Erich Hoyt (born 28 September 1950) is a whale and dolphin (cetacean) researcher, conservationist, lecturer and author of 26 books and more than 700 reports, articles and papers.[1][2][3][4] His book Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises (Earthscan, Taylor & Francis, 2005; 2nd edition, 2011), has been widely reviewed as the "definitive reference of the current extent of cetacean ecosystems-based management"[5] and as "a unique and essential book for anybody interested in the conservation and protection of cetaceans. [This] definitive source on MPAs marine protected areas for cetaceans…will influence the design and management of this important and rapidly developing conservation tool."[6]Choice listed the book as an "Outstanding Academic Title’ for the year 2012.[7] Since 2013, as Research Fellow with Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC) and IUCN SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force co-chair with Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara, Hoyt has focussed on the creation and development of the new conservation tool of Important Marine Mammal Areas, or IMMAs. In 2016, following a MAVA Foundation pilot project to identify IMMAs in the Mediterranean, the Task Force's GOBI collaboration funded by the German Climate Initiative (IKI) began a six-year project to identify and implement IMMAs across most of the southern hemisphere. The IMMA tool has been received and widely endorsed by the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), various commissions within the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the International Whaling Commission, as well as national governments and scientists.[8]
Hoyt wrote the first book on whale watching, The Whale Watcher’s Handbook (Doubleday, Penguin, 1984), which zoologist—BBC-TV presenter Mark Carwardine named his number one wildlife-book classic.[9] "When Hoyt wrote this book, he was well ahead of his time…few people had grasped the concept of whale-watching as a major, worldwide growth industry…It has been very influential over the years."[9] Hoyt also wrote the resolution that put whale watching on the International Whaling Commission agenda in the 1990s. That book, as well as his first book about his seven summers in the 1970s and 1980s with killer whales, or orcas, are considered classic whale texts.[10][11]Orca: The Whale Called Killer is still in print after more than 30 years.
Among his other books are five written for children and six academic books. Two popular volumes on social insects, The Earth Dwellers, (Simon & Schuster, 1996) and Insect Lives (Harvard Univ. Press, 2002, with Smithsonian entomologist Ted Schultz) broke new ground. In Hoyt's "delightful…multi-layered"[12]The Earth Dwellers, the "ant’s eye view of life works spectacularly"[13] as Hoyt "fashions the ants into enchanting characters"[14] charting "an insect’s course through sex, aggression and foreign policy".[15]Insect Lives, an American Library Association "Outstanding Book for the College Bound"[16][17] is a "potpourri of fascinating excerpts written by some of the finest insect biologists and naturalists spanning many centuries."[18] A deep sea book called Creatures of the Deep (Firefly, 2001) won the American Society of Journalists & Authors, Inc. Outstanding Book Award, General Nonfiction.[19] A second deep sea book, Weird Sea Creatures, this time for children, was published in 2013. In 2017 Hoyt published Encyclopedia of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises which "draws on more than 40 years of scientific interactions with these intelligent and fascinating creatures," according to Library Journal: "Hoyt writes movingly on life cycles, the future for these animals and how readers can get involved in protecting them."[20]
Hoyt is currently Research Fellow with WDC, Whale and Dolphin Conservation[21][2] and Director of Marine Mammals for marinebio.org.[22] He also leads WDC's Global Marine Protected Areas Programme launched in 2008 by Team Russia as part of the round-the-world Volvo Ocean Race.[23] He is an appointed member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Cetacean Specialist Group (SSC-CSG) and the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA).[2][3] He is a co-founder and serves on the steering and programme committees of the International Committee on Marine Mammal Protected Areas (icmmpa.org).
The research and conservation project Hoyt co-founded and has co-led since 1999, the Far East Russia Orca Project, has pioneered visual and acoustic monitoring, training of Russian students, and whale conservation in the remote, inhospitable Kamchatka seas, and has produced a number of papers on the communication and behavioural ecology of killer whales.[21][24][25] This work has led to improved understanding of the animals' acoustic repertoire and complex social structure, which includes matrilineal family clans, pods consisting of several families, and much larger "super-pods".[26] A related project which he co-directs, the Russian Cetacean Habitat Project, aims to study and conserve habitat for humpback, killer, fin, North Pacific right and Baird's beaked whales around the Russian Commander Islands.[27][28] In 2013, he helped launch and became co-chair of the IUCN SSC/WCPA Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force.[8]
Hoyt has been working for whale and dolphin (cetacean) conservation since the early 1970s when his involvement in the first studies of wild killer whales in Canada led to campaigns to create a marine protected area to save their habitat.[29][30] This, he says, "set him on a path," and "30 years, 14 books and hundreds of articles later, he has come full circle to the question that he addresses so thoroughly in the research for Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises," published first in 2005, with a completely revised and expanded second edition in 2011: "What does it mean to save the whales if their habitat is left unprotected?"[29][31] This work, as well as the supporting website (http://www.cetaceanhabitat.org) "details the current state of cetacean conservation globally"[32] identifying and helping to conserve whale, dolphin and other important biologically diverse habitats in marine reserves and protected areas in the national waters of the world and on the high seas (international waters).[33]
Erich Hoyt's work is "very much at the forefront of work on marine protected areas," [34] [driving] the shift from taxon-oriented protectionism (e.g., the Marine Mammal Protection Act) to more ecosystem-oriented approaches to conservation [and] marking...the growing relative importance of marine conservation vs. terrestrial conservation."[35]
At the same time, Hoyt continues to work on a wide variety of other conservation projects such as multi-disciplinary exhibitions and symposia as well as writing and speaking related to Japanese whaling, whale watching and ocean conservation.[36] In 2010 he co-founded the Beautiful Whale Project and helped to organize and introduce a symposium devoted to "New Tales about Whales in Science, Society and Art" at the United Nations University, Tokyo,[37] as well as the "Eye to Eye with the Whale" exhibition of life-size photographs of Bryant Austin at Temporary Contemporary Gallery in Tokyo, both in December 2010.[38][39]
A Canadian-US dual citizen, he lives in Bridport, England, with his wife and four children.[3]
In 1985 and 1986, Hoyt was a Vannevar Bush Fellow in the Public Understanding of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and, in 1992 and 2000, served as James Thurber Writer-in-Residence at the Thurber House in Columbus, Ohio.[40] In 2013, Hoyt won the Mandy McMath Conservation Award at the annual conference of the European Cetacean Society in Portugal for his body of work including books, papers and work on marine conservation[41]
Sharks and Whales, Fog City Press, San Francisco, CA (2002) ISBN1877019038 (co-editor and co-author with Leighton Taylor and Mark Carwardine)
Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises, Time-Life/ Discovery Channel, New York; HarperCollins, London; Reader's Digest, Sydney, Australia; Fog City Press, San Francisco (1998-2008) ISBN078355284X, ISBN9780002201056, ISBN9781740896603 (also published in Danish, Gads Forlag, Copenhagen, ISBN9780002201056; in Italian, Instituto Geografico de Agostini, Novara, ISBN8841563621; in Spanish, Ediciones Omega SA, Barcelona and Planeta, Buenos Aires, ISBN8428211639 and ISBN950490145X; in Germany, Könemann, Cologne, ISBN3829056656; in Dutch, Könemann, Cologne, ISBN978-3-8290-6758-4; in French, Könemann, Cologne, ISBN2743465565 (Co-editor with Mark Carwardine; co-author with Mark Carwardine, E. Fordyce, P. Gill)
Seasons of the Whale, Nimbus, Halifax; Chelsea Green, Vermont; Mainstream, Edinburgh; WDCS, Bath; Humane Society of the US, Washington, DC (1990, 1993, 1998, 2013) ISBN093003130X, ISBN0921054521, ISBN1851583173, ISBN1851583254, (also published in French as Les Saisons de la Baleine, ISBN2890003302)
The Whales of Canada, Firefly, Toronto & New York (1984, 1988, 1990) ISBN0920656331
The Whale Watcher’s Handbook, Penguin, Toronto; Doubleday, New York (1984, 1987, 1991); ISBN0385190360, ISBN0140070648 (also published in German as Alle Wale der Welt, ISBN3922965474)
Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: A World Handbook for Cetacean Habitat Conservation and Planning. Earthscan/Routledge and Taylor & Francis, London and New York (2011) Revised 2nd edition. ISBN1844070638, ISBN1844070646
Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: A World Handbook for Cetacean Habitat Conservation. Earthscan, London and Springfield, Virginia, USA (2005) ISBN1844070638, ISBN1844070646
Marine Mammals of Russia. Kirov, Kirov (2009) Морские млекопитающие России. (with A.M. Burdin and O.A. Filatova) ISBN9785881868505
The Killer Whales of Eastern Kamchatka, Alaska SeaLife Centre (2006) (with Alexander Burdin, Hal Sato and Olga Filatova) ISBN0978543629
Whale Watching 2001: Worldwide Tourism Numbers, Expenditures, and Expanding Socioeconomic Benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA, USA. ISBN1901002098 and ISBN9781901002096
The Performing Orca—Why the Show Must Stop. An in-depth review of the captive orca industry, WDCS, Bath, UK (1992) ISBN0951907808
Conserving the Wild Relatives of Crops, Addison-Wesley Iberoamericana, México; IBPGR-United Nations FAO, Rome; WWF-Int’l and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland (1988, 1992) ISBN2-88085-072-X (also published in French as La Conservation des Plantes Sauvages Apparentées aux Plantes Cultivées, ISBN2880850738; in Spanish as Conservando los Parientes Silvestres de las Plantas Cultivadas, ISBN0201518503; in Portuguese as Conservaçao dos Parentes Silvestres das Plantas Cultivas, ISBN0201518694; in Chinese, ISBN7 305 00918 0)
Anthologies — fiction and nonfiction (as editor)[edit]
Insect Lives. Stories of Mystery & Romance from a Hidden World. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge; John Wiley & Sons, New York; Mainstream, London & Edinburgh (1998, 1999, 2000, 2002) (with Ted Schultz) ISBN9780471282778, ISBN1840180889, ISBN9780674009523
Contributor (as author of individual chapters)[edit]
Whales and Dolphins: Cognition, Culture, Conservation and Human Perceptions, Earthscan/Routledge and Taylor & Francis, London and New York (2011) ISBN9781849712255
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, San Diego, London (2009) ISBN9780123735539 and Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, Academic Press, San Diego, London (2002) ISBN9780125513401
Ecotourism: Focus on Wildlife and Local Communities, Icfai University Press, Hyderabad, India (2008) ISBN9788131419373
Between Species: Celebrating the Dolphin-Human Bond, Sierra Club, San Francisco (2003) ISBN1578050707
Encyclopedia of the Biosphere, Gale, Detroit (also in Spanish and Catalan) (2000) ISBN9780787645069
Tools of the Writers’ Trade, Harper Collins, New York (1991) ISBN0060163631
^Matthews, Tracey. 2006. Contemporary authors new revision series: Vol. 142 bio-bibliographical guide to current writers in fiction, general nonfiction, poetry, journalism, drama, motion pictures, television, and other fields, Gale, Detroit.
^Wilson, B. 2005. Environmental Conservation 32(3): 283-284.
^Berrow, S. 2005. Biology and Environment. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 105B(3), p195.
^Filatova, O. A., Deecke, V.B., Ford, J.K.B., Matkin, C.O., Barrett-Lennard, L.G., Guzeev, M.A., Burdin, A.M., Hoyt, E. 2012. Call diversity in the North Pacific killer whale populations: implications for dialect evolution and population history, Animal Behaviour 83, pp595-603 ISSN0003-3472doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.12.013
^Ivkovich, T., Filatova, O.A., Burdin, A.M., Sato, H., Hoyt, E. 2010. The social organization of resident-type killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Avacha Gulf, Northwest Pacific, as revealed through association patterns and acoustic similarity. Mammalian Biology 75:198-210 ISSN1616-5047doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2009.03.06
^Sendova-Franks, A. 2012. "Call diversity in killer whales", Animal Behaviour 83, p572 ISSN0003-3472
^ abLevin, A. 2005. "Save the whales’ habitat". BBC Wildlife, March 2005, p67 ISSN0265-3656
^Hoyt, E. 1990. Orca: The Whale Called Killer, Third Edition, Firefly, Toronto and New York, Epilogue.
^Hoyt, E. 2011. Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises: A World Handbook for Cetacean Habitat Conservation and Planning. Earthscan/Routledge and Taylor & Francis, London and New York, 464pp. + 13pp prelims + 12pp plates, ISBN978-1-84407-763-2
^Ryan, S. 2005. Tourism in Marine Environments 2(1):49-50. ISSN1544-273X
^Morikawa, J. and Hoyt, E. 2011. "Of whales, whaling and whale watching in Japan: A conversation." In P. Brakes and M.P. Simmonds (eds) Whales and Dolphins: Cognition, Culture, Conservation and Human Perceptions, Earthscan/Routledge and Taylor & Francis, London and New York, pp89-99, ISBN978-1-84971-224-8
^Matthews, Tracey. 2006. Contemporary Authors new revision series: Vol. 142 bio-bibliographical guide to current writers in fiction, general nonfiction, poetry, journalism, drama, motion pictures, television, and other fields, Gale, Detroit.
