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A p p e a r a n c e
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P e r s o n a l t o o l s
● C r e a t e a c c o u n t ● L o g i n
P a g e s f o r l o g g e d o u t e d i t o r s l e a r n m o r e ● C o n t r i b u t i o n s ● T a l k
( T o p )
1 L i n n e a n t a x o n o m y
2 2 0 0 5 t a x o n o m y
T o g g l e 2 0 0 5 t a x o n o m y s u b s e c t i o n
2 . 1 I n f o r m a l G r o u p P u l m o n a t a
2 . 1 . 1 I n f o r m a l G r o u p B a s o m m a t o p h o r a
2 . 1 . 1 . 1 C l a d e H y g r o p h i l a
2 . 1 . 2 C l a d e E u p u l m o n a t a
2 . 1 . 2 . 1 C l a d e S y s t e l l o m m a t o p h o r a ( = G y m n o m o r p h a )
2 . 1 . 2 . 2 C l a d e S t y l o m m a t o p h o r a
2 . 1 . 2 . 3 S u b c l a d e E l a s m o g n a t h a
2 . 1 . 2 . 4 S u b c l a d e O r t h u r e t h r a
2 . 1 . 2 . 5 I n f o r m a l G r o u p S i g m u r e t h r a
2 . 1 . 2 . 6 l i m a c o i d c l a d e
2 . 1 . 2 . 7 o t h e r S i g m u r e t h r a
3 2 0 1 0 t a x o n o m y
4 R e f e r e n c e s
5 F u r t h e r r e a d i n g
6 E x t e r n a l l i n k s
T o g g l e t h e t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s
P u l m o n a t a
3 4 l a n g u a g e s
● ا ل ع ر ب ي ة ● Б ъ л г а р с к и ● C a t a l à ● C e b u a n o ● Č e š t i n a ● D e u t s c h ● E e s t i ● E s p a ñ o l ● ف ا ر س ی ● F ø r o y s k t ● F r a n ç a i s ● G a l e g o ● 한 국 어 ● Հ ա յ ե ր ե ն ● B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a ● I t a l i a n o ● ע ב ר י ת ● ქ ა რ თ უ ლ ი ● К ы р г ы з ч а ● L i e t u v i ų ● M a g y a r ● م ص ر ى ● N e d e r l a n d s ● 日 本 語 ● N o r d f r i i s k ● N o r s k b o k m å l ● P o l s k i ● P o r t u g u ê s ● Р у с с к и й ● S l o v e n č i n a ● S v e n s k a ● У к р а ї н с ь к а ● W i n a r a y ● 中 文
E d i t l i n k s
● A r t i c l e ● T a l k
E n g l i s h
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
T o o l s
T o o l s
A c t i o n s
● R e a d ● E d i t ● V i e w h i s t o r y
G e n e r a l
● W h a t l i n k s h e r e ● R e l a t e d c h a n g e s ● U p l o a d f i l e ● S p e c i a l p a g e s ● P e r m a n e n t l i n k ● P a g e i n f o r m a t i o n ● C i t e t h i s p a g e ● G e t s h o r t e n e d U R L ● D o w n l o a d Q R c o d e ● W i k i d a t a i t e m
P r i n t / e x p o r t
● D o w n l o a d a s P D F ● P r i n t a b l e v e r s i o n
I n o t h e r p r o j e c t s
● W i k i m e d i a C o m m o n s ● W i k i s p e c i e s
A p p e a r a n c e
F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m P u l m o n a t e )
Informal group of gastropods
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order , and before that, a subclass ) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill , or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families.
The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger et al. , dating from 2010.[1]
Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous period to the present.[2]
Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated symmetrical nervous system. The mantle cavity is on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum , although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic , and some groups possess love darts .[3]
Linnean taxonomy [ edit ]
The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) was as follows:
Order Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville, 1814 - pulmonates
Shells of pulmonate stylommatophoran snails in a museum collection An artistic but scientifically incorrect version of various European land snails and slugs (one species here is not a pulmonate), their food plants and fungi, and a beetle that eats mollusks, bottom right.
Infraorder Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 - land snails
Subinfraorder Orthurethra
Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900
Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900
Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch , 1864
Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque , 1815
Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque , 1815
Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864
Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele , 1931
Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray , 1806
Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele , 1926
Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch , 1864
? Superfamily Athoracophoroidea P. Fischer, 1883 = Tracheopulmonata
? Superfamily Succineoidea Beck, 1837 = Heterurethra
2005 taxonomy [ edit ]
Examples of Pulmonata: Achatina fulica Bielzia coerulans Praticolella berlandieriana Megalobulimus oblongus Euglandina rosea Helix pomatia bottom right & Ashmunella levettei
The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) [4]
Informal Group Pulmonata [ edit ]
Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata
Informal Group Basommatophora [ edit ]
Contains the clade Hygrophila
Clade Eupulmonata [ edit ]
Contains the clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora
Contains the subclades Elasmognatha , Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra
other Sigmurethra [ edit ]
Two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.
2010 taxonomy [ edit ]
Jörger et al. (2010)[1] Heterobranchia using genetic data and found that Pulmonata as traditionally defined was polyphyletic , for instance some pulmonates were more closely related to Sacoglossa and Acochlidia . They proposed the more inclusive taxon Panpulmonata Siphonarioidea , Sacoglossa , Glacidorboidea , Pyramidelloidea , Amphiboloidea , Hygrophila , Acochlidia and Eupulmonata .[1]
References [ edit ]
^ (in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. 1996. Základy zoopaleontologie . Olomouc, 264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3 .
^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology . Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 377. ISBN 0-03-056747-5
^ Bouchet, Philippe ; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre ; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston ; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families ". Malacologia 47 ISBN 3-925919-72-4 ISSN 0076-2997 .
Further reading [ edit ]
External links [ edit ]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Pulmonata .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulmonata&oldid=1225371810 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● O b s o l e t e g a s t r o p o d t a x a ● C a r b o n i f e r o u s f i r s t a p p e a r a n c e s ● T a x a n a m e d b y G e o r g e s C u v i e r H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k i s o n W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h G N D i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h L N B i d e n t i f i e r s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h N K C i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 4 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 1 : 0 7 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
