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a
Overview of the events of 1974 in science
List of years in science
(
table
)
…
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
…
Art
Archaeology
Architecture
Literature
Music
Philosophy
Science
+...
1974 in science
1973
1975
Fields
Archaeology
Technology
Sustainable energy research
Transportation technology
Social sciences
Psychology
Governance and policy studies
Paleontology
Dinosaurs' extinction
Extraterrestrial environment
Spaceflight
Terrestrial environment
Environment and environmental sciences
Tornado research
Other/related
Literature
Philosophy
Timeline of cosmological theories
List of open letters by academics
History of technology by type
List of science timelines
v
t
e
The year
1974 in
science
and
technology
involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
[
edit
]
February 8 – After 84 days in
space
, the last crew of the temporary American
space station
Skylab
return to
Earth
.
February 13–15 –
Sagittarius A*
, thought to be the location of a
supermassive black hole
, is identified by Bruce Balick and Robert Brown using the baseline interferometer of the United States
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
.
[1]
November 16 –
Arecibo message
transmitted from
Arecibo Observatory
(Puerto Rico) to
Messier 13
.
Hawking radiation
is predicted by
Stephen Hawking
.
[2]
Computer Science
[
edit
]
The
Mark-8
microcomputer
based on the
Intel 8008
microprocessor
is designed by Jonathan Titus. It is announced on the cover of the July 1974 issue of
Radio-Electronics
as "Your Personal Minicomputer".
History of science
[
edit
]
F. W. Winterbotham
publishes
The Ultra secret: the inside story of Operation Ultra, Bletchley Park and Enigma
, the first popular account of
cryptography
carried out at
Bletchley Park
during
World War II
.
Mathematics
[
edit
]
Yves Hellegouarch proposes a connection between
Fermat's Last Theorem
and the
Frey curve
.
[3]
Medicine
[
edit
]
September 25 – 1974 – The first "
Tommy John surgery
" for replacement of
ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint
is performed by
Frank Jobe
in the United States.
Identification of
controlled trials
in
perinatal
medicine, as advocated by
Archie Cochrane
, begins in
Cardiff
,
Wales
.
[4]
Henry Heimlich
describes the "
Heimlich Maneuver
" as a treatment for choking.
[5]
Paleoanthropology and paleontology
[
edit
]
November 24 – A group of
paleoanthropologists
discover remains of a 3.2-million-year-old skeleton of an
Australopithecus afarensis
in the
Afar Depression
of
Ethiopia
, nicknaming her "
Lucy
".
Physics
[
edit
]
May 18 – "
Smiling Buddha
",
India
's first
nuclear test explosion
takes place underground at
Pokhran
.
[6]
"November Revolution":
J/ψ meson
, the first particle found to contain a
charm quark
, discovered by teams at the
Brookhaven National Laboratory
, led by
Samuel Ting
,
[7]
and at the
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
, led by
Burton Richter
.
[8]
Physiology
[
edit
]
May – British neuroscientists
John Hughes
and
Hans Kosterlitz
announce their isolation of the
peptides
met-
and
leu-enkephalin
.
Psychology
[
edit
]
Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins
is published by
Konrad Lorenz
.
Leon Kamin
demonstrates that Sir
Cyril Burt
's influential research into
heritability of IQ
using
twin studies
shows evidence of statistical
falsification
.
[9]
Technology
[
edit
]
June 26 – The
Universal Product Code
is scanned for the first time, to sell a package of
Wrigley
's
chewing gum
at the Marsh Supermarket in
Troy, Ohio
, the first use of
barcode
technology in American retailing.
[10]
Stephen Salter
invents the "Salter Duck", a
wave energy
converter.
Zoology
[
edit
]
January 7 – Outbreak of 4-year
Gombe Chimpanzee War
in
Tanzania
, reported by
Jane Goodall
.
Digital dermatitis
in cattle identified in Italy by Cheli and Mortellaro.
Other events
[
edit
]
Rubik's Cube
invented by
Ernő Rubik
.
[11]
Awards
[
edit
]
Fields Prize in Mathematics
:
Enrico Bombieri
and
David Mumford
Nobel Prizes
Physics
–
Martin Ryle
,
Antony Hewish
[12]
Chemistry
–
Paul J. Flory
Medicine
–
Albert Claude
,
Christian de Duve
,
George Emil Palade
Turing Award
–
Donald Knuth
Births
[
edit
]
March 10 –
Biz Stone
, American computing entrepreneur
August 8 –
Manjul Bhargava
, Canadian-born mathematician
August 11 –
Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
, English cognitive neuroscientist
September 28 –
Sunil Kumar Verma
, Indian biologist
Deaths
[
edit
]
February 4 –
S. N. Bose
,
Indian
physicist
(b.
1894
)
April 12 –
Cornelis Simon Meijer
,
Dutch
mathematician
(b.
1904
)
May 4 –
Ludwig Koch
,
German
-born
British
animal
sound recordist
(b.
1881
)
May 18 –
Harry Ricardo
,
English
mechanical engineer
(b.
1885
)
May 22 –
Irmgard Flügge-Lotz
(b.
1903
), German-American mathematician and
aerospace engineer
June 28 –
Vannevar Bush
, American science administrator (b.
1890
)
July 3 –
Sergey Lebedev
, Soviet
Russian
computer scientist (b.
1902
)
August 22 –
Jacob Bronowski
,
Polish
-born British scientific
polymath
(b.
1908
)
References
[
edit
]
^
Melia, Fulvio (2007).
The Galactic Supermassive Black Hole
. Princeton University Press. p. 2.
ISBN
978-0-691-13129-0
.
^
Hawking, S. W. (1974-03-01). "Black hole explosions?".
Nature
.
248
(5443): 30.
Bibcode
:
1974Natur.248...30H
.
doi
:
10.1038/248030a0
.
S2CID
4290107
.
^
Hellegouarch, Yves (1974).
"Points d'ordre 2p
h
sur les courbes elliptiques"
(PDF)
.
Acta Arithmetica
.
26
(
3
). Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Matematyczny: 253–263.
doi
:
10.4064/aa-26-3-253-263
.
ISSN
0065-1036
.
MR
0379507
.
^
"About the Cochrane Library"
. The
Cochrane Library
. Archived from
the original
on 2011-01-05
. Retrieved
2011-01-25
.
^
Heimlich, H. (June 1974). "Pop Goes the Cafe Coronary".
Emergency Medicine
.
^
"India's Nuclear Weapons Program – Smiling Buddha: 1974"
. Nuclear Weapon Archive. 2001.
Archived
from the original on 19 May 2011
. Retrieved
2011-05-25
.
^
Aubert, J. J.; et al. (2 December 1974).
"Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle
J
"
.
Physical Review Letters
.
33
(
23
): 1404–6.
Bibcode
:
1974PhRvL..33.1404A
.
doi
:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1404
.
^
Augustin, J.-E.; et al. (2 December 1974).
"Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in
e
+
e
−
Annihilation"
.
Physical Review Letters
.
33
(
23
): 1406–8.
Bibcode
:
1974PhRvL..33.1406A
.
doi
:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.33.1406
.
^
Gillie, O. (1976-10-24). "Crucial data was faked by eminent psychologist".
The Sunday Times
. London.
^
Kleinman, Zoe (2012-10-07).
"Barcode birthday: 60 years since patent"
.
BBC News
. Retrieved
2013-06-29
.
^
Fotheringham, William (2007).
Fotheringham's Sporting Pastimes
. Anova Books. p.
50
.
ISBN
978-1-86105-953-6
.
^
"6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism"
.
National Geographic News
. 19 May 2013. Archived from
the original
on September 3, 2019
. Retrieved
19 January
2021
.
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