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Enrique Hertzog

Enrique Hertzog
42nd President of Bolivia
In office 10 March 1947 – 22 October 1949
Vice President	Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Preceded by	Tomás Monje (interim)
Succeeded by	Mamerto Urriolagoitía
Minister of Work, Health, and Social Security
In office 16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943
President	Enrique Peñaranda
Preceded by	Juan Manuel Balcázar
Succeeded by	Víctor Andrade Uzquiano
Minister of War and Colonization
In office 15 December 1932 – 30 November 1933
President	Daniel Salamanca
Preceded by	Joaquín Espada
Succeeded by	José Antonio Quiroga H.
Minister of Development and Communications
In office 25 October 1932 – 9 January 1933
President	Daniel Salamanca
Preceded by	Agustín Villegas
Succeeded by	José G. Almaraz
Minister of Government and Justice
In office 9 March 1932 – 25 October 1932
President	Daniel Salamanca
Preceded by	Luis Calvo
Succeeded by	Demetrio Canelas
Personal details
Born	Enrique Hertzog Garaizabal 10 November 1897 La Paz, Bolivia
Died	31 July 1981(1981-07-31) (aged 83) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Political party	Republican Socialist Unity (1946–1978) Genuine Republican (before 1946)
Spouse	Edna Sánchez
Parent(s)	Enrique Hertzog Eduviges Garaizábal
Education	Higher University of San Andrés
Awards	Order of Charles III
Signature

José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal (Spanish pronunciation: [enˈrike (x)eɾtˈsoɣ ɡaɾajˈsaβal]; 10 November 1897, in La Paz – 31 July 1981, in Buenos Aires)^[1] was a Bolivian politician who served as the 42nd president of Bolivia from 1947 to 1949. He resigned in 1949, and died in exile in Argentina.

Biography[edit]

A medical doctor by trade, Hertzog joined the Genuine Republican Party of Daniel Salamanca in the 1920s, and rose to become Minister of Public Information and Communications as well as Minister of War during the 1932–35 Chaco war against Paraguay, which Bolivia lost.

President of Bolivia[edit]

In1947 elections he ran for president on a ticket of united Republican Party (Bolivia) factions (former Saavedrists, Genuines, etc.) calling themselves Republican Socialist Unity Party (Partido de la Unión Republicana Socialista [PURS]). He won against the Liberal leader Fernando Guachalla and the reformist candidate Víctor Paz Estenssoro, who led the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement).

Hertzog faced innumerable obstacles during his term, mostly in the form of constant rebellion from the lower sectors of society, as represented by striking miners and union workers. He was also saddled with the implacable opposition of Paz's MNR party and its allies, in addition to a declining economy. In essence, the attempt of the privileged sectors (led by Hertzog himself) to "turn back the clock" to the oligarchic pre-Chaco War status quo did not work. Rising expectations and demands from an increasingly activist and indeed, violent, popular class, combined with the unwillingness or inability of the governing elites to give concession that would undermine their power, led the country to the very brink of civil war. On 18 September 1947 he declared the state of siege.

Escalating repressive measures, such as arrest and deportation of many MNR leaders, only bred further discontent. When the legislative elections of 1949 confirmed the dramatic ascendancy of the parties of the Left, the PURS leadership lost trust in the relatively more conciliatory Hertzog's ability to control the situation. They forced his resignation for "reasons of (non-existing) illness" in favor of his far more combative vice-president, Mamerto Urriolagoitía.

Later life[edit]

A few months later Hertzog was named Bolivia's Ambassador to Spain. Following the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution that brought Paz Estenssoro's MNR party to power, the ex-President remained exiled in the Spanish capital, later moving to Buenos Aires, where he died.

Hertzog again ran for President of Bolivia in 1966 on behalf of remnants of the pre-Revolution parties which had formed Democratic Institutionalist Alliance against René Barrientos, but only got a small share of the vote.

See also[edit]

• Cabinet of Enrique Hertzog

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

• Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, Historia de Bolivia, 3rd edition., pp. 579–582.
• Gisbert, Carlos D. Mesa (2003). Presidentes de Bolivia: entre urnas y fusiles : el poder ejecutivo, los ministros de estado (in Spanish). Editorial Gisbert. pp. 344–347.