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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Clausiliidae , also known by the common name door snails , is a taxonomic family of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed , air-breathing land snails , sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks .[2]
With over 1700 recognized recent and fossil species,[2] Orthalicidae ), although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae is larger.
Most species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium , which enables the snail to close off the aperture of the shell with a sliding "door".
Shell description [ edit ]
Megalophaedusa martensi
Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in gastropod shells in general.
These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired , with numerous whorls .
The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture usually has visible folds.
The clausilium [ edit ]
The clausilium of Clausilia dubia
Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that most of them have a "door" or clausilium . The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum , which does not exist at all in pulmonate gastropods.
The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.
Anatomy [ edit ]
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).[3]
Taxonomy [ edit ]
The type genus is Clausilia Draparnaud , 1805.
The family Clausiliidae is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra , itself belonging to the clade Stylommatophora within the clade Eupulmonata (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 ).[4]
2005 taxonomy [ edit ]
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 recognizes subfamilies as follows:
subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
tribe Baleini (previously the subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913) - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999
tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924
tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913
tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923
tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.)
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972
subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981[5]
subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926
tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926
tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002
subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978[6]
tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985[7]
subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923
subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962
tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930
subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
† tribe Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014
tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954
† tribe Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007
tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
† tribe Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007
tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927
tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007
subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927
Genera include:
Clausiliinae [ edit ]
Tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
Acrotoma O. Boettger, 1881 - with four subgenera: Acrotoma , Acrotomina H. Nordsieck, 1977; Bzybia H. Nordsieck, 1977 and Castelliana Suvorov, 2002
Akramowskia H. Nordsieck, 1975
Armenica O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Armenica and Astrogena Szekeres, 1970
Inobseratella Lindholm, 1924
Phrygica H. Nordsieck, 1994
Roseniella Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: Chavchetia Neubert, 1992 and Roseniella
Scrobifera O. Boettger, 1877
Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883
tribe Baleini
Alinda H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Alinda and Pseudalinda O. Boettger, 1877
Balea J. E. Gray, 1824
Bulgarica O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera Bulgarica , Pavlovicia H. Nordsieck, 1973 and Strigilecula Kennard & Woodward, 1923
Lacinaria Hartmann, 1842
Likharevia H. Nordsieck, 1975
Mentissa H. & A.Adams, 1855
Mentissella H. Nordsieck, 1973
Micropontica O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: Baleopsina Lindholm, 1924 and Micropontica
Mucronaria O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Index O. Boettger, 1877 and Mucronaria
Quadriplicata O. Boettger, 1878
Strigillaria Vest, 1867
Vestia Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: Brabenecia H. Nordsieck, 1974; Vestia and Vestiella H. Nordsieck, 1877
Tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
Boettgeria O. Boettger, 1863 - with two subgenera: Boettgeria and Loosjesiella Neubert & Groh, 1998
Macroptychia O. Boettger, 1877
Sabaeola Lindholm, 1925
tribe Clausiliini
† Canalicia O. Boettger, 1863
Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805 [8] Clausilia and Strobeliella H. Nordsieck, 1977[9]
Erjavecia Brusina, 1870 [9]
Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1977
Fusulus Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Fusulus [9]
† Hollabrunnella H. Nordsieck, 2007
Julica [9]
Macrogastra Macrogastra , Pseudovestia H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Pyrostoma Vest, 1867[9]
Micridyla [9]
† Parafusulus H. Nordsieck, 2007
† Pliodiptychia H. Nordsieck, 1978
Pseudidyla O. Boettger, 1877
Pseudofusulus Pseudofusulus varians [9]
Ruthenica [9]
† Trolliella H. Nordsieck, 1981
Tribe † Emarginariini H. Nordsieck, 2007
Tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
Tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
Filosa O. Boettger, 1877
Idyla H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Idyla and Strigilidyla H. Nordsieck, 1994
tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979
Tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924
Elia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Acroeuxina O. Boettger, 1877; Caucasica O. Boettger, 1877; Elia and Megaleuxina O. Boettger, 1877
Euxina O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Euxina and Illunellaria Lindholm, 1924
Euxinastra O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: Euxinastra Odonteuxina
Galeata O. Boettger, 1877
Mentissoidea O. Boettger, 1877
Tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
Tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
Tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994
Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 [ edit ]
Alopiinae[11]
tribe Alopiini
tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923)
Cochlodina A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: Cochlodina ; Cochlodinastra H. Nordsieck, 1977 ; Paracochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969 ; Procochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969
Macedonica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Delimini R. Brandt, 1956
Barcania Brandt, 1956
Charpentieria Stabille, 1864 - with subgenera: Charpentieria
Delima Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: Delima ; Dugiana Stamol & Slapnik, 2002 ; Piceata O. Boettger, 1877 and Semirugata O. Boettger, 1877
Dilataria Vest, 1867
Gibbularia Cecconi, 1908
Mauritanica O. Boettger, 1879
Papillifera Hartmann, 1842
Sicania Tomlin, 1929
Stigmatica O. Boettger, 1877
tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
Agathylla H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Agathylla and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969
Albinaria Vest, 1867 - also includes former genusSericata O. Boettger, 1878.
Carinigera Möllendorff, 1873
Cristataria Vest, 1867
Inchoatia Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006 [12]
Isabellaria Vest, 1867
Lampedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera Imitatrix Westerlund, 1884 and Lampedusa
Leucostigma A. J. Wagner, 1919
Medora H. & A. Adams, 1855
Muticaria Lindholm, 1925
Strigilodelima A. J. Wagner, 1924
Vallatia E. Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006
Constrictinae [ edit ]
Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera:
Eualopiinae [ edit ]
Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera:
Tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978
Tribe † Rillyini † H. Nordsieck, 1985
† Neniopsilla H. Nordsieck, 2020
† Neniopsis Wenz, 1920
† Omanillya H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016
† Pararillya H. Nordsieck, 2002
† Proalbinaria O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 189
† Rillya [4]
† Neniopsilla H. Nordsieck, 2020
† Neniopsis Wenz, 1920
† Omanillya H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016
† Pararillya H. Nordsieck, 2002
† Proalbinaria O. Boettger in Oppenheim, 1895
Garnieriinae [ edit ]
tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926
Garnieria Bourguignat, 1877
Laminiferinae [ edit ]
Tribe Laminiferini Wenz, 1923
† Baboria Cossmann, 1898
† Laminifera [4] [4]
† Laminiplica H. Nordsieck, 1978
† Omanifera H. Nordsieck in Harzhauser et al., 2016
Tribe † Oospiroidesini H. Nordsieck, 2007
Tribe † Polloneriini H. Nordsieck, 2007
Mentissoideinae [ edit ]
synonym of the tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 (superseded classification)
Neniinae Wenz, 1923 [ edit ]
Tribe Neniini Wenz, 1923
Peruiniinae H. Nordsieck, 2005 [ edit ]
Andinia Polinski, 1922
Audiniastra H. Nordsieck, 2005
Andiniella Weyrauch, 1958
Bequaertinenia Bequaertinenia and Miranenia Grego & Szekeres, 2004
Brevinenia Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005
Columbinia Polinski, 1924 - with subgenera: Columbinia and Steatonenia Pilsbry, 1926
Cyclonenia H. Nordsieck, 1999
Cylindronenia Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Cylindronenia and Cylindroneniella H. Nordsieck, 2007
Ehrmanniella Zilch, 1949
Gracilinenia Polinski, 1922
Hemicena Pilsbry, 1949
Incaglaia Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Gibbonenia Zilch, 1954 and Incaglaia
Incania Polinski, 1922
Leuconenia H. Nordsieck, 2005
Neniaptyx H. Nordsieck, 2007
Neniatracta Pilsbry, 1926
Neniella Grego & Sekeres, 2004
Parabalea Ancey, 1882
Peruinia Polinski, 1922
Pfeifferiella Weyrauch, 1957
Pseudogracilinenia Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984
Steeriana Jousseaume, 1900
Symptychiella H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: Divnenia H. Nordsieck, 2005 and Symptychiella
Temesa H. & A. Adams, 1855
Zilchiella Weyrauch, 1957
Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922 [ edit ]
Tribe † Disjunctariini H. Nordsieck, 2014
Tribe † Nordsieckiini H. Nordsieck, 2007
tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
Acanthophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2007
Atractophaedusa Ehrmann, 1927
Bacillophaedusa Grego & Szekeres, 2011
Bathyptychia Lindholm, 1925 - with three subgenera: Bathyptychia ; Brachyptychia H. Nordsieck, 2001 and Strictiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
Castanophaedusa Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017
Celsiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
Changphaedusa Motochin & Ueshima, 2017
Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera: Cylindrophaedusa and Montiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
Dautzenbergiella Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: Dautzenbergiella and Mansuyiella H. Nordsieck, 2003
Euphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: Dentiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Euphaedusa ; and Telophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
Fuchsiana Gredler, 1887
Hemiphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with subgenera: Dendrophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002; Hemiphaedusa ; Hemiphaedusoides H. Nordsieck, 2001; Hemizaptyx Pilsbry, 1905; Labyrinthiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; ; Pinguiphaedusa Azuma, 1982; Placeophaedusa Minato, 1994)
Juttingia Loosjes, 1965 - with two subgenera: Juttingia and Pseudohemiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
Liparophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Loosjesia H. Nordsieck, 2002
Luchuphaedusa Luchuphaedusa and Nesiophaedusa Pilsbry, 1905
Macrophaedusa Moellendorff, 1883
Macrophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 2001
Megalophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with four subgenera: Megalophaedusa ; Mesophaedusa Ehrmann, 1929; Mesozaptyx Kuroda, 1963 and Mundiphaedusa Minato, 1979. (Neophaedusa Megalophaedusa ).[14]
Messageriella Páll-Gergely & Szekeres, 2017
Miraphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2005
Musaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2018
Nannophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2012
Notoptychia Ehrmann, 1927
Oospira Blanford, 1872 [15] Formosanella H. Nordsieck, 2003; Oospira ; Paraformosella H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Siphonophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Papilliphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
Paraphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
Phaedusa H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with subgenera: Metaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Phaedusa ; Pseudophaedusa Tomiyama, 1984
Probosciphaedusa Z.-Y. Chen, 2021
Reinia Kobelt, 1876 - with three subgenera: Parareinia H. Nordsieck, 1998; Pictophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Reinia
Serriphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
Sinigena Lindholm, 1925
Solitariphaedusa Motochin & Ueshima, 2017
Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
Streptodera Lindholm, 1925
Tauphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
Tosaphaedusa Ehrmann, 1929
Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Prozaptyx Loosjes, 1950 and Zaptyx
Tribe † Serrulellini H. Nordsieck, 2007
Tribe Serrulinini Ehrmann, 1927
Caspiophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Cotyorica Grego & Szekeres, 2017
Dobatia H. Nordsieck, 1973
† Euxinophaedusa Likharev, 1962
Graecophaedusa Rähle, 1982
Laeviphaedusa Likharev & Stelkov, 1965
Microphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1978
Nothoserrulina Németh & Szekeres, 1995
Pamphylica Németh & Szekeres, 1995
Pontophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
Pontophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 1994
Pravispira Lindholm, 1924
Sciocochlea C. Boettger, 1935
Serrulina Mousson, 1873
Truncatophaedusa Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovács 1994
Tsoukatosia Gittenberger, 2000 - with two subgenera: Agiosspeleikos A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and Tsoukatosia
Tribe Synprosphymini H. Nordsieck, 2007
Synonyms [ edit ]
Diceratoptyx Pilsbry, 1905 : synonym of Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym)
Heterozaptyx Pilsbry, 1906 : synonym of Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900 (junior synonym)
Kazancia Neubert, 1992 : synonym of [[]] Lindholm, 1924 (junior synonym)
Leptacme Ehrmann, 1927:[15] Oospira (Leptocochlea) Grego & Szekeres, 2011 represented as Oospira W. T. Blanford, 1872
Lindholmiella Ehrmann, 1927 : synonym of Oospira (Lindholmiella) Ehrmann, 1927 represented as Oospira W. T. Blanford, 1872
Metazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905 synonym of Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Neniauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2002 : synonym of Grandinenia Minato & D.-N. Chen, 1984
Neostyriaca A. J. Wagner, 1920:[9] Clausilia (Neostyriaca) A. J. Wagner, 1920 represented as Clausilia Draparnaud, 1805
Oligozaptx Pilsbry, 1905 : synonym of Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx) Pilsbry, 1905 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Parazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905 : synonym of Zaptyx (Parazaptyx) Pilsbry, 1905 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Pliciphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1998 : synonym of Stereophaedusa (Pliciphaedusa) H. Nordsieck, 1998 represented as Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
Pulchraptyx Minato, 1981 : synonym of Zaptyx (Pulchraptyx) Minato, 1981 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Renschiphaedusa Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973 : synonym of Phaedusa H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
Selenoptyx Pilsbry, 1908 : synonym of Zaptyx (Selenoptyx) Pilsbry, 1908 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Serrulinella H. Nordsieck, 1984 : synonym of Serrulina (Serrulinella) H. Nordsieck, 1984 represented as Serrulina Mousson, 1873 (unaccepted rank)
Stereozaptyx Pilsbry, 1905 : synonym of Zaptyx (Stereozaptyx) Pilsbry, 1905 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Thaumatoptyx Pilsbry, 1908 : synonym of Zaptyx (Thaumatoptyx) Pilsbry, 1908 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Tyrannophaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 : synonym of Megalophaedusa (Tyrannophaedusa) Pilsbry, 1900 represented as Megalophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877
Tyrannozaptyx Käufel, 1930 : synonym of Zaptyx (Tyrannozaptyx) Käufel, 1930 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Zaptychopsis Ehrmann, 1927 : synonym of Zaptyx (Zaptychopsis) Ehrmann, 1927 represented as Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1900
Conservation [ edit ]
Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction,[16] IUCN Red list [17]
References [ edit ]
^ J. E. Gray. April 14, 1855. Catalogue of Pulmonata or air-breathing Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum, Part I: 156.
^ a b MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Clausiliidae L. Pfeiffer & J. E. Gray, 1855. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=833936 on 2023-04-11
^ Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology . in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs ISBN 0-85199-318-4 . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
^ a b c d e f Bouchet, Philippe ; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre ; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston ; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families ". Malacologia 47 ISBN 3-925919-72-4 ISSN 0076-2997 .
^ Nordsieck H. (1981). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 111 (1-3): 101.
^ Nordsieck H. (1978). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 109 (1-3): 104.
^ Nordsieck H. (1985). Heldia 1 3 ): 83.
^ Rodrigo B. Salvador; Abraham S.H. Breure (2020). "Type material of Clausiliidae door snails from Philippe Dautzenberg in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" . Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa . 31 Te Papa : 56–69. ISSN 1173-4337 . Wikidata Q106839645 .
^ a b c d e f g h i "Clausiliini" . Fauna Europaea , last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.
^ "Graciliaria " . Fauna Europaea , last update 27 January 2011, accessed 27 April 2011.
^ Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails" . Doctoral thesis, Leiden University , ISBN 90-6464-874-3 .
^ Gittenberger E. & Uit de Weerd D. R. (2009). "Summarizing data on the Inchoatia taxa, including Inchoatia megdova bruggeni subspec. nov. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Clausiliidae)" Zoologische Mededelingen 83 http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a08 Archived 16 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine
^ Rodrigo B. Salvador; Alina Wahab; Nicole E. Phillips; Abraham S.H. Breure (2021). "South American and Trinidadian terrestrial Gastropoda in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" . Tuhinga: Records of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa . 32 Te Papa : 64–80. ISSN 1173-4337 . Wikidata Q116264204 .
^ cf. Nordsieck H. (2006). "Species list of recent Clausiliidae" .
^ a b Maassen W. J. M. & Gittenberger E. (2007). "Three new clausiliid land snails from Tonkin, northern Vietnam (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Clausiliidae)". Zoologische Mededelingen 81 1 ): http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/81/nr01/a10 Archived 7 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^ Lydeard, C.; Cowie R.; Ponder, W.F.; et al. (April 2004). "The global decline of nonmarine mollusks" . BioScience 54 4 ): 321–330. doi :10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0321:TGDONM]2.0.CO;2
^ IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 5 March 2010.
Further reading [ edit ]
Maltz T. K. & Sulikowska-Drozd A. (2008) "Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland — Knowns and Unknowns". Annales Zoologici 58 4 ): 857-880. doi :10.3161/000345408X396783 .
Nordsieck H. (2007). Worldwide Door Snails . ConchBooks, 213 pp. ISBN 978-3-939767-07-7 .
Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Leiden University . HTM , PDF .
Uit de Weerd D. R., Piel W. H. & Gittenberger E. (2004). "Widespread polyphyly among Alopiinae snail genera: when phylogeny mirrors biogeography more closely than morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33 3 ): 533-548. doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.010
Páll-Gergely B. & Szekeres M. , 2017. New and little-known Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Laos and southern Vietnam. Journal of Conchology 42(6 ): 507-519
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clausiliidae&oldid=1153905469 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● C l a u s i l i i d a e ● T a x a n a m e d b y J o h n E d w a r d G r a y H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● U s e d m y d a t e s f r o m A u g u s t 2 0 2 0 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N D L i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 9 M a y 2 0 2 3 , a t 0 1 : 3 9 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
