Contents

July 7

July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 177 days remain until the end of the year.

Events[edit]

Pre-1600[edit]

• 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
• 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arcofheresy 25 years after her execution.
• 1520 – Spanish conquistadores defeat a larger Aztec army at the Battle of Otumba.
• 1534 – Jacques Cartier makes his first contact with aboriginal peoples in what is now Canada.
• 1575 – The Raid of the Redeswire is the last major battle between England and Scotland.
• 1585 – The Treaty of Nemours abolishes tolerance to Protestants in France.

1601–1900[edit]

• 1667 – An English fleet completes the destruction of a French merchant fleet off Fort St Pierre, Martinique during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.^[1]
• 1770 – The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.
• 1777 – American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated in the Battle of Hubbardton.
• 1798 – As a result of the XYZ Affair, the US Congress rescinds the Treaty of Alliance with France sparking the "Quasi-War".
• 1807 – The first Treaty of Tilsit between France and Russia is signed, ending hostilities between the two countries in the War of the Fourth Coalition.
• 1834 – In New York City, four nights of rioting against abolitionists began.
• 1846 – US troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the US conquest of California.
• 1863 – The United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
• 1865 – Four conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln are hanged.
• 1892 – The Katipunan is established, the discovery of which by Spanish authorities initiated the Philippine Revolution.
• 1898 – US President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.

1901–present[edit]

• 1907 – Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. staged his first Follies on the roof of the New York Theater in New York City.
• 1911 – The United States, UK, Japan, and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 banning open-water seal hunting, the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues.
• 1915 – The First Battle of the Isonzo comes to an end.
• 1915 – Colombo Town Guard officer Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for allegedly inciting persecution of Muslims.
• 1916 – The New Zealand Labour Party was founded in Wellington.
• 1928 – Sliced bread is sold for the first time (onthe inventor's 48th birthday) by the Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri.
• 1930 – Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).
• 1937 – The Marco Polo Bridge Incident (Lugou Bridge) provides the Imperial Japanese Army with a pretext for starting the Second Sino-Japanese War (China-Japan War).
• 1937 – The Peel Commission Report recommends the partition of Palestine, which was the first formal recommendation for partition in the history of Palestine.
• 1941 – The US occupation of Iceland replaces the UK's occupation.
• 1944 – World War II: Largest Banzai charge of the Pacific War at the Battle of Saipan.
• 1946 – Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
• 1946 – Howard Hughes nearly dies when his XF-11 reconnaissance aircraft prototype crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood.
• 1952 – The ocean liner SS United States passes Bishop Rock on her maiden voyage, breaking the transatlantic speed record to become the fastest passenger ship in the world.
• 1953 – Ernesto "Che" Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador.
• 1958 – US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law.
• 1959 – Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
• 1962 – Alitalia Flight 771 crashes in Junnar, Maharashtra, India, killing 94 people.^[2]
• 1963 – Buddhist crisis: Police commanded by Ngô Đình Nhu, brother and chief political adviser of South Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem, attacked a group of American journalists who were covering a protest.
• 1978 – The Solomon Islands becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
• 1980 – Institution of sharia lawinIran.
• 1980 – During the Lebanese Civil War, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what will be known as the Safra massacre.
• 1981 – US President Ronald Reagan nominates Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1983 – Cold War: Samantha Smith, a US schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Secretary General Yuri Andropov.
• 1985 – Boris Becker becomes the youngest male player ever to win Wimbledon at age 17.
• 1991 – Yugoslav Wars: The Brioni Agreement ends the ten-day independence warinSlovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
• 1992 – The New York Court of Appeals rules that women have the same right as men to go topless in public.
• 1997 – The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.
• 2003 – NASA Opportunity rover, MER-B or Mars Exploration Rover–B, was launched into space aboard a Delta II rocket.
• 2005 – A series of four explosions occurs on London's transport system, killing 56 people, including four suicide bombers, and injuring over 700 others.
• 2007 – The first Live Earth benefit concert was held in 11 locations around the world.
• 2012 – At least 172 people are killed in a flash flood in the Krasnodar Krai region of Russia.
• 2013 – A De Havilland Otter air taxi crashesinSoldotna, Alaska, killing ten people.
• 2016 – Ex-US Army soldier Micah Xavier Johnson shoots fourteen policemen during an anti-police protest in downtown Dallas, Texas, killing five of them. He is subsequently killed by a robot-delivered bomb.
• 2017 – The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons was adopted with 122 countries voting in favour.^[3]
• 2019 – The United States women's national soccer team defeated the Netherlands 2–0 at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup FinalinLyon, France.
• 2022 – Boris Johnson announces his resignation as leader of the Conservative Party following days of pressure from the Members of Parliament (MPs) during the July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis.^[4]

Births[edit]

Pre-1600[edit]

• 611 – Eudoxia Epiphania, daughter of Byzantine emperor Heraclius^[5]
• 1053 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
• 1119 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
• 1207 – Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231)
• 1482 – Andrzej Krzycki, Polish archbishop (d. 1537)
• 1528 – Archduchess Anna of Austria (d. 1590)
• 1540 – John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary (d. 1571)^[6]
• 1585 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English courtier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland (d. 1646)
• 1588 – Wolrad IV, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (d. 1640)^[7]

1601–1900[edit]

• 1616 – John Leverett, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1679)
• 1752 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French merchant, invented the Jacquard loom (d. 1834)
• 1766 – Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (d. 1815)
• 1831 – Jane Elizabeth Conklin, American poet and religious writer (d. 1914)
• 1833 – Félicien Rops, Belgian painter and illustrator (d. 1898)
• 1843 – Camillo Golgi, Italian physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
• 1846 – Heinrich Rosenthal, Estonian physician and author (d. 1916)
• 1848 – Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian politician, 5th President of Brazil (d. 1919)
• 1851 – Charles Albert Tindley, American minister and composer (d. 1933)
• 1855 – Ludwig Ganghofer, German author and playwright (d. 1920)
• 1859 – Rettamalai Srinivasan, Indian politician (d. 1945)
• 1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1911)
• 1861 – Nettie Stevens, American geneticist (d. 1912)^[8]
• 1869 – Rachel Caroline Eaton, American academic (d. 1938)
• 1869 – Fernande Sadler, French painter and mayor (d. 1949)^[9]
• 1874 – Erwin Bumke, German lawyer and jurist (d. 1945)
• 1880 – Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer, invented sliced bread (d. 1960)
• 1882 – Yanka Kupala, Belarusian poet and writer (d. 1941)
• 1883 – Toivo Kuula, Finnish conductor and composer (d. 1918)
• 1884 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German author and playwright (d. 1958)
• 1891 – Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general and poet (d. 1945)
• 1891 – Virginia Rappe, American model and actress (d. 1921)
• 1893 – Herbert Feis, American historian and author (d. 1972)
• 1893 – Miroslav Krleža, Croatian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1981)
• 1898 – Arnold Horween, American football player and coach (d. 1985)
• 1899 – George Cukor, American director and producer (d. 1983)
• 1900 – Maria Bard, German stage and silent film actress (d. 1944)
• 1900 – Earle E. Partridge, American general (d. 1990)

1901–present[edit]

• 1901 – Sam Katzman, American director and producer (d. 1973)
• 1901 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian actor and director (d. 1974)
• 1901 – Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese cinematographer and producer (d. 1970)
• 1902 – Ted Radcliffe, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005)
• 1904 – Simone Beck, French chef and author (d. 1991)
• 1905 – Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin, French mathematician (d. 1972)
• 1906 – William Feller, Croatian-American mathematician and academic (d. 1970)
• 1906 – Anton Karas, Austrian zither player and composer (d. 1985)
• 1906 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player and coach (d. 1982)
• 1907 – Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (d. 1988)^[10]
• 1908 – Revilo P. Oliver, American author and academic (d. 1994)
• 1909 – Gottfried von Cramm, German tennis player (d. 1976)
• 1910 – Doris McCarthy, Canadian painter and author (d. 2010)
• 1911 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-American composer (d. 2007)
• 1913 – Pinetop Perkins, American singer and pianist (d. 2011)
• 1915 – Margaret Walker, American novelist and poet (d. 1998)
• 1917 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández, Salvadoran general and politician, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
• 1917 – Iva Withers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2014)
• 1918 – Bob Vanatta, American head basketball coach (d. 2016)
• 1918 – Jing Shuping, Chinese businessman (d. 2009)
• 1919 – Jon Pertwee, English actor (d. 1996)
• 1921 – Ezzard Charles, American boxer (d. 1975)
• 1921 – Adolf von Thadden, German lieutenant and politician (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Alan Armer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
• 1922 – James D. Hughes, American Air Force lieutenant general (d. 2024)
• 1923 – Liviu Ciulei, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Whitney North Seymour Jr., American politician (d. 2019)
• 1923 – Eduardo Falú, Argentinian guitarist and composer (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Natalia Bekhtereva, Russian neuroscientist and psychologist (d. 2008)
• 1924 – Mary Ford, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
• 1924 – Karim Olowu, Nigerian sprinter and long jumper (d. 2019)
• 1924 – Eddie Romero, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Geliy Korzhev, Russian painter (d. 2012)^[11]
• 1925 – Wally Phillips, American radio host (d. 2008)
• 1926 – Nuon Chea, Cambodian politician (d. 2019)
• 1926 – Anand Mohan Zutshi Gulzar Dehlvi, Urdu poet (d. 2020)
• 1927 – Alan J. Dixon, American lawyer and politician, 34th Illinois Secretary of State (d. 2014)
• 1927 – Charlie Louvin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Doc Severinsen, American trumpet player and conductor
• 1928 – Patricia Hitchcock, English actress (d. 2021)
• 1928 – Kapelwa Sikota Zambian nurse and health official (d. 2006)^[12]
• 1929 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (d. 2005)
• 1929 – Sergio Romano, Italian writer, journalist, and historian
• 1930 – Hamish MacInnes, Scottish mountaineer and author (d. 2020)
• 1930 – Theodore Edgar McCarrick, American cardinal
• 1930 – Hank Mobley, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1986)
• 1930 – Biljana Plavšić, 2nd President of Republika Srpska^[13]
• 1931 – David Eddings, American author and academic (d. 2009)
• 1932 – T. J. Bass, American physician and author (d. 2011)
• 1932 – Joe Zawinul, Austrian jazz keyboardist and composer (d. 2007)
• 1933 – David McCullough, American historian and author (d. 2022)
• 1934 – Robert McNeill Alexander, British zoologist (d. 2016)
• 1935 – Gian Carlo Michelini, Italian-Taiwanese Roman Catholic priest^[14]
• 1936 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Jo Siffert, Swiss race car driver (d. 1971)
• 1936 – Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1937 – Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong businessman and politician, 1st Chief Executive of Hong Kong
• 1938 – James Montgomery Boice, American pastor and theologian (d. 2000)
• 1939 – Elena Obraztsova, Russian soprano and actress (d. 2015)
• 1940 – Ringo Starr, English singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor
• 1941 – Marco Bollesan, Italian rugby player and coach (d. 2021)
• 1941 – Michael Howard, Welsh lawyer and politician
• 1941 – John Fru Ndi, Cameroonian politician (d. 2023)
• 1941 – Bill Oddie, English comedian, actor, and singer
• 1941 – Jim Rodford, English bass player (d. 2018)
• 1942 – Carmen Duncan, Australian actress (d. 2019)
• 1943 – Joel Siegel, American journalist and critic (d. 2007)
• 1944 – Tony Jacklin, English golfer and sportscaster
• 1944 – Glenys Kinnock, English educator and politician (d. 2023)
• 1944 – Feleti Sevele, Tongan politician; Prime Minister of Tonga
• 1944 – Emanuel Steward, American boxer and trainer (d. 2012)
• 1944 – Ian Wilmut, English-Scottish embryologist and academic (d. 2023)
• 1945 – Michael Ancram, English lawyer and politician
• 1945 – Adele Goldberg, American computer scientist and academic
• 1945 – Helô Pinheiro, inspiration for the song "The Girl from Ipanema"
• 1947 – Gyanendra, King of Nepal
• 1947 – Howard Rheingold, American author and critic
• 1949 – Shelley Duvall, American actress, writer, and producer
• 1954 – Simon Anderson, Australian surfer
• 1955 – Len Barker, American baseball player and coach
• 1957 – Jonathan Dayton, American director and producer
• 1957 – Berry Sakharof, Turkish-Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1958 – Alexander Svinin, Russian figure skater and coach
• 1959 – Billy Campbell, American actor
• 1960 – Kevin A. Ford, American colonel and astronaut
• 1960 – Ralph Sampson, American basketball player and coach
• 1963 – Vonda Shepard, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1964 – Dominik Henzel, Czech-Swedish actor and comedian
• 1965 – Mo Collins, American actress, comedian and screenwriter
• 1965 – Jeremy Kyle, English talk show host^[15]
• 1966 – Jim Gaffigan, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1967 – Tom Kristensen, Danish race car driver
• 1968 – Jorja Fox, American actress
• 1969 – Sylke Otto, German luger
• 1969 – Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Cree Summer, American-Canadian actress
• 1970 – Wayne McCullough, Northern Irish boxer
• 1970 – Min Patel, Indian-English cricketer
• 1970 – Erik Zabel, German cyclist and coach
• 1971 – Christian Camargo, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1972 – Lisa Leslie, American basketball player and actress
• 1972 – Manfred Stohl, Austrian race car driver
• 1972 – Kirsten Vangsness, American actress and writer
• 1973 – José Jiménez, Dominican baseball player
• 1973 – Kārlis Skrastiņš, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
• 1974 – Patrick Lalime, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1975 – Tony Benshoof, American luger
• 1975 – Louis Koen, South African rugby player
• 1975 – Adam Nelson, American shot putter
• 1976 – Bérénice Bejo, Argentinian-French actress
• 1976 – Dominic Foley, Irish footballer
• 1976 – Ercüment Olgundeniz, Turkish discus thrower and shot putter
• 1976 – Vasily Petrenko, Russian conductor
• 1978 – Chris Andersen, American basketball player
• 1978 – Davor Kraljević, Croatian footballer
• 1979 – Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad Arbaysh, Saudi Arabian terrorist (d. 2015)^[16]
• 1979 – Anastasios Gousis, Greek sprinter
• 1979 – Douglas Hondo, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1980 – John Buck, American baseball player
• 1980 – Serdar Kulbilge, Turkish footballer
• 1980 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
• 1981 – Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
• 1981 – Synyster Gates, American guitarist^[17]
• 1982 – Jan Laštůvka, Czech footballer
• 1982 – George Owu, Ghanaian footballer
• 1982 – Asia O'Hara, American drag performer^[18]
• 1983 – Justin Davies, Australian footballer
• 1984 – Minas Alozidis, Greek hurdler
• 1984 – Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Mohammad Ashraful, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1985 – Marc Stein, German footballer
• 1986 – Ana Kasparian, American journalist and producer
• 1986 – Udo Schwarz, German rugby player
• 1986 – Sevyn Streeter, American singer-songwriter^[19]
• 1988 – Kaci Brown, American singer-songwriter
• 1988 – Lukas Rosenthal, German rugby player
• 1989 – Landon Cassill, American race car driver
• 1989 – Miina Kallas, Estonian footballer
• 1989 – Karl-August Tiirmaa, Estonian skier
• 1990 – Lee Addy, Ghanaian footballer
• 1990 – Pascal Stöger, Austrian footballer
• 1991 – Alesso, Swedish DJ, record producer and musician ^[20]
• 1992 – Ellina Anissimova, Estonian hammer thrower
• 1992 – Dominik Furman, Polish footballer
• 1994 – Nigina Abduraimova, Uzbekistani tennis player^[21]
• 1994 – Timothy Cathcart, Northern Irish race car driver (d. 2014)
• 1997 – Mizuho Habu, Japanese idol^[22]
• 1997 – James Marriott, English musician and online content creator^[23]
• 1999 – Moussa Diaby, French footballer^[24]

Deaths[edit]

Pre-1600[edit]

• 984 – Crescentius the Elder, Italian politician and aristocrat
• 1021 – Fujiwara no Akimitsu, Japanese bureaucrat (b. 944)
• 1162 – Haakon II Sigurdsson, king of Norway (b. 1147)
• 1285 – Tile Kolup, German impostor claiming to be Frederick II
• 1304 – Benedict XI, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1240)
• 1307 – Edward I, king of England (b. 1239)
• 1345 – Momchil, Bulgarian brigand and ruler
• 1531 – Tilman Riemenschneider, German sculptor (b. 1460)
• 1568 – William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1508)
• 1572 – Sigismund II Augustus, Polish king (b. 1520)
• 1573 – Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect, designed the Church of the Gesù and Villa Farnese (b. 1507)
• 1593 – Mohammed Bagayogo, Malian scholar and academic (b. 1523)
• 1600 – Thomas Lucy, English politician (b. 1532)

1601–1900[edit]

• 1607 – Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (b. 1563)
• 1647 – Thomas Hooker, English minister, founded the Colony of Connecticut (b. 1586)
• 1701 – William Stoughton, American judge and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1631)
• 1713 – Henry Compton, English bishop (b. 1632)
• 1718 – Alexei Petrovich, Russian tsarevich (b. 1690)
• 1730 – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate (b. 1690)
• 1758 – Marthanda Varma, Raja of Attingal (b. 1706)^[25]
• 1764 – William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician, Secretary at War (b. 1683)
• 1776 – Jeremiah Markland, English scholar and academic (b. 1693)
• 1790 – François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher and author (b. 1721)
• 1816 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and poet (b. 1751)
• 1863 – William Mulready, Irish genre painter (b. 1786)
• 1865 – George Atzerodt (b. 1833)
• 1865 – David Herold (b. 1842)
• 1865 – Lewis Payne (b. 1844)
• 1865 – Mary Surratt (b. 1823)
• 1890 – Henri Nestlé, German businessman, founded Nestlé (b. 1814)

1901–present[edit]

• 1901 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (b. 1827)
• 1913 – Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Spain (b. 1841)
• 1922 – Cathal Brugha, Irish revolutionary and politician, active in the Easter Rising, Irish War of Independence; first Ceann Comhairle and first President of Dáil Éireann (b. 1874)
• 1925 – Clarence Hudson White, American photographer and educator (b. 1871)
• 1927 – Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician and academic (b. 1846)
• 1930 – Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer (b. 1859)
• 1932 – Alexander Grin, Russian author (b. 1880)
• 1932 – Henry Eyster Jacobs, American theologian and educator (b. 1844)
• 1939 – Deacon White, American baseball player and manager (b. 1847)
• 1950 – Fats Navarro, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1923)
• 1955 – Ali Naci Karacan, Turkish journalist and publisher (b. 1896)
• 1956 – Gottfried Benn, German author and poet (b. 1886)
• 1960 – Francis Browne, Irish priest and photographer (b. 1880)
• 1964 – Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower and shot putter (b. 1904)
• 1965 – Moshe Sharett, Ukrainian-Israeli lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
• 1968 – Jo Schlesser, French race car driver (b. 1928)
• 1970 – Dame Laura Knight, English artist (b. 1877)^[26]
• 1971 – Claude Gauvreau, Canadian poet and playwright (b. 1925)
• 1972 – Athenagoras I of Constantinople (b. 1886)
• 1973 – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
• 1973 – Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1922)
• 1978 – Francisco Mendes, Guinea-Bissau lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1933)
• 1980 – Dore Schary, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1905)
• 1982 – Bon Maharaja, Indian guru and religious writer (b. 1901)
• 1984 – George Oppen, American poet and author (b. 1908)
• 1987 – Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch-French pianist (b. 1902)
• 1990 – Bill Cullen, American television panelist and game show host (b. 1920)
• 1990 – Cazuza, Brazilian singer and songwriter (b. 1958)
• 1993 – Rıfat Ilgaz, Turkish author, poet, and educator (b. 1911)
• 1993 – Mia Zapata, American singer (b. 1965)^[27]
• 1994 – Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (b. 1924)
• 1994 – Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German general (b. 1907)
• 1998 – Moshood Abiola, Nigerian businessman and politician (b. 1937)
• 1999 – Vikram Batra, Param Vir Chakra, Indian Army personnel (b. 1974)
• 1999 – Julie Campbell Tatham, American author (b. 1908)
• 2000 – Kenny Irwin Jr., American race car driver (b. 1969)
• 2001 – Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1936)
• 2003 – Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian trumpet player and conductor (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Syd Barrett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor (b. 1911)
• 2006 – John Money, New Zealand-American psychologist and author (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Anne McLaren, British scientist (b. 1927)^[28]
• 2007 – Donald Michie, British scientist (b. 1923)^[28]
• 2008 – Bruce Conner, American sculptor, painter, and photographer (b. 1933)
• 2008 – Dorian Leigh, American model (b. 1917)
• 2011 – Allan W. Eckert, American historian and author (b. 1931)
• 2011 – Dick Williams, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Dennis Flemion, American drummer (b. 1955)
• 2012 – Ronaldo Cunha Lima, Brazilian poet and politician (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Doris Neal, American baseball player (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Jerry Norman, American sinologist and linguist (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Leon Schlumpf, Swiss politician (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Artur Hajzer, Polish mountaineer (b. 1962)
• 2013 – Robert Hamerton-Kelly, South African-American pastor, theologian, and author (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Donald J. Irwin, American lawyer and politician, 32nd Mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Ben Pucci, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Eduard Shevardnadze, Georgian general and politician, 2nd President of Georgia (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Peter Underwood, Australian lawyer and politician, 27th Governor of Tasmania (b. 1937)
• 2015 – Maria Barroso, Portuguese actress and politician (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Bob MacKinnon, American basketball player and coach (b. 1927)
• 2021 – Robert Downey Sr., American actor and director. Father of Robert Downey Jr. (b. 1936)^[29]
• 2021 – Dilip Kumar, Indian film actor (b. 1922)^[30]
• 2021 – Jovenel Moïse, Haitian entrepreneur and politician, President of Haiti (b. 1968)^[31]

Holidays and observances[edit]

• Christian feast day:
  • Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
  • Felix of Nantes
  • Illidius
  • Job of Manyava (Ukrainian Orthodox Church)
  • Blesseds Józef and Wiktoria Ulma with seven children (Catholic Church)^[32]
  • Willibald (Catholic Church)
  • July 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Solomon Islands from the United Kingdom in 1978.
• Ivan Kupala Day (Belarus, Poland, Russia, Ukraine)
• Saba Saba Day (Tanzania)
• Tanabata (Japan)
• World Chocolate Day

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to July 7.

• "On This Day". BBC.
• The New York Times: On This Day
• "Historical Events on July 7". OnThisDay.com.