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| image = Youssif Salman Youssif.jpg |
| image = Youssif Salman Youssif.jpg |
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| image_size = 200px |
| image_size = 200px |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| nationality = [[Iraq]]i |
| nationality = [[Iraq]]i |
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| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Iraqi Communist Party]] |
| office3 = General Secretary of the [[Iraqi Communist Party]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1949|2|14|1901|7|19|df=y}} |
| death_date = {{death date and age|1949|2|14|1901|7|19|df=y}} |
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| death_place = [[Baghdad]], [[Kingdom of Iraq]] |
| death_place = [[Baghdad]], [[Kingdom of Iraq]] |
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| resting_place = |
| resting_place = |
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| profession = Politician |
| profession = Politician |
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| spouse = Irina Georgivna (m. 1935) |
| spouse = Irina Georgivna (m. 1935) |
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| children = Susan |
| children = Susan |
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| party = [[Iraqi Communist Party]] |
| party = [[Iraqi Communist Party]] |
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| signature = |
| signature = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}} |
{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}} |
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'''Yusuf Salman Yusuf''' ({{lang-ar|يوسف سلمان يوسف}}; 19 July 1901 – 14 February 1949), better known by his [[nom de guerre]] '''Comrade Fahd''' ({{lang-ar|فهد}}), was one of the first [[Iraq]]i [[communist]] activists. He was the first secretary of the [[Iraqi Communist Party]], from 1941 until his death on the [[gallows]] in 1949. He is generally credited with a vital role in the |
'''Yusuf Salman Yusuf''' ({{lang-ar|يوسف سلمان يوسف}}; 19 July 1901 – 14 February 1949), better known by his [[nom de guerre]] '''Comrade Fahd''' ({{lang-ar|فهد}}), was one of the first [[Iraq]]i [[communist]] activists. He was the first secretary of the [[Iraqi Communist Party]], from 1941 until his death on the [[gallows]] in 1949. He is generally credited with a vital role in the party’s rapid organizational growth in the 1940s. For the last two years of his life, he directed the party from [[prison]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Yusuf Salman Yusuf was born in Baghdad in 1901 to a father from [[Bartella]], in the province of [[Mosul]], northern Iraq. His family was of humble origins, and his father is recorded as having made his living selling cakes and sweets. In 1907 he moved with his family to [[Basra]] in the south of the country in search of a better livelihood. |
Yusuf Salman Yusuf was born in Baghdad in 1901 to a father from [[Bartella]], in the province of [[Mosul]], northern Iraq. His family was of humble origins, and his father is recorded as having made his living selling cakes and sweets. In 1907 he moved with his family to [[Basra]] in the south of the country in search of a better livelihood. |
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Yusuf was an ethnic [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] of [[Chaldean Catholics|Chaldean Catholic]] faith<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Franzén|first=Johan|title=Fahd, Yusuf Salman Yusuf (1901–1949)|date=2009|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0534|encyclopedia=The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest|pages=1–2|publisher=American Cancer Society|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0534|isbn=978-1-4051-9807-3|access-date=2020-09-16}}</ref> and attended the [[Syriac Christian]] School in Basra from 1908 to 1914, and the American Mission School in the city from 1914 to 1916. His education was then interrupted as his father had fallen ill and he had to seek employment for the |
Yusuf was an ethnic [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] of [[Chaldean Catholics|Chaldean Catholic]] faith<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Franzén|first=Johan|title=Fahd, Yusuf Salman Yusuf (1901–1949)|date=2009|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0534|encyclopedia=The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest|pages=1–2|publisher=American Cancer Society|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0534|isbn=978-1-4051-9807-3|access-date=2020-09-16}}</ref> and attended the [[Syriac Christian]] School in Basra from 1908 to 1914, and the American Mission School in the city from 1914 to 1916. His education was then interrupted as his father had fallen ill and he had to seek employment for the family’s upkeep. He first took a job as a translator and clerk with the [[British Army]] in Basra, before moving to [[Nasiriyah]] in 1919 to help his brother run a mill. In 1924 he returned to Basra and gained employment as a clerk at the Electricity Supply Authority. He also goes by Fahad Squad. |
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==Early communist activity and travel abroad== |
==Early communist activity and travel abroad== |
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==Return to Iraq== |
==Return to Iraq== |
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On his return, Yusuf – for the moment going by the party name of ''Sa'id'' - met [[Abdullah |
On his return, Yusuf – for the moment going by the party name of ''Sa'id'' - met [[Abdullah Mas’ud]], who was organising a communist group in Baghdad. He then travelled around the country for some time, but in December 1940, on hearing that Mas'ud was launching a communist journal, ''al-Shararah'' (''the spark''), he returned to Baghdad and requested that he be in charge of it. This Mas'ud refused, but he suggested that Fahd stay in Baghdad and engage in party work on a stipend, and Fahd accepted the offer. |
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==Leader of a split party== |
==Leader of a split party== |
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{{no footnotes|date=December 2016}} |
{{no footnotes|date=December 2016}} |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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* |
*[[Hanna Batatu|Batatu, Hanna]], ''The Old Social Classes and New Revolutionary Movements of Iraq'', London, al-Saqi Books. |
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* |
*Ismail, Tariq, The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq, Cambridge University Press (2008). |
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* |
*Salucci, Ilario, A People's History of Iraq: The Iraqi Communist Party, Workers' Movements and the Left 1923-2004. Haymarket Books (2005) {{ISBN|1-931859-14-0}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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{{Portal|Iraq|Biography|Communism}} |
{{Portal|Iraq|Biography|Communism}} |
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* |
*[[Fahd's Revolutionary Organization]] |
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* |
*[[Toma Tomas]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* |
*[http://www.iraqcp.org/framse1/ Iraqi Communist Party (English page)] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070305191230/http://middleeastreference.org.uk/iraqiopposition.html Iraqi Political Groupings and Individuals] |
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{{s-start}} |
{{s-start}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[List of secretaries of the Iraqi Communist Party|General Secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party]]|before=[[Abdullah Mas'ud]]|after=[[Baha' al-Din Nuri]]|years= |
{{succession box|title=[[List of secretaries of the Iraqi Communist Party|General Secretary of the Iraqi Communist Party]]|before=[[Abdullah Mas'ud]]|after=[[Baha' al-Din Nuri]]|years=1941–1949}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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