18 Scorpii has some physical properties in common with the Sun, a G-type star. Cayrel de Strobel (1996) included it in her review of the stars most similar to the Sun,[10] and Porto de Mello & da Silva (1997) identified it as a younger solar twin.[11][12] Some scientists therefore believe the prospects for life in its vicinity are good.
18 scorpii is on the northern boundary of the constellation. Its high proper motion positions it in Ophiuchus before 1700.The age of 18 Scorpii, shown relative to the Sun, the older solar twin HD 197027, here annotated as HIP 102152 and the formation of the Milky Way
18 Scorpii is a main sequence star of spectral and luminosity type G2 Va,[12] with the luminosity class of 'V' indicating it is generating energy through the nuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core region. Sousa et al. (2008) found its metallicity to be about 1.1 times that of the Sun, which means the abundance of elements other than hydrogen or helium is 10% greater.[13][14] The radius of this star, as measured using interferometry by Bazot et al. (2011), is 101% the radius of the Sun. When combined with the results of asteroseismology measurements, this allows the mass of the star to be estimated as 102% of the Sun's mass.[15] This star is radiating 106% of the Sun's luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 5,433 K.[16] It is this heat that gives the star the yellow-hued glow of a G-type star.[17]
According to Lockwood (2002), it has a temporal photometric behavior very similar to the Sun.[18] Its brightness variation over its entire activity cycle is 0.09%, about the same as the Sun's brightness variations during recent solar cycles.[19] Using the technique of Zeeman-Doppler imaging, Petit et al. (2008) have detected its surface magnetic field, showing that its intensity and geometry are very similar to the large-scale solar magnetic field.[20] The estimated period for the activity cycle of 18 Scorpii is about seven years,[5] which is significantly shorter than the Sun's, and its overall chromospheric activity level is noticeably higher.[19][21] Like the Sun, it has a hot corona with a temperature in the range of 1.5–2 MK and an X-ray luminosity of 8 ± 1.5 ergs s−1.[8]
Though 18 Scorpii is only slightly more metal-rich overall than the Sun, its lithium abundance is about three times as high; for this reason, Meléndez & Ramírez (2007) have suggested that 18 Scorpii be called a "quasi solar twin", reserving the term solar twin for stars (such as HIP 56948) that match the Sun, within the observational errors, for all parameters.[22]
18 Scorpii is a young star at 2.9 Gyr (2.9 Billion years old). 18 Scorpii has not yet entered its stable burning stage. The Sun at 4.7 Gyr is at its most stable stage. Due to 18 Scorpii age, it is at the edge of range for a solar twin, and is more of a Solar analog.[23] 18 Scorpii was thought to be 5.0 billion years old in the past, new measurements in 2013 found 18 Scorpii to be younger at 2.9 billion years old.[24]
18 Scorpii was identified in September 2003 by astrobiologist Margaret Turnbull from the University of ArizonainTucson as one of the most promising nearby candidates for hosting life, based on her analysis of the HabCat list of stars. This is a solitary star,[25] and does not display the level of excess infrared emission that would otherwise suggest the presence of unconsolidated circumstellar matter, such as a debris disk.[26]
In a paper published in April 2017, a candidate planet was found orbiting 18 Scorpii (HD 146233) with a period of 2,529 days (6.92 yr),[27] but subsequent studies in 2020 and 2023 found that the radial velocity signal originates from a stellar activity cycle.[28][29]: 38 However, in 2023 evidence of a different candidate planet was found, which would be of super-Earth mass with a period of 19.9 days.[29]: 38
^Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989). "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 71: 245. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K. doi:10.1086/191373.
^ abc"18 Sco -- Variable Star", SIMBAD, Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2011-10-13 The ubv information is per Compilation of Eggen's UBV data, transformed to UBV (unpublished) 1986. See the Measurements section.
^ abCoughlin, Jared; et al. (January 2010). "The Night Time Sun: X-Ray Observations of the Solar Twin 18 Scorpii". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 42: 333. Bibcode:2010AAS...21542417C.
^A metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.04 dex indicates that the star has 100.04 = 1.096, or 110% of the abundance of elements heavier than helium, compared to the Sun.
^"The Colour of Stars", Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, December 21, 2004, archived from the original on February 22, 2012, retrieved 2012-01-16
^Hall, Jeffrey C.; Lockwood, G. W. (2000). "Evidence of a Pronounced Activity Cycle in the Solar Twin 18 Scorpii". The Astrophysical Journal. 545 (2): L43–L45. Bibcode:2000ApJ...545L..43H. doi:10.1086/317331.
