J
u
m
p
t
o
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
M
a
i
n
m
e
n
u
M
a
i
n
m
e
n
u
m
o
v
e
t
o
s
i
d
e
b
a
r
h
i
d
e
N
a
v
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
●
M
a
i
n
p
a
g
e
●
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
●
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
e
v
e
n
t
s
●
R
a
n
d
o
m
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
●
A
b
o
u
t
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
●
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
u
s
●
D
o
n
a
t
e
C
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
●
H
e
l
p
●
L
e
a
r
n
t
o
e
d
i
t
●
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
p
o
r
t
a
l
●
R
e
c
e
n
t
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
●
U
p
l
o
a
d
f
i
l
e
S
e
a
r
c
h
Search
A
p
p
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
●
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
●
L
o
g
i
n
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
t
o
o
l
s
●
C
r
e
a
t
e
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
●
L
o
g
i
n
P
a
g
e
s
f
o
r
l
o
g
g
e
d
o
u
t
e
d
i
t
o
r
s
l
e
a
r
n
m
o
r
e
●
C
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
●
T
a
l
k
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
m
o
v
e
t
o
s
i
d
e
b
a
r
h
i
d
e
(
T
o
p
)
1
A
s
t
r
o
n
o
m
y
2
A
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
3
B
i
o
l
o
g
y
4
E
a
r
t
h
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
5
E
x
p
l
o
r
a
t
i
o
n
6
M
a
t
h
e
m
a
t
i
c
s
7
M
e
d
i
c
i
n
e
8
P
h
y
s
i
c
s
9
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
10
A
w
a
r
d
s
11
B
i
r
t
h
s
12
D
e
a
t
h
s
13
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
T
o
g
g
l
e
t
h
e
t
a
b
l
e
o
f
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
1
7
8
5
i
n
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
8
l
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
s
●
閩
南
語
/
B
â
n
-
l
â
m
-
g
ú
●
F
r
a
n
ç
a
i
s
●
M
a
g
y
a
r
●
М
а
к
е
д
о
н
с
к
и
●
N
o
r
s
k
b
o
k
m
å
l
●
P
o
r
t
u
g
u
ê
s
●
Р
у
с
с
к
и
й
●
S
v
e
n
s
k
a
E
d
i
t
l
i
n
k
s
●
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
●
T
a
l
k
E
n
g
l
i
s
h
●
R
e
a
d
●
E
d
i
t
●
V
i
e
w
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
T
o
o
l
s
T
o
o
l
s
m
o
v
e
t
o
s
i
d
e
b
a
r
h
i
d
e
A
c
t
i
o
n
s
●
R
e
a
d
●
E
d
i
t
●
V
i
e
w
h
i
s
t
o
r
y
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
●
W
h
a
t
l
i
n
k
s
h
e
r
e
●
R
e
l
a
t
e
d
c
h
a
n
g
e
s
●
U
p
l
o
a
d
f
i
l
e
●
S
p
e
c
i
a
l
p
a
g
e
s
●
P
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
l
i
n
k
●
P
a
g
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
●
C
i
t
e
t
h
i
s
p
a
g
e
●
G
e
t
s
h
o
r
t
e
n
e
d
U
R
L
●
D
o
w
n
l
o
a
d
Q
R
c
o
d
e
●
W
i
k
i
d
a
t
a
i
t
e
m
P
r
i
n
t
/
e
x
p
o
r
t
●
D
o
w
n
l
o
a
d
a
s
P
D
F
●
P
r
i
n
t
a
b
l
e
v
e
r
s
i
o
n
I
n
o
t
h
e
r
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s
●
W
i
k
i
m
e
d
i
a
C
o
m
m
o
n
s
A
p
p
e
a
r
a
n
c
e
m
o
v
e
t
o
s
i
d
e
b
a
r
h
i
d
e
F
r
o
m
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
,
t
h
e
f
r
e
e
e
n
c
y
c
l
o
p
e
d
i
a
Overview of the events of 1785 in science
List of years in science
(
table
)
…
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
…
Art
Archaeology
Architecture
Literature
Music
Philosophy
Science
+...
1785 in science
1784
1786
Fields
Archaeology
Technology
Sustainable energy research
Transportation technology
Social sciences
Psychology
Governance and policy studies
Paleontology
Dinosaurs' extinction
Extraterrestrial environment
Terrestrial environment
Tornado research
Other/related
Literature
Timeline of cosmological theories
List of open letters by academics
History of technology by type
List of science timelines
v
t
e
The year
1785 in
science
and
technology
involved some significant events.
Astronomy
[
edit
]
Dunsink Observatory
established near
Dublin
.
[1]
Aviation
[
edit
]
January 7 –
Frenchman
Jean-Pierre Blanchard
and
American
John Jeffries
travel from
Dover
,
England
to
Calais
,
France
in a gas
balloon
, becoming the first to cross the
English Channel
by air.
January 19 –
Richard Crosbie
successfully flies in a
hot air balloon
across
Dublin
, the first ascent in
Ireland
.
Biology
[
edit
]
Antoine François
and
Étienne Louis Geoffroy
publish
Entomologia Parisiensis, sive, Catalogus insectorum quae in agro Parisiensi reperiuntur ...
.
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute
, publishes
Botanical Tables, containing the different families of British plants
.
Earth sciences
[
edit
]
March 7–July –
James Hutton
's
Theory of the Earth
is first presented, at the
Royal Society of Edinburgh
.
[2]
Exploration
[
edit
]
André Michaux
is sent by the French government to
North America
to look for new
plants
.
Mathematics
[
edit
]
The
Marquis de Condorcet
publishes
Essai sur l'application de l'analyse á la probabilité des décisions rendues á la pluralité des voix
including his
voting paradox
, the
Condorcet method
of voting and his
jury theorem
.
Medicine
[
edit
]
William Withering
publishes
An Account of the Foxglove and some of its Medical Uses
.
A form of
chainsaw
is first illustrated by Scottish doctor John Aitken, for use in
symphysiotomy
.
[3]
[4]
London Hospital Medical College
opens as England's first chartered medical school.
Physics
[
edit
]
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
first publishes
Coulomb's law
.
[5]
Technology
[
edit
]
Lionel Lukin
patents
a
rescue lifeboat
in
Great Britain
.
Approximate date – American inventor
Oliver Evans
erects a fully automated
flour mill
capable of operating continuously through the pioneering use of
bulk material handling
devices including
bucket elevators
,
conveyor belts
, and
Archimedean screws
at
Greenbank Mill
, in
New Castle County, Delaware
[6]
[7]
[8]
– "He practically invented the modern science of handling materials."
[9]
Awards
[
edit
]
Copley Medal
:
William Roy
[10]
Births
[
edit
]
January 15 –
William Prout
, English
chemist
(died
1850
)
February 26 –
Anna Sundström
, Swedish chemist (died
1871
)
March 17 –
Ellen Hutchins
, Irish botanist (died
1815
)
March 22 –
Adam Sedgwick
, English
geologist
(died
1873
)
April 26 –
John James Audubon
, Haitian-born American
naturalist
,
illustrator
(died
1851
)
July 6 –
William Jackson Hooker
, English botanist (died
1865
)
Deaths
[
edit
]
January 23 –
Matthew Stewart
,
Scottish
mathematician
(born
1717
)
June 2 –
Jean Paul de Gua de Malves
,
French
mathematician (born
1713
)
November 16 –
Johan Gottschalk Wallerius
,
Swedish
chemist and
mineralogist
(born
1709
)
December 12 –
Edmé-Louis Daubenton
, French naturalist (born
1730
)
Pierre Le Roy
, French
clockmaker
(born 1717)
Saverio Manetti
,
Italian
natural historian (born
1723
)
undated
–
Faustina Pignatelli
, Italian mathematician (born
1705
)
References
[
edit
]
^
Alexander Thom
(1850).
Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory
(7th ed.). p. 258
. Retrieved
2011-02-22
.
^
Hutton, James (1788).
"Theory of the Earth; or an Investigation of the Laws observable in the Composition, Dissolution, and Restoration of Land upon the Globe"
.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
.
1
(
2
): 209–304. Archived from
the original
on 2003-07-29
. Retrieved
2011-10-12
.
^
Aitken, John (1785).
Principles of Midwifery or Puerperal Medicine
.
^
Skippen, M.; Kirkup, J.; Maxton, R. M.; McDonald, S. W. (2004). "The Chain Saw - A Scottish Invention".
Scottish Medical Journal
.
49
(
2
): 72–75.
doi
:
10.1177/003693300404900218
.
ISSN
0036-9330
.
PMID
15209147
.
S2CID
19878683
.
^
Coulomb (1785). "
Premier mémoire sur l’électricité et le magnétisme
".
Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences
. pp. 569–577.
^
Evans, Oliver; Evans, Thomas Ellicott Cadwallader (1848).
The Young Mill-wright and Miller's Guide
(12th ed.). Lea & Blanchard. p.
204
.
^
Thomson, Ross (2009).
Structures of Change in the Mechanical Age: Technological Invention in the United States 1790-1865
. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
ISBN
978-0-8018-9141-0
.
^
Troy, Rosemary; Wood, Graydon (June 1972).
"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Greenbank Historic Area"
.
National Park Service
.
^
Roe, Joseph Wickham
(1916),
English and American Tool Builders
, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press,
LCCN
16011753
. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (
LCCN
27-24075
); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois (
ISBN
978-0-917914-73-7
)..
^
"Copley Medal | British scientific award"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
21 July
2020
.
R
e
t
r
i
e
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
"
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1785_in_science&oldid=1229406208
"
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
:
●
1
7
8
5
i
n
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
●
1
8
t
h
c
e
n
t
u
r
y
i
n
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
●
1
7
8
0
s
i
n
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
H
i
d
d
e
n
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
:
●
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
w
i
t
h
s
h
o
r
t
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
●
S
h
o
r
t
d
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
i
s
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
f
r
o
m
W
i
k
i
d
a
t
a
●
T
h
i
s
p
a
g
e
w
a
s
l
a
s
t
e
d
i
t
e
d
o
n
1
6
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
4
,
a
t
1
6
:
4
9
(
U
T
C
)
.
●
T
e
x
t
i
s
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
C
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
C
o
m
m
o
n
s
A
t
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
-
S
h
a
r
e
A
l
i
k
e
L
i
c
e
n
s
e
4
.
0
;
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
e
r
m
s
m
a
y
a
p
p
l
y
.
B
y
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
i
s
s
i
t
e
,
y
o
u
a
g
r
e
e
t
o
t
h
e
T
e
r
m
s
o
f
U
s
e
a
n
d
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
P
o
l
i
c
y
.
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
®
i
s
a
r
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
e
d
t
r
a
d
e
m
a
r
k
o
f
t
h
e
W
i
k
i
m
e
d
i
a
F
o
u
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
,
I
n
c
.
,
a
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
i
t
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
.
●
P
r
i
v
a
c
y
p
o
l
i
c
y
●
A
b
o
u
t
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
●
D
i
s
c
l
a
i
m
e
r
s
●
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
W
i
k
i
p
e
d
i
a
●
C
o
d
e
o
f
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
●
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
r
s
●
S
t
a
t
i
s
t
i
c
s
●
C
o
o
k
i
e
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
●
M
o
b
i
l
e
v
i
e
w
