Dr. Bibi Ameenah Firdaus Gurib-Fakim (Mauritian Creole pronunciation:[bibiaminafiːədosɡəʁibfakim]) GCSK[1][2] (born 17 October 1959)[3] is a Mauritian politician and biodiversity scientist who served as the sixth president of Mauritius from 2015 to 2018. In December 2014, she was selected to be the presidential candidate of the Alliance Lepep. After Kailash Purryag resigned on 29 May 2015, both Prime Minister Sir Anerood Jugnauth and Leader of the Opposition Paul Berenger positively welcomed her nomination, which was unanimously approved in a vote in the National Assembly.[4]
Gurib-Fakim is the first woman elected as president of the country and is the third woman to have served as Head of State following Queen Elizabeth II and Monique Ohsan Bellepeau, who preceded her in this office and was her first Vice President. She served as a 2019 keynote speaker of Cambridge University's conference "Africa Together: Which Way Forward?" hosted by the African Society of Cambridge University.[5]
Bibi Ameenah Firdaus Gurib-Fakim was born in the village of Surinam on 17 October 1959, to parents Hassenjee Gurib and Firdaus Durgauhee. She grew up in Plaine Magnien and completed her studies at the primary school in Saint-Patrice. She then moved to Mahébourg Loreto Convent, finishing her Higher School Certificate at Loreto Convent Quatre Bornes before flying to England for her undergraduate degree in chemistry. She graduated from the University of Surrey in 1983 with a BSc degree in chemistry. After obtaining her PhD degree in organic chemistryatExeter University, she returned home in 1987 to take employment at the University of Mauritius.[6]
She worked as Managing Director of CIDP Research & Innovation (formerly Cephyr, Centre for Phytotherapy Research).[7] Previously, she was a Professor with a personal chair in Organic Chemistry at the University of Mauritius (2001) and where she served successively as Dean of the Faculty of Science and Pro–Vice Chancellor (2004–2010). She also worked at the Mauritius Research Council as Manager for Research (1995–1997).[8] She served as the Chairperson the International Council for Scientific Union – Regional Office for Africa (2011–2014).[9]
In 2015, her nomination for the Presidency of Mauritius, put forward by then-PM and fellow Militant Socialist Movement member Anerood Jugnauth, was unanimously approved by the Mauritian National Assembly. She resigned in 2018 amid a financial scandal during the prime ministership of Pravind Jugnauth. The office of president remained vacant until December 2019, when Prithvirajsing Roopun took office. In the meantime, Vice President Barlen Vyapoory functioned as acting president.
In December 2013 Gurib-Fakim made a complaint to the Mauritian Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) alleging religious discrimination in the consideration of her application for Vice Chancellor of the University of Mauritius (UoM). The EOC investigation found that this was not the case, but noted shortcomings in the selection process. The report cited the lack of clear criteria and mark sheets for evaluating candidates. Similarly, the last word went to Professor Jugessur, then president of the Council of the UoM if tiebreak.[10]
Gurib-Fakim eventually left her position as Professor at the University to open her own science centre known as CIDP Research & Innovation where she is the Managing Director.[citation needed]
In 1988, she married Dr. Anwar Fakim who is a surgeon.[11] They have two children; a son (Adam, born in 1992 and studied at the University of Kent) and a daughter (Imaan, who studied Computer Science).[12]
Soon after her appointment as President the former Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam raised concerns about the PhD qualifications of Ameenah Gurib-Fakim. Ramgoolam reiterated his earlier concerns when the Platinum Card Scandal came to light.[13][14][clarification needed]
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim officially resigned from the position of President of Mauritius on 23 March 2018 after the 50th anniversary of independence celebrations when L'Express newspapers leaked her bank details, although she had refunded the expenditures one year before the leak.[15][16] This resignation was mainly due to conflicts on interest and allegations arising from her involvement as Vice-Chairperson of the Charitable Organisation Planet Earth Institute (PEI), private expenditures on a credit card[17] and business trips financed by PEI and approved by the Govt. of Mauritius, given the involvement of PEI's controversial founder and businessman Álvaro Sobrinho.[18][19] Ameenah Gurib Fakim also requested that the Financial Services Commission (FSC) issue a banking license to Álvaro Sobrinho, as Chairperson of PEI to host the PASET Funds.[20][21][22]
In June 2018 the Government of Mauritius instigated a Commission of Inquiry on violation of the Constitution and other laws by former President Ameenah Gurib-Fakim, led by Judge Asraf Ally Caunhye.[23] Before resigning from office in 2018, and without consulting the Cabinet of Mauritius, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim had nominated Sir Hamid Moollan to preside an ill-fated Commission of Inquiry on Álvaro Sobrinho's activities.[24] Despite numerous hearings over a period of nearly 3 years the inquiry has not been completed.[25][26]
Gurib-Fakim has also been the recipient of various international awards including the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science (2007), Laureate for the National Economic and Social Council (2007), the CTA / NEPAD / AGRA / RUFORUM for ‘African Women in Science’ and the African Union Award for Women in Science.[8] She was also made Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (CSK) by President Anerood Jugnauth in 2008 for her contribution to the education and the scientific sector. She was awarded the Order of the ‘Chevalier de l’Ordre des Palmes Academiques’ by the Government of France in 2009.[30] Upon becoming President, she was automatically elevated to the highest civilian award of Grand Commander of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean (GSCK).
United Kingdom: In 2024, Ameenah Gurib-Fakim won and accepted the International Women of the Year Award at EPG's 16th Annual Political & Public Life Awards at the House of Commons.[32]
Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, Z.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Mahomoodally, F. (2015). "Antimicrobial, antibiotic potentiating activity and phytochemical profile of essential oils from exotic and endemic medicinal plants of Mauritius". Industrial Crops and Products. 71: 197–204. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.058.
Seebaluck, R.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Mahomoodally, F. (2015). "Medicinal plants from the genus Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae)–A review of their ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 159: 137–157. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.040. PMID25446604.
ElSawy, N. A.; Hadda, T. B.; Bakr, E. H.; Header, E.A.M.; Fakim, A. G.; Mabkhot, Y. N.; Aljofan, M. (2014). "Effects of Crude Aqueous Extract of Origanum vulgaris in Developing Ovary of Rabbits Following in Utero, Adolescent and Postpubertal Exposure". Vedic Research International Phytomedicine. 2 (3): 73. doi:10.14259/pm.v2i3.142. S2CID87230446.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Mahomoodally, M. F. (2013). "African Flora as Potential Sources of Medicinal Plants : Towards the Chemotherapy of Major Parasitic and Other Infectious Diseases : A Review". Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. 6 (2): 77–84. doi:10.12816/0000263.
Leyssen, P.; Litaudon, M.; Guillemot, J.; Rasoanaivo, P.; Smadja, J.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Canard, B.; Guéritte, F. (2011). "PHYTOCHIK: Biodiversity As A Source of Selective Inhibitors of CHIKV Replication". Antiviral Research. 90 (2): A36–A37. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.03.048.
Mahomoodally, M. F.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Subratty, A. H. (2010). "Screening for Alternative Antibiotics: An Investigation into the Antimicrobial Activities of Medicinal Food Plants of Mauritius". Journal of Food Science. 75 (3): M173–M177. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01555.x. PMID20492307.
Mahomoodally, M. F.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Subratty, A. H. "Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Profiles of Endemic Medicinal Plants of Mauritius". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Jelager, L.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Adsersen, A. (1998). "Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Medicinal Plants of Mauritius". Pharmaceutical Biology. 36 (3): 153–161. doi:10.1076/phbi.36.3.153.6345.
Dutta, A.; Sarkar, D.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Mandal, C.; Chatterjee, M. (2008). "In vitro and in vivo activity of Aloe vera leaf exudate in experimental visceral leishmaniasis". Parasitology Research. 102 (6): 1235–1242. doi:10.1007/s00436-008-0899-2. PMID18266009. S2CID22268593.
Mahomoodally, M. F.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Subratty, A. H. (2007). "Effect of exogenous ATP on Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) induced inhibition of D-glucose, L-tyrosine and fluid transport across rat everted intestinal sacs in vitro". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 110 (2): 257–263. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.020. PMID17092672.
Rangasamy, O.; Raoelison, G.; Rakotoniriana, F. E.; Cheuk, K.; Urverg-Ratsimamanga, S.; Quetin-Leclercq, J.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Subratty, A. H. (2007). "Screening for anti-infective properties of several medicinal plants of the Mauritians flora". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 109 (2): 331–337. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.002. PMID17011733.
Marie, D.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Gray, A.; Waterman, P. (2006). "Constituents of Psiadia terebinthina AJ Scott, an endemic Asteraceae from Mauritius". Natural Product Research. 20 (13): 1169–1175. doi:10.1080/14786410600898847. PMID17127504. S2CID20645650.
Gurib-Fakim, A. (2006). "Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow". Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 27 (1): 1–93. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.008. PMID16105678.
Kotowaroo, M. I.; Mahomoodally, M. F.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Subratty, A. H. (2006). "Screening of traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of Mauritius for possible alpha-amylase inhibitory effects in vitro". Phytotherapy Research. 20 (3): 228–231. doi:10.1002/ptr.1839. PMID16521114. S2CID24533376.
Mahomoodally, M. F; Gurib Fakim, A.; Subratty, A. H. (2006). "Stimulatory effects of Antidesma madagascariense on D-glucose, L-tyrosine, fluid and electrolyte transport across rat everted intestine, comparable to insulin action in vitro". British Journal of Biomedical Science. 63 (1): 12–7. doi:10.1080/09674845.2006.11732713. PMID16613135. S2CID35440564.
Subratty, A. H.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Mahomoodally, F. (2005). "Bitter melon: an exotic vegetable with medicinal values". Nutrition & Food Science. 35 (3): 143–147. doi:10.1108/00346650510594886.
Mahomoodally, M. F.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Subratty., A. H. (2005). "Experimental evidence for in vitro fluid transport in the presence of a traditional medicinal fruit extract across rat everted intestinal sacs". Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology. 19 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2004.00311.x. PMID15660964. S2CID23758447.
Besse, P.; DaSilva, D.; Humeau, L.; Govinden-Soulange, J.; Gurib-Fakim, A.; Kodja, H. (2003). "A genetic diversity study of endangered Psiadia species endemic from Mauritius Island using PCR markers". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 31 (12): 1427–1445. Bibcode:2003BioSE..31.1427B. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00131-5.
Gurib-Fakim, A. (1996). "Volatile Constituents of the Leaf Oil of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte and Ambrosia tenuifolia Sprengel (Syn.: Artemisia psilostachya auct. non L.)". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 8 (5): 559–561. doi:10.1080/10412905.1996.9700689.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Sewraj, M.; J., Gueho; Dulloo, E. (1996). "Medicinal Plants of Rodrigues". Pharmaceutical Biology. 34: 2–14. doi:10.1076/phbi.34.1.2.13177.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Bourrel, C.; H., Kodja; Govinden, J. (1995). "Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Psiadia lithospermifolia (Lam.) Cordem. and P. viscosa (Lam.) A. J. Scott of the Asteraceae Family". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 7 (5): 533–535. doi:10.1080/10412905.1995.9698579.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Sewraj, M.; F., Narod; Menut, C. (1995). "Aromatic Plants of Mauritius: Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oils of Coleus aromaticus Benth., Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) and Eucalyptus kirtoniana F. Muell". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 7 (2): 215–218. doi:10.1080/10412905.1995.9698504.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Demarne, F. (1994). "Constituents of the Essential Oil of the Leaves of Pittosporum balfourii Growing in Rodrigues". Planta Medica. 60 (6): 584–585. doi:10.1055/s-2006-959581. PMID17236088. S2CID260251041.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Demarne, F. (1995). "Aromatic Plants of Mauritius: Volatile Constituents of the Leaf Oils of Citrus aurantium L., Citrus paradisi Macfad and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 7: 105–109. doi:10.1080/10412905.1995.9698477.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Demarne, F. (1994). "Volatile Constituents of Dracaena reflexa Lam. var. angustifolia Baker". Planta Medica. 6 (6): 651–652. doi:10.1080/10412905.1994.9699363.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Demarne, F. (1994). "Essential Oil of Terminalia bentzoë (L.) L. f. subsp. rodriguesensis Wickens". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 6 (5): 533–534. doi:10.1080/10412905.1994.9698443.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Sewraj, M.; Gueho, J.; Dulloo, E. (1993). "Studies on the Antisickling Properties of Extracts of Sideroxylon puberulum, Faujasiopsis flexuosa, Cardiospermum halicacabum , and Pelargonium graveolens". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 39 (3): 175–185. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(93)90034-3. PMID8258975.
Gurib-Fakim, A.; Sewraj, M. (1992). "Studies on the Antisickling Properties of Extracts of Sideroxylon puberulum, Faujasiopsis flexuosa, Cardiospermum halicacabum , and Pelargonium graveolens". Planta Medica. 58: 648–649. doi:10.1055/s-2006-961657. S2CID260250962.
^ ab"Archived copy"(PDF). www.icsu.org. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Mauritius
France: Member of the Order of Academic Palms, 3rd Class[27][28] (national order)
Castroan Royal Family of Two Sicilies: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Francis I[29] (dynastic order)
Jordan: Fellow of the Jordanian Islamic Academy of Science[27]
Nigeria: Fellow of the African Institute of Science and Technology[27]
UNESCO: Laureate of the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science for Africa[27]
United Kingdom: Elected Fellow of the Linnean Society of London (2007)[27]
Politics
