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This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: Ten subjects have been replaced in June 2020.[1]. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2020)
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The Canon of the Netherlands (Dutch: Canon van Nederland; also known as the Canon of Dutch History) is a list of fifty topics that aims to provide a chronological summaryofDutch history to be taught in primary schools and the first two years of secondary school in the Netherlands.[2][3] The fifty topics are divided into fourteen sections.
The Canon of Dutch History was prepared by a committee headed by Frits van Oostrom and presented to the Minister of Education, Culture and Science, Maria van der Hoeven, on 16 October 2006.
A revised version was presented to the Dutch government on 3 October 2007 and in October 2008 it was agreed to include the canon in the school curriculum by 1 August 2009. An updated version was presented in June 2020, with ten topics replaced, parts rewritten and other modifications made to make the canon more diverse and accessible.[4][5]
The canon was designed to provide an overview of "what everyone ought to know, at the very least, about the history and culture of the Netherlands", as well as providing a framework for the teaching of History in Dutch schools.[6] Schools are not obliged to teach the canon, in accordance with the Freedom of education principle incorporated in the Dutch constitution (article 23) that guarantees the right of parents to have their children educated in accordance with their religious and other views.
The website entoen.nu is responsible for developing the canon for use in schools and in society in general.[7]
| Topic | Section | Date | Description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dolmens | 3 | c. 3000 BCE | Early farmers |
| 2 | The Roman limes | 2, 3 | 47 - c. 400 | On the borders of the Roman empire |
| 3 | Willibrord | 3 | 658 - 739 | Spread of Christianity |
| 4 | Charlemagne | 2 | 742 - 814 | Emperor of the Western world |
| 5 | Hebban olla vogala ... | 4 | c. 1100 | Earliest fragment of Old Dutch script |
| 6 | Floris V, Count of Holland | 6 | 1254 - 1296 | A Dutch Graaf and a discontented nobility |
| 7 | The Hanseatic League | 5 | 1356 - c. 1450 | Trading cities in the Low Countries |
| The 'Printing press' was originally at No. 8 in the first version. In the revised version it was replaced by 'Christiaan Huygens', now at No. 21 in the list. | 4 | c. 1450 | Printing Revolution | |
| 8 | Erasmus | 3 | 1466? - 1536 | An international humanist |
| 9 | Charles V | 2, 6 | 1500 - 1558 | The Low Countries as an administrative unit |
| 10 | The Beeldenstorm | 3, 6 | 1566 | Religious conflict |
| 11 | William the Silent | 6 | 1533 - 1584 | From rebellious nobleman to 'Father of the Nation' |
| 12 | The Dutch Republic | 6 | 1588 - 1795 | An exceptional federal republic |
| 13 | The Dutch East India Company | 8 | 1602 - 1799 | Expansion overseas |
| 14 | The Beemster polder | 1, 6 | 1612 | The Netherlands and water |
| 15 | The Grachtengordel | 5, 6 | 1613 - 1662 | Urban expansion in the seventeenth century |
| 16 | Hugo Grotius | 6, 7 | 1583 - 1645 | Apioneer of modern international law |
| 17 | The Statenbijbel | 3, 4 | 1637 | The Book of Books |
| 18 | Rembrandt | 7 | 1606? - 1669 | The great painters |
| 19 | The Atlas MaiorofJoan Blaeu | 7, 8 | 1662 | Mapping the world |
| 20 | Michiel de Ruyter | 7 | 1607 - 1676 | Naval heroes and Dutch naval power |
| 21 | Christiaan Huygens | 7 | 1629-1695 | Science in the Dutch Golden Age |
| 22 | Spinoza | 7 | 1632 - 1677 | Seeking the truth |
| 23 | Slavery | 8 | c. 1637 - 1863 | Trafficking and forced labour in the New World |
| 24 | Buitenplaatsen | 7, 9 | 17th and 18th century | Summer residences in the country |
| 25 | Eise Eisinga | 9 | 1744 - 1828 | The Enlightenment in the Netherlands |
| 26 | The Patriots | 9 | 1780 - 1795 | Crisis in the Republic |
| 27 | Napoleon Bonaparte | 9 | 1769 - 1821 | The Kingdom of Holland |
| 28 | William I | 9 | 1772 - 1843 | The United Kingdom of the Netherlands |
| 29 | The first railway | 10 | 1839 | The Industrial Revolution |
| 30 | The Dutch constitution | 9 | 1848 | Astate's most important law |
| 31 | Max Havelaar | 4, 8 | 1860 | Protest against colonial abuse in the Dutch East Indies |
| 32 | Opposition to child labour | 10 | 19th century | Out of factories and into schools |
| 33 | Vincent van Gogh | 10 | 1853 - 1890 | Modern art |
| 34 | Aletta Jacobs | 10, 12 | 1854 - 1929 | Emancipation of women |
| 35 | The First World War | 10, 11 | 1914 - 1918 | War and neutrality |
| 36 | De Stijl | 11 | 1917 - 1931 | Revolution in Design |
| 37 | Crisis years | 11 | 1929 - 1940 | Society in the Great Depression |
| 38 | The Second World War | 11 | 1940 - 1945 | Occupation, resistance and liberation |
| 39 | Anne Frank | 11 | 1929 - 1945 | The Holocaust in the Netherlands |
| 40 | Indonesia | 11, 13 | 1945 - 1949 | Acolony wrests itself free |
| 41 | Willem Drees | 12 | 1886 - 1988 | The welfare state |
| 42 | The watersnood | 1, 12 | 1 February 1953 | The perils of a low-lying country |
| 43 | Television | 12 | from 1948 | A breakthrough in media technologies |
| 44 | Port of Rotterdam | 12 | from c. 1880 | Gateway to the world |
| 45 | Annie M.G. Schmidt | 4, 12 | 1911 - 1995 | Going against the grain in a bourgeois society |
| 46 | Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles | 13 | from 1945 | The West decolonises |
| 47 | Srebrenica | 14 | 1995 | The dilemmas of peacekeeping |
| 48 | Veelkleurig Nederland | 13 | from 1945 | Amulticultural society |
| 49 | Natural gas | 12 | 1959 - 2030? | Adwindling resource |
| 50 | Europe | 14 | from 1945 | Netherlands and the European Union |
