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Overview of the events of 1844 in science
List of years in science
(
table
)
…
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
…
Art
Archaeology
Architecture
Literature
Music
Philosophy
Science
+...
1844 in science
1843
1845
Fields
Archaeology
Technology
Sustainable energy research
Transportation technology
Social sciences
Psychology
Governance and policy studies
Paleontology
Dinosaurs' extinction
Extraterrestrial environment
Terrestrial environment
Other/related
Birding/ornithology
Literature
Philosophy
Timeline of cosmological theories
List of open letters by academics
History of technology by type
List of science timelines
v
t
e
The year
1844 in
science
and
technology
involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
[
edit
]
August 10 – German astronomer
Friedrich Bessel
deduces from the motion of the
bright stars
Sirius
and
Procyon
that they have dark companions.
[1]
Biology
[
edit
]
June 3 – The last definitely recorded pair of
great auks
(
Pinguinus impennis
) are killed on the
Icelandic
island of
Eldey
.
August 1 – Opening of
Berlin Zoological Garden
.
[2]
Gabriel Gustav Valentin
notes the digestive activity of
pancreatic juice
.
George Robert Gray
begins publication in
London
of
The Genera of Birds
.
Joseph Dalton Hooker
begins publication of
The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H.M. Discovery Ships
Erebus
and
Terror
... 1839–1843
in
London
.
[3]
Chemistry
[
edit
]
Karl Klaus
discovers
ruthenium
.
Professor
Gustaf Erik Pasch
of
Stockholm
is granted the privilege of manufacturing a
safety match
.
French chemist
Adolphe Wurtz
reports the first synthesis of
copper hydride
, a well-known reducing agent and catalyst in organic chemistry.
Earth sciences
[
edit
]
Robert Chambers
' anonymous
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
, which paves the way for acceptance of
Darwin
's
The Origin of Species
, is published in Britain.
Mathematics
[
edit
]
Joseph Liouville
finds the first
transcendental number
Hermann Grassmann
studies vectors with more than three dimensions.
Medicine
[
edit
]
Irish
physician
Francis Rynd utilises a hollow
hypodermic needle
to make the first recorded
subcutaneous injections
, specifically of a
sedative
to treat
neuralgia
.
Metrology
[
edit
]
Joseph Whitworth
introduces the
thou
.
[4]
Physics
[
edit
]
William Robert Grove
publishes
The Correlation of Physical Forces
, the first comprehensive account of the
conservation of energy
.
Technology
[
edit
]
January 30 –
Charles Goodyear
patents
the
vulcanisation
of
rubber
in the
United States
.
May 11 –
Samuel Morse
sends the first message using
Morse code
.
June –
Henry Fox Talbot
commences publication of the first book illustrated with photographs from a camera,
The Pencil of Nature
.
Uriah A. Boyden
develops an improved outward-flow
water turbine
.
Robert Bunsen
invents the
grease-spot photometer
.
Thomas and Caleb Pratt design the Pratt
truss bridge
.
Dublin
iron-founder
Richard Turner
begins assembling components for the
Palm house
at
Kew Gardens
in
London
, the first large-scale structural use of
wrought iron
.
Egide Walschaerts
of the
Belgian State Railways
originates
Walschaerts valve gear
for the
steam locomotive
.
Events
[
edit
]
July 27 – Death of English chemist and physicist
John Dalton
in
Manchester
where his body lies in honour in the
Town Hall
and more than 40,000 people file past his coffin.
Awards
[
edit
]
Copley Medal
:
Carlo Matteucci
[5]
Wollaston Medal
for Geology:
William Conybeare
Births
[
edit
]
February 1 –
G. Stanley Hall
(died
1924
),
American
psychologist
.
February 7 –
Alexei Pavlovich Fedchenko
(died
1873
),
Russian
naturalist
.
February 20 –
Ludwig Boltzmann
(died
1906
),
Austrian
physicist
famous for the invention of
statistical mechanics
.
March 25 –
Adolf Engler
(died
1930
),
German
botanist
.
June 10 –
Carl Hagenbeck
(died
1913
), German
zoologist
.
July 1 –
H. Newell Martin
(died
1896
),
British
physiologist
.
August 6 –
James Henry Greathead
(died
1896
),
South African
-born
English
civil engineer
.
August 13 –
Friedrich Miescher
(died
1895
),
Swiss
biochemist
.
August 22 –
George W. DeLong
(died
1881
), American
Arctic
explorer.
September 11 –
Henry Alleyne Nicholson
(died
1899
), English
paleontologist
and zoologist.
October 3 –
Patrick Manson
(died
1922
),
Scottish
parasitologist
, the "father of tropical medicine" .
October 28 –
Mary Katharine Brandegee
née Layne (died
1920
), American botanist.
November 25 –
Karl Benz
(died
1929
), German
automotive engineer
.
Varvara Rudneva
(d.
1899
), Russian physician.
Deaths
[
edit
]
June 19 –
Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
(born
1772
),
French
naturalist
.
July 27 –
John Dalton
(born
1766
),
English
chemist
and
physicist
.
August 30 –
Francis Baily
(born
1774
), English
astronomer
.
December 28 –
Thomas Henderson
(born
1798
),
Scottish
astronomer.
References
[
edit
]
^
Bessel, F. W. (December 1844).
"On the Variations of the Proper Motions of
Procyon
and
Sirius
"
.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
.
6
(
11
): 136–141.
Bibcode
:
1844MNRAS...6R.136B
.
doi
:
10.1093/mnras/6.11.136a
.
^
"Zoologischer Garten Berlin"
.
zoo-infos.de
. Zoo-Infos.de
. Retrieved
2010-09-05
.
^
Sampson, F. Bruce (1985). "Botany of the Antarctic Voyage".
Early New Zealand Botanical Art
. Auckland: Reed Methuen. p.
76
. Retrieved
2011-04-05
.
^
Edkins, Jo.
"Small units"
.
Imperial Measures of Length
. Jo Edkins. Archived from
the original
on 10 October 2009
. Retrieved
2009-09-23
.
^
"Copley Medal | British scientific award"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
22 July
2020
.
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