The Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party has 55 articles and its contents describe the program of the party, as well as its organizational structure and party symbolism.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s 1945 constitution described Mao Zedong Thought as the party's working compass.[1]: 23 It also discusses democracy in the context of New Democracy.[1]: 22
The constitution adopted during April 1969 at the 9th National Congress named Lin Biao as Mao Zedong's "close comrade in arms and successor".[2]: 142
The constitution currently in force was adopted at the 12th National Congress of the CCP in September 1982. In accordance with the changing situation and tasks, revisions were made in some of the articles at the 13th National Congress in November 1987 and in the General Program and some of the articles at the 14th National Congress in October 1992, and a few revisions were made in the General Program at the 16th National Congress of the CCP in November 2002.[citation needed]
The 1992 revision of the constitution noted the importance of policy experimentation, incorporating language that the CCP "must boldly experiment with new methods, ... review new experience and solve new problems, and enrich and develop Marxism in practice."[3]: 65
The constitution emphasizes the party's role in promoting socialist democracy, in developing and strengthening a socialist legal system, and in consolidating public resolve to carry out the modernization program.[5]
The constitution states that the interests of the people and the party are paramount over the interests of party members.[8]: 112 The constitution states that in emergencies and urgent situations, members are encouraged to contribute to special funds (as in the case of the special fund for the 2008 Sichuan earthquake).[8]: 111–112
Since 1945, the party's constitution has defined the party's view of democratic centralism as "centralism based on democracy and democracy under centralized leadership."[1]: 23 Academic Jean-Pierre Cabestan writes that this approach defines and limits democracy within the party, indicating that central leadership prevails over the rights of party members to challenge leadership.[1]: 23
^ abcdCabestan, Jean-Pierre (2024). "Organisation and (Lack of) Democracy in the Chinese Communist Party: A Critical Reading of the Successive Iterations of the Party Constitution". In Doyon, Jérôme; Froissart, Chloé (eds.). The Chinese Communist Party: a 100-Year Trajectory. Canberra: ANU Press. doi:10.22459/CCP.2024.01. ISBN9781760466244.
^Hammond, Ken (2023). China's Revolution and the Quest for a Socialist Future. New York, NY: 1804 Books. ISBN9781736850084.
^Huang, Yibing (2020). An Ideological History of the Communist Party of China. Vol. 3. Qian Zheng, Guoyou Wu, Xuemei Ding, Li Sun, Shelly Bryant. Montreal, Quebec. pp. 474–475. ISBN978-1-4878-0425-1. OCLC1165409653.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Rodenbiker, Jesse (2023). Ecological States: Politics of Science and Nature in Urbanizing China. Environments of East Asia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN978-1-5017-6900-9.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. China: A Country Study. Federal Research Division. July 1987.
