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Amastatin

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Amastatin
Clinical data

ATC code	None
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-3-Amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]butanedioic acid
CAS Number	67655-94-1
PubChem CID	439518
ChemSpider	388612
KEGG	C01552
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID10987015
ECHA InfoCard	100.131.532
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₂₁H₃₈N₄O₈
Molar mass	474.555 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CC(C)CC(C(C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)O)N
InChI InChI=1S/C21H38N4O8/c1-9(2)7-12(22)17(28)20(31)25-16(11(5)6)19(30)24-15(10(3)4)18(29)23-13(21(32)33)8-14(26)27/h9-13,15-17,28H,7-8,22H2,1-6H3,(H,23,29)(H,24,30)(H,25,31)(H,26,27)(H,32,33)/t12-,13+,15+,16+,17+/m1/s1 Key:QFAADIRHLBXJJS-ZAZJUGBXSA-N

Amastatin, also known as 3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-L-aspartic acid, is a naturally occurring, competitive and reversible aminopeptidase inhibitor that was isolated from Streptomyces sp. ME 98-M3.^[1] It specifically inhibits leucyl aminopeptidase, alanyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase M/N), bacterial leucyl aminopeptidase (Aeromonas proteolytica aminopeptidase), leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase (oxytocinase/vasopressinase),^[2] and, to a lesser extent, glutamyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase A),^[3] as well as other aminopeptidases.^[4] It does not inhibit arginyl aminopeptidase (aminopeptidase B).^[5]^[6] Amastatin has been found to potentiate the central nervous system effects of oxytocin and vasopressin in vivo.^[7] It also inhibits the degradation of met-enkephalin, dynorphin A, and other endogenous peptides.^[8]

References

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^ Buckingham J (2 December 1993). "Amastatins". Dictionary of Natural Products. CRC Press. pp. 197–. ISBN 978-0-412-46620-5.

^ Nakanishi Y, Nomura S, Okada M, Ito T, Katsumata Y, Kikkawa F, et al. (September 2000). "Immunoaffinity purification and characterization of native placental leucine aminopeptidase/oxytocinase from human placenta". Placenta. 21 (7): 628–634. doi:10.1053/plac.2000.0564. PMID 10985965.

^ Schloss JV (31 July 1989). "Modern Aspects of Enzyme Inhibition with Particular Emphasis on Reaction-Intermediate Analogs and Other Potent, Reversible Inhibitors". In Boger P, Sandmann G (eds.). Target Sites of Herbicide Action. CRC Press. pp. 203–. ISBN 978-0-8493-4985-0.

^ Scott T, Mercer EI (1997). Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 35–. ISBN 978-3-11-014535-9.

^ Umezawa H (9 May 2014). Small Molecular Immunomodifiers of Microbial Origin: Fundamental and Clinical Studies of Bestatin. Elsevier Science. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-4831-9033-4.

^ Drey CN (6 December 2012). "Beta and Higher Homologous Amino Acids". In Barrett G (ed.). Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 28–. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4832-7_3. ISBN 978-94-009-4832-7.

^ Meisenberg G, Simmons WH (1984). "Amastatin potentiates the behavioral effects of vasopressin and oxytocin in mice". Peptides. 5 (3): 535–539. doi:10.1016/0196-9781(84)90083-4. PMID 6540873. S2CID 3881661.

^ Oka T, Hiranuma T, Liu XF, Ohgiya N, Iwao K, Matsumiya T (April 1993). "[Enkephalin-inactivating enzymes]". Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica (in Japanese). 101 (4): 197–207. doi:10.1254/fpj.101.4_197. PMID 8390390.