| Camp Ibis | |
|---|---|
Camp Ibis in 1943
| |
| Location | near Needles, California |
| Coordinates | 34°58′10″N 114°49′59″W / 34.96955°N 114.833°W / 34.96955; -114.833 |
| Built | 1942 |
| Architect | US Army |
| Designated | May 1, 1987 |
| Reference no. | 985.5 |
  Location of Camp Ibis in California | |
Camp Ibis was one of twelve divisional tent camps of the US Army Desert Training Center (DTC) which was established in early 1942 during World War II, originally to advance desert tank warfare and to train troops for desert combat.[1] The DTC was located in the Mojave Desert and Sonoran Desert, largely in Southern California and Western Arizona. In October 1943, the DTC was redesignated as the California-Arizona Maneuver Area (C-AMA). The headquarters for the Desert Training Center was Camp Young where General Patton's 3rd Armored Division was stationed. Camp Ibis was designated a California Historic Landmark (No. 985.6). The site of the Camp Ibis 8 miles (13 km) East of Needles, California off Highway 95, north of Interstate 40inSan Bernardino County, California. The camp was originally named after the Ibis railroad sidinginPiute Valley. The camp was located at the west side of the Dead Mountains Wilderness.
Camp Ibis was constructed between November 8, 1942, and March 28, 1943, to help support troops training to fight in the North Africa campaign during the war. Major units trained at Camp Ibis included the 4th Armored Division (under MG John Shirley Wood) from November to June 1943, followed by the 9th U.S. Armored Division (under MG John W. Leonard) from July to October, 1943. When completed the camp had 42 shower buildings, 173 latrines, 234 wooden tent frames, and a 50,000-gallon water tank tower. Camp Ibis had 24 training ranges. It closed on 16 March 1944. The army used live-fire exercises and warning signs are still on the site.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Three US Army armored divisions trained at Camp Ibis:[8]
Patton established five major airfields with landing strips near each camp to bring in supplies.[9] Camp Ibis Airfield was an air strip located on the west side of Camp Ibis to support training activities there. Its 4,500 foot runway was made of steel landing mats running north–south, parallel to Highway 95 on its west side. Small planes were used to watch the desert survival training, gunnery practices, and tank tactics training. Aircraft were also used to coordinate tanks and other armored vehicles from the air.[10]
A California Historical Landmark sign on Highway 95 at the site reads:[11]
NO. 985 DESERT TRAINING CENTER, CALIFORNIA–ARIZONA MANEUVER AREA (ESTABLISHED BY MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE S. PATTON, JR.) – CAMP IBIS – Camp Ibis was established at this site in the Spring of 1942 – one of eleven such camps built in the California–Arizona Desert to harden and train United States Troops for service on the battlefields of World War II. The 440th AAA AW Battalion was activated per General Order No. 1 at Camp Haan, CA on July 1, 1942. It trained at Camp M.A.A.R. (Irwin), Camps Young, Iron Mountain, Ibis, and then Camps Pickett, VA and Steward, GA. The battalion shipped out to England in December 1943 and landed in Normandy on D-3. The unit earned 5 Battle Stars and 2 Foreign Awards while serving with the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 9th U.S. Armies, the 1st French Army and the 2nd British Army, 7 different corps and 5 different divisions. The 440th AAA AW BN was deactivated in December 1944.
