypictures/pirates/downloads/POTC2_PressKit_Final.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> One thing screenwriters [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] and [[Terry Rossio]] took from their experience on ''[[Treasure Planet]]'', was the simple premise of, "Is Long John Silver a delightful [[Wikipedia:John Falstaff|Falstaffian]] character or a contemptible villain?" That idea was something they carried into [[Captain]] [[Jack Sparrow]].<ref name="DVDizzy 2006">[https://www.dvdizzy.com/pirates-tedandterry-interview.html An Interview with Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, writers of Pirates of the Caribbean – DVDizzy.com]</ref> [[Hector Barbossa]]'s pet [[monkey]], named "Jack" after Jack Sparrow, is a reference to Long John Silver's pet [[parrot]] Captain Flint. Both animals are named after their owner's former captain.<ref>''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl|The Curse of the Black Pearl]]'' Audio Commentary with Screenwriters [[Stuart Beattie]], [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] & [[Terry Rossio]] and [[Jay Wolpert]]</ref> ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest|Dead Man's Chest]]'' features the most references, beginning with [[Joshamee Gibbs]] singing [[Dead Man's Chest (song)|Dead Man's Chest]], a song from the novel, which served as the original opening of until it changed into the second scene of the film.<ref>''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest|Dead Man's Chest]]'' – Audio Commentary with Screenwriters [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] & [[Terry Rossio]]</ref><ref>[http://www.wordplayer.com/archives/rossio08.Nine.Pieces.html WORDPLAY/Archives/"Nine Pieces of Eight" by Terry Rossio]</ref> [[Jack Sparrow]] is given the [[Black Spot (Treasure Island)|Black Spot]] by [[Bootstrap Bill Turner]] as a marker that the [[Kraken]] can track. [[Governor]] [[Weatherby Swann]] witnesses [[Ian Mercer|Mercer]] kill the captain, who was intended to be called "Captain Hawkins", as revealed by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio on the film's DVD commentary. Hawkins' backstory was intended to relate to that of Jim Hawkins' father in ''Treasure Island'', explaining the circumstances of his father's disappearance at sea and why he never returned to the Admiral Benbow Inn.<ref>''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest]]'' Audio Commentary with Screenwriters [[Ted Elliott (screenwriter)|Ted Elliott]] & [[Terry Rossio]]</ref> The merchant ship the ''Edinburgh Trader'' was played by the ''[[HMS Bounty|Bounty]]'', a ship replica which played the ''Hispaniola'' in the [[Wikipedia:Treasure Island (1990 film)|1990 movie adaptation of the novel]]. ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides]]'' has Hector Barbossa begin wearing a [[wooden peg leg]] where a real one used to be, revealed to have been lost in an off-screen encounter with [[Blackbeard]]. Barbossa is feared as an omen of death and referred to as "the one legged man" by Blackbeard and his daughter [[Angelica]], which is a parallel to Billy Bones having feared John Silver and ominously referred to him by the same moniker. Regarding this change in Barbossa, actor [[Geoffrey Rush]] noted Robert Newton playing Long John Silver in ''Treasure Island''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120131161944/http://media-file.net/7/onstrangertides/images/PIRATES%204%20PRESS%20KIT%20FINAL.pdf POTC4 Presskit]</ref><ref name="JHM 2011">[http://jimhillmedia.com/columnists1/b/nancy_stadler/archive/2011/05/20/geoffrey-rush-isn-t-rushing-to-exit-disney-s-quot-pirates-of-the-caribbean-quot-film-franchise.aspx JHM: Geoffrey Rush isn't rushing to exit Disney's "Pirates of the Caribbean" film franchise] – [https://web.archive.org/web/20220701160251/https://jimhillmedia.com/geoffrey-rush-isnt-rushing-to-exit-disneys-pirates-of-the-caribbean-film-franchise/ Archived]</ref> Terry Rossio references ''Treasure Island'' and ''Treasure Planet'' in the annotations for his screenplay draft for ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales]]'', which features a character named Captain (later Admiral) John Benbow as a reference to the Admiral Benbow Inn.<ref name="Terry Rossio Dead Men Tell No Tales">[http://www.wordplayer.com/archives/PIRATES5.cover.html PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN: DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES by Terry Rossio – Wordplayer.com]</ref> One of Chris Schweizer's early ideas for the ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' comic book series was to have [[Will Turner]] and [[Elizabeth Swann]]'s [[Henry Turner (Pirates of the Caribbean)|12-or-13-year old son]] be involved in Jack Sparrow's search for [[Anamaria (Pirates of the Caribbean)|Anamaria]] who had disappeared while searching for a mystical treasure, with the boy eventually growing up and becoming [[Billy Bones]], a character from ''Treasure Island''.{{cn|date=March 2024}} A phantom pirate named [[Black Dog Briar]] appears in the [[video game]] expansion. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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[[Category:Works about treasure hunting]] |
[[Category:Works about treasure hunting]] |
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[[category:British bildungsromans]] |
[[category:British bildungsromans]] |
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[[category:Novels set in Gloucestershire]] |
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First edition
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Author | Robert Louis Stevenson |
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Original title | The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys by Captain George North |
Language | English |
Subjects | Pirates, coming-of-age |
Genre | Adventure fiction Young adult literature |
Publisher | Cassell and Company |
Publication date | 14 November 1883 |
Publication place | United Kingdom |
Pages | 292 (first edition) |
OCLC | 610014604 |
Text | Treasure IslandatWikisource |
Treasure Island (originally titled The Sea Cook: A Story for Boys[1]) is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson, telling a story of "buccaneers and buried gold". It is considered a coming-of-age story and is noted for its atmosphere, characters, and action.
The novel was originally serialised from 1881 to 1882 in the children's magazine Young Folks, under the title Treasure Island or the Mutiny of the Hispaniola, credited to the pseudonym "Captain George North". It was first published as a book on 14 November 1883 by Cassell & Co. It has since become one of the most often dramatized and adapted novels.
Since its publication, Treasure Island has had significant influence on depictions of pirates in popular culture, including elements such as deserted tropical islands, treasure maps marked with an "X", and one-legged seamen with parrots perched on their shoulders.[2]
In the mid-18th century, an old sailor who identifies himself as "The Captain" starts to lodge at the rural Admiral Benbow Inn on England's Bristol Channel. He tells the innkeeper's son, Jim Hawkins, to keep a lookout for "a one-legged seafaring man". Black Dog, a sailor, recognizes the captain as his former shipmate Billy Bones, and confronts him. They get into a sword fight; Black Dog flees, and Bones suffers a stroke. That night, Jim's father dies. Days later, Pew, a blind beggar, visits the inn, delivering a summons to Bones called "the black spot". Shortly thereafter, Bones suffers another stroke and dies. Pew and his accomplices attack the inn but are attacked and routed by mounted excise officers, and Pew is trampled to death by one of their horses. Jim and his mother escape with a packet from The Captain's sea chest, which is found to contain a map of the island on which the infamous pirate Captain Flint hid his treasure. Jim shows the map to the local physician Dr. Livesey and the squire John Trelawney, and they decide to make an expedition to the island, with Jim serving as a cabin boy.
They set sail from Bristol on a schooner chartered by Trelawney, the Hispaniola, under Captain Smollett. Jim forms a strong bond with the ship's one-legged cook, Long John Silver. The crew suffers a tragedy when first mate Mr. Arrow, a drunkard, is washed overboard during a storm. While hidden in an apple barrel, Jim overhears a conversation among the Hispaniola's crew which reveals that many of them are pirates who had served on Captain Flint's ship, the Walrus, with Silver leading them. They plan to mutiny after the salvage of the treasure, and to murder the captain and the few remaining loyal crew. Jim secretly informs Captain Smollet, Trelawney, and Livesey.
Arriving at the island and going ashore, Jim flees into the woods after witnessing Silver murder a sailor. He meets a marooned pirate named Ben Gunn, who is also a former member of Flint's crew. The mutineers arm themselves and take the ship, while Jim and Smollett's loyal band take refuge in an abandoned stockade on the island. After a brief truce, the mutineers attack the stockade, with casualties on both sides of the battle. Jim makes his way to the Hispaniola and cuts the ship from its anchor, drifting it along the ebb tide. He boards the ship and encounters the pirate Israel Hands, who had been injured in a drunken dispute with one of his companions. Hands helps Jim beach the schooner in the northern bay, then attempts to kill Jim with a knife, but Jim shoots him dead with two pistols.
Jim goes ashore and returns to the stockade, where he is horrified to find only Silver and the pirates. Silver tells Jim that when everyone found the ship was gone, Captain Smollett's party had agreed to a truce whereby the pirates take the map and allow the besieged party to leave. In the morning, Livesey arrives to treat the wounded and sick pirates, and tells Silver to look out for trouble once he's found the site of the treasure. After a dispute over leadership, Silver and the others set out with the map, taking Jim along as a hostage. They find a skeleton with its arms oriented toward the treasure, unnerving the party. Ben Gunn shouts Captain Flint's last words from the forest, making the superstitious pirates believe that Flint's ghost is haunting the island. They eventually find a treasure cache, but it is empty. The pirates prepare to kill Silver and Jim, but they are driven off by the doctor's party, including Gunn. Livesey explains that Gunn had already found the bulk of the treasure and taken it to his cave, long ago. The expedition members load this portion of the treasure onto the Hispaniola and depart the island, with Silver as their only prisoner. At their first port, in Spanish America, Silver steals a bag of money and escapes. The remaining crew sail back to Bristol and divide up the treasure. Some treasure was never found, but Jim refuses to return to the "accursed" island to look for it.
Treasure Island was written by Stevenson after returning from his first trip to America where he was married. Still a relatively unknown author, inspiration came in summer of 1881 in Braemar, Scotland when bad weather kept the family inside.[3] To amuse his 12-year old stepson, Lloyd Osbourne, he used the idea of a secret map as the basis of a story about hidden treasure.
He had clearly started work by 25 August, writing to a friend, "If this don't fetch the kids, why, they have gone rotten since my day. Will you be surprised to learn that it is about Buccaneers, that it begins in the Admiral Benbow public house on the Devon coast, that it's all about a map and a treasure and a mutiny and a derelict ship... It's quite silly and horrid fun – and what I want is the best book about Buccaneers that can be had."[4]
Stevenson originally gave the book the title The Sea Cook. One month after conceiving of the book, chapters began to appear in the pages of the Young Folks magazine.[5] After completing several chapters rapidly, Stevenson was interrupted by illness.[6] He left Scotland and continued working on the first draft near London, where he and his father discussed points of the tale, and his father suggested elements that he included. The novel eventually ran in seventeen weekly installments from October 1, 1881, to January 28, 1882. The book was later republished as the novel Treasure Island and proved to be Stevenson's first financial and critical success. The Liberal politician William Ewart Gladstone, who served four terms as British Prime Minister between 1868 and 1894, was one of the book's biggest fans; it was said that he stayed up all night to read it.
The growth of the desert island genre can be traced back to 1719 when Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe was published. A century later, novels such as S. H. Burney's The Shipwreck (1816), and Sir Walter Scott's The Pirate (1822) continued to expand upon Defoe's classic. Other authors in the mid-19th century continued this trend, with works including James Fenimore Cooper's The Pilot (1823). During the same period, Edgar Allan Poe wrote "MS Found in a Bottle" (1833) and "The Gold-Bug" (1843). All of these works influenced Stevenson's end product.[7]
Stevenson also consciously borrowed material from previous authors. In a July 1884 letter to Sidney Colvin, he wrote that "Treasure Island came out of Kingsley's At Last, where I got the Dead Man's Chest — and that was the seed — and out of the great Captain Johnson's History of the Notorious Pirates." Stevenson also admits that he took the idea of Captain Flint's pointing skeleton from Poe's The Gold-Bug and he constructed Billy Bones's history from the "Money-Diggers" section ("Golden Dreams" in particular[8]) of Tales of a TravellerbyWashington Irving, one of his favorite writers.[9]
Among other minor characters whose names are not revealed are the four pirates who were killed in an attack on the stockade along with Job Anderson; the pirate killed by the honest men minus Jim Hawkins the day before the attack on the stockade; the pirate killed by Ben Gunn the night before the attack; the pirate shot by Squire Trelawney when aiming at Israel Hands, who later died of his injuries; and the pirate marooned on the island along with Tom Morgan and Dick Johnson.
Historian Luis Junco suggests that Treasure Island is a combination of the story of the murder of Captain George Glas on board the Earl of Sandwich in 1765 and the taking of the ship Walrus off the island of La Graciosa near Tenerife. The pirates of La Graciosa buried their treasure there, and all were subsequently killed in a bloody battle with the British navy; the treasure was never recovered.
In his book Pirates of the Carraigin, David Kelly deals with the piracy and murder of Captain Glas and others by the Ship's Cook and his gang on board a ship travelling from Tenerife to London. The perpetrators of this crime also buried the considerable treasure they had stolen but most of it was later recovered. They were all executed in Dublin in 1766. In his research, Kelly showed that Stevenson was a neighbour of the named victim in Edinburgh, and so was aware from an early age of these events, which had been a scandal at the time. Stevenson and his family were members of a church congregation set up by the victim's father. Although he never visited Ireland, Stevenson based at least two other books, Kidnapped and Catriona on real crimes that were perpetrated in Dublin; these crimes were all reported in detail in The Gentleman's Magazine, published in Dublin and Edinburgh.[11]
Other allusions to real piracy include:
Various claims have been made that one island or another inspired Treasure Island:
In August 2022, the British Member of Parliament for Birkenhead, Mick Whitley, supported the findings of local historian John Lamb, that Robert Louis Stevenson had set his classic novel Treasure Island in the towns of Birkenhead and Wallasey on the Wirral Peninsula lying opposite Liverpool. This followed a previous announcement by Alan Evans of Wirral Borough Council that the French science fiction writer Jules Verne had also set his 1874 novel The Mysterious Island in Birkenhead. Their letters of support for Mr Lamb's claims were posted on the Jules Verne and the Heroes of Birkenhead website in August 2022.[29][30][31]
Stevenson's Treasure Island has spawned an enormous amount of literature based upon the original novel:
A number of sequels have also been produced in film and television, including:
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Treasure Island" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
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In worldbuilding, there are:
There have been over 50 film and TV adaptations of Treasure Island.
Film adaptations include:[45]
There have been over 24 major stage adaptations made, though the number of minor adaptations remains countless.[52] The story is also a popular plot and setting for a traditional pantomime wherein Mrs. Hawkins, Jim's mother is the dame.
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Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean franchise references Treasure Island many times. In the 2006 revamp of the original attraction, the island port was officially named Isla Tesoro, with the Spanish translation of Treasure Island is La isla del tesoro. In making Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Treasure Island was one of many inspirations behind making the film, noted by the filmmakers like producer Jerry Bruckheimer, who regarded the 1950 Walt Disney Studio feature.[74] It was also noted that history has a strange way of turning full circle as 53 years later, it took the very same studio's first Pirates of the Caribbean movie to spectacularly reinvent and reinvigorate a moribund genre which once again delighted millions.[75] One thing screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio took from their experience on Treasure Planet, was the simple premise of, "Is Long John Silver a delightful Falstaffian character or a contemptible villain?" That idea was something they carried into Captain Jack Sparrow.[76] Hector Barbossa's pet monkey, named "Jack" after Jack Sparrow, is a reference to Long John Silver's pet parrot Captain Flint. Both animals are named after their owner's former captain.[77] Dead Man's Chest features the most references, beginning with Joshamee Gibbs singing Dead Man's Chest, a song from the novel, which served as the original opening of until it changed into the second scene of the film.[78][79] Jack Sparrow is given the Black SpotbyBootstrap Bill Turner as a marker that the Kraken can track. Governor Weatherby Swann witnesses Mercer kill the captain, who was intended to be called "Captain Hawkins", as revealed by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio on the film's DVD commentary. Hawkins' backstory was intended to relate to that of Jim Hawkins' father in Treasure Island, explaining the circumstances of his father's disappearance at sea and why he never returned to the Admiral Benbow Inn.[80] The merchant ship the Edinburgh Trader was played by the Bounty, a ship replica which played the Hispaniola in the 1990 movie adaptation of the novel. Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides has Hector Barbossa begin wearing a wooden peg leg where a real one used to be, revealed to have been lost in an off-screen encounter with Blackbeard. Barbossa is feared as an omen of death and referred to as "the one legged man" by Blackbeard and his daughter Angelica, which is a parallel to Billy Bones having feared John Silver and ominously referred to him by the same moniker. Regarding this change in Barbossa, actor Geoffrey Rush noted Robert Newton playing Long John Silver in Treasure Island[81][82] Terry Rossio references Treasure Island and Treasure Planet in the annotations for his screenplay draft for Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, which features a character named Captain (later Admiral) John Benbow as a reference to the Admiral Benbow Inn.[83] One of Chris Schweizer's early ideas for the Pirates of the Caribbean comic book series was to have Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann's 12-or-13-year old son be involved in Jack Sparrow's search for Anamaria who had disappeared while searching for a mystical treasure, with the boy eventually growing up and becoming Billy Bones, a character from Treasure Island.[citation needed] A phantom pirate named Black Dog Briar appears in the video game expansion.
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