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Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid | |
Other names
3-Aminoisobutyrate | |
Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.132 ![]() |
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
C4H9NO2 | |
Molar mass | 103.12 g/mol |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). |
3-Aminoisobutyric acid (also known as β-aminoisobutyric acidorBAIBA) is a product formed by the catabolism of thymine.
During exercise, the increase of PGC-1α protein triggers the secretion of BAIBA from exercising muscles to blood (concentration 2 to 3 μM in human serum). When BAIBA reaches the white fat tissue, it activates the expression of thermogenic genes via PPARα receptors, resulting in a browning of white fat cells.[1] One of the consequences of the BAIBA activity is the increase of the background metabolism of the BAIBA target cells.
It is thought to play a number of roles in cell metabolism, how body burns fat and regulates insulin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol.[2][3][4]
BAIBA is found as a normal metabolite of skeletal muscle in 2014. The plasma concentrations are increased in human by exercise. The production is likely a result of enhanced mitochondrial activity as the increase is also observed in the muscle of PGC-1a overexpression mice. BAIBA is proposed as protective factor against metabolic disorder since it can induce brown fat function.[1]
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purine metabolism |
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pyrimidine metabolism |
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