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Hypoxanthine

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Hypoxanthine
Names

Preferred IUPAC name 1,9-Dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
Identifiers
CAS Number	68-94-0^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:17368^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1427^Y
ChemSpider	768^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.634
IUPHAR/BPS	4555
KEGG	C00262^Y
MeSH	Hypoxanthine
PubChem CID	790
UNII	2TN51YD919^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8045983
InChI InChI=1S/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-4(7-1-6-3)8-2-9-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10)^Y Key: FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/C5H4N4O/c10-5-3-4(7-1-6-3)8-2-9-5/h1-2H,(H2,6,7,8,9,10) Key: FDGQSTZJBFJUBT-UHFFFAOYAJ
SMILES c1[nH]c2c(n1)[nH]cnc2=O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₅H₄N₄O
Molar mass	136.112
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine derivative. It is occasionally found as a constituent of nucleic acids, where it is present in the anticodonoftRNA in the form of its nucleoside inosine. It has a tautomer known as 6-hydroxypurine. Hypoxanthine is a necessary additive in certain cells, bacteria, and parasite cultures as a substrate and nitrogen source. For example,^[1]^[2] it is commonly a required reagentinmalaria parasite cultures, since Plasmodium falciparum requires a source of hypoxanthine for nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism.

In August 2011, a report, based on NASA studies with meteorites found on Earth, was published suggesting hypoxanthine and related organic molecules, including the DNA and RNA components adenine and guanine, may have been formed extraterrestrially in outer space.^[3]^[4]^[5]

The Pheretima aspergillum worm, used in Chinese medicine preparations, contains hypoxanthine.^[6]

Reactions[edit]

It is one of the products of the action of xanthine oxidaseonxanthine. However, more frequently in purine degradation, xanthine is formed from oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase.

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase converts hypoxanthine into IMPinnucleotide salvage.

Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination product of adenine. Because of its resemblance to guanine, the spontaneous deamination of adenine can lead to an error in DNA transcription/replication, as it base pairs with cytosine. Hypoxanthine is removed from DNA by base excision repair, initiated by N-methylpurine glycosylase (MPG), also known as alkyl adenine glycosylase (Aag). ^[7]

Additional images[edit]

References[edit]

^ "Estimation of Plasmodium falciparum drug susceptibility by the ³H-hypoxanthine uptake inhibition assay" (PDF). Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2017-01-20.

^ Brockman, A.; Price, R.N.; van Vugt, M.; Heppner, D.G.; Walsh, D.; Sookto, P.; Wimonwattrawatee, T.; Looareesuwan, S.; White, N.J.; Nosten, F. (September 2000). "Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug susceptibility on the north-western border of Thailand during five years of extensive use of artesunate-mefloquine". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 94 (5): 537–544. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(00)90080-4. PMC 4340572. PMID 11132385.

^ Callahan; Smith, K.E.; Cleaves, H.J.; Ruzica, J.; Stern, J.C.; Glavin, D.P.; House, C.H.; Dworkin, J.P. (11 August 2011). "Carbonaceous meteorites contain a wide range of extraterrestrial nucleobases". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (34): 13995–13998. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10813995C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1106493108. PMC 3161613. PMID 21836052.

^ Steigerwald, John (8 August 2011). "NASA Researchers: DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space". NASA. Retrieved 2011-08-10.

^ ScienceDaily Staff (9 August 2011). "DNA Building Blocks Can Be Made in Space, NASA Evidence Suggests". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2011-08-09.

^ The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs, Second Edition By Kee C. Huang