⟨aai⟩ is used for /aːi̯/inDutch and various Cantonese romanisations.
⟨abh⟩ is used for /əu̯/ (/oː/inUlster) in Irish.
⟨adh⟩ is used for /əi̯/ (/eː/ in Ulster) in Irish, when stressed or for /ə/ (/uː/ in Mayo and Ulster), when unstressed word-finally.
⟨aei⟩ is used for /eː/ in Irish.
⟨agh⟩ is used for /əi̯/ (/eː/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨aim⟩ is used for /ɛ̃/ (/ɛm/ before a vowel) in French.
⟨ain⟩ is used for /ɛ̃/ (/ɛn/ before a vowel) in French. It also represents /ɛ̃/inTibetan Pinyin, where it is alternatively written ⟨än⟩.
⟨air⟩ is used for /ɛː/inRP, as in chair.
⟨aío⟩ is used for /iː/ in Irish, between broad consonants.
⟨amh⟩ is used for /əu̯/ in Irish.
⟨aoi⟩ is used for /iː/ in Irish, between a broad and a slender consonant.
⟨aon⟩ is used for /ɑ̃/ (/ɑn/ before a vowel) in French.
⟨aou⟩ is used for /u/ in French.
⟨aoû⟩ is used in a few words in French for /u/.
⟨aqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /a᷽/inTaa (If IPA does not display properly, it is an ⟨a⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
⟨bhf⟩ is used for /w/ and /vʲ/ in Irish. It is used for the eclipsisof⟨f⟩.
⟨cʼh⟩ is used for /x/ (avoiceless velar fricative) in Breton. It should not be confused with ch, which represents /ʃ/ (avoiceless postalveolar fricative).
⟨ccs⟩ is used for [tʃː] in Hungarian for germinated ⟨cs⟩. It is collated as ⟨cs⟩ rather than as ⟨c⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨cs⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨cscs⟩.
⟨chd⟩ is used for /dʒ/inEskayan romanised orthography.
⟨chh⟩ is used for /tʃʰ/inQuechua and romanizations of Indic languages
⟨chj⟩ is used in for /c/ Corsican.
⟨chw⟩ is used for /w/ in southern dialects of Welsh
⟨cci⟩ is used for /tʃː/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ in Italian.
⟨dch⟩ is used for the prevoiced aspirated affricate /d͡tʃʰ/inJuǀʼhoan.
⟨ddh⟩ is used for the dental affricate /tθ/inChipewyan.
⟨ddz⟩ is a long Hungarian ⟨dz⟩, [dːz]. It is collated as ⟨dz⟩ rather than as ⟨d⟩. It is not used within roots, where ⟨dz⟩ may be either long or short; but when an assimilated suffix is added to the stem, it may form the trigraph rather than the regular sequence *⟨dzdz⟩. Examples are eddze, lopóddzon.
⟨djx⟩ is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate /d͡tʃᵡ/ in Juǀʼhoan.
⟨dlh⟩ is used for /tˡʰ/ in the Romanized Popular AlphabetofHmong.
⟨drz⟩ is used for /dʒ/ in English transcriptions of the Polish digraph ⟨dż⟩.
⟨dsh⟩ is used for the foreign sound /dʒ/ in German. A common variant is the tetragraph ⟨dsch⟩. It is used in Juǀʼhoan for the prevoiced aspirated affricate /d͡tsʰ/.
⟨dsj⟩ is used for foreign loan words with /dʒ/ Norwegian. Sometimes the digraph dj is used.
⟨dtc⟩ is used for the voiced palatal click /ᶢǂ/inNaro.
⟨dzh⟩ is used for /dʒ/ in English transcriptions of the Russian digraph ⟨дж⟩. In the practical orthography of Taa, where it represents the prevoiced affricate /dtsʰ/.
⟨dzi⟩ is used for /dʑ/ when it precedes a vowel and /dʑi/ otherwise in Polish, and is considered a variant of the digraph dź appearing in other situations.
⟨dzs⟩ is used for the voiced palato-alveolar affricate /dʒ/inHungarian
⟨dzx⟩ is used for the prevoiced uvularized affricate /d͡tsᵡ/ in Juǀʼhoan.
⟨dzv⟩ is used for the whistled sibilant affricate /dz͎/inShona.
⟨eai⟩ is used for /a/ in Irish, between slender consonants. It is also used in French for /e/ after ⟨g⟩.
⟨eái⟩ is used for /aː/ in Irish, between slender consonants.
⟨eau⟩ is used for /o/ in French and is a word itself meaning "water".
⟨eaw⟩ is used for /ɐʏ/inLancashire dialect.
⟨ein⟩ is used for /ɛ̃/ (/ɛn/ before a vowel) in French.
⟨eoi⟩ is used for /oː/ in Irish, between slender consonants.
⟨eqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /e᷽/ in the practical orthography of Taa (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an ⟨e⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath).
⟨eeu⟩ is used for /iːu/inAfrikaans.
⟨geü⟩ is used for /ʒy/inFrench words such as vergeüre.
⟨ggi⟩ is used for /dʒː/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ in Italian.
⟨ggj⟩ is used for /ʝː/ in the Nynorsk Norwegian standard; e.g., leggja "lay".
⟨ggw⟩ is used for ejective /kʷʼ/inHadza.
⟨ggy⟩ is used for [ɟː] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨gy⟩. It is collated as ⟨gy⟩ rather than as ⟨g⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨gy⟩ are brought together in a compound
⟨ghj⟩ is used for /ɟ/inCorsican.
⟨ghw⟩ is used for a labialized velar/uvular /ʁʷ/inChipewyan. In Canadian Tlingit it represents /qʷ/, which is written ⟨gw⟩ in Alaska.
⟨gli⟩ is used for /ʎː/ before a vowel other than ⟨i⟩inItalian.
⟨gln⟩ is used for /ŋn/inTalossan.
⟨gni⟩ is used for /ɲ/ in a few French words such as châtaignier /ʃɑtɛɲe/.
⟨guë⟩ and ⟨güe⟩ are used for /ɡy/ at the ends of words that end in the feminine suffix -e in French. E.g. aiguë "sharp" and ambiguë "ambiguous". In the French spelling reform of 1990, it was recommended that traditional ⟨guë⟩ be changed to ⟨güe⟩.
⟨gqh⟩ is used for the prevoiced affricate /ɢqʰ/ in the practical orthography of Taa.
⟨gǃh⟩ ⟨gǀh⟩ ⟨gǁh⟩ ⟨gǂh⟩ are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced aspirated clicks, /ᶢᵏǃʰ, ᶢᵏǀʰ, ᶢᵏǁʰ, ᶢᵏǂʰ/.
⟨gǃk⟩ ⟨gǀk⟩ ⟨gǁk⟩ ⟨gǂk⟩ are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate ejective-contour clicks, /ᶢᵏǃ͡χʼ, ᶢᵏǀ͡χʼ, ᶢᵏǁ͡χʼ, ᶢᵏǂ͡χʼ/.
⟨gǃx⟩ ⟨gǀx⟩ ⟨gǁx⟩ ⟨gǂx⟩ are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four prevoiced affricate pulmonic-contour clicks, /ᶢᵏǃ͡χ, ᶢᵏǀ͡χ, ᶢᵏǁ͡χ, ᶢᵏǂ͡χ/.
⟨hhw⟩ is used for a labialized velar/uvular /χʷ/inChipewyan.
⟨hml⟩ is used for /m̥ˡ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨hny⟩ is used for /ɲ̥/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨hky⟩ is used for the aspirated voiceless post-alveolar affricate /t͡ʃʰ/ in some romanizations of Burmese ချ or ခြ.
⟨idh⟩ is used for an unstressed word-final /əj/inIrish, which is realised as /iː/, /ə/ and /əɟ/ depending on dialect.
⟨ieë⟩ represents /iː/inAfrikaans.
⟨igh⟩ is used for an unstressed word-final /əj/inIrish, which is realised as /iː/, /ə/ and /əɟ/ depending on dialect. In English it may be used for /aɪ/, e.g. light /laɪt/.
⟨ign⟩ is used for /ɲ/ in a few French words such as oignon /ɔɲɔ̃/ "onion" and encoignure "corner". It was eliminated in the French spelling reform of 1990, but continues to be used.
⟨ije⟩ is used for /je/or/jeː/ in the ijekavian reflex of Serbo-Croatian.
⟨ilh⟩ is used for /ʎ/inBreton.
⟨ill⟩ is used for /j/ in French, as in épouiller /epuje/.
⟨iqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /i᷽/ in the practical orthography of Taa. (If IPA does not display properly, it is an ⟨i⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
⟨iúi⟩ is used for /uː/ in Irish, between slender consonants.
⟨khu⟩ is used for /kʷʼ/inOssete.
⟨khw⟩ is used for /qʷʰ/ in Canadian Tlingit, which is written ⟨kw⟩ in Alaska.
⟨kkj⟩ is used for /çː/ in the Nynorsk Norwegian standard, e.g. in ikkje "not".
⟨kng⟩ is used for /ᵏŋ/inArrernte.
⟨k'u⟩ is used for /kʷʰ/inPurépecha.
⟨kwh⟩ is a common convention for /kʷʰ/.
⟨lhw⟩ is used for /l̪ʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨lli⟩ is used for /j/ after /i/ in a few French words, such as coquillier.
⟨lly⟩ is used for [jː ~ ʎː] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨ly⟩. It is collated as ⟨ly⟩ rather than as ⟨l⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨ly⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨lyly⟩.
⟨lyw⟩ is used for /ʎʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨nch⟩ is used for /ɲɟʱ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨ndl⟩ is used for /ndˡ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Xhosa is represents /ndɮ/.
⟨ndz⟩ is used for /ndz/ in Xhosa.
⟨ngʼ⟩ is used for /ŋ/inSwahili. Technically, it may be considered a digraph rather than a trigraph, as ⟨ʼ⟩ is not a letter of the Swahili alphabet.
⟨ngb⟩ is used for /ⁿɡ͡b/, a prenasalised ⟨gb⟩ /ɡ͡b/, in some African orthographies.
⟨ngc⟩ is used for /ŋǀʱ/ in Xhosa.
⟨ngg⟩ is used for /ŋɡ/ in several languages such as Filipino and Malay that use ⟨ng⟩ for /ŋ/.
⟨ngh⟩ is used for /ŋ/, before ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩, and ⟨y⟩, in Vietnamese. In Welsh, it represents a voiceless velar nasal (a⟨c⟩ under the nasal mutation). In Xhosa, ⟨ngh⟩ represents a murmured velar nasal.
⟨ng'h⟩ is used for voiceless /ŋ̊/inGogo.
⟨ngk⟩ is used for a back velar stop, /ⁿɡ̠ ~ ⁿḵ/, in Yanyuwa
⟨ngm⟩ is used for doubly articulated consonant /ŋ͡m/inYélî DnyeofPapua New Guinea.
⟨ngq⟩ is used for /ŋǃʱ/ in Xhosa.
⟨ngv⟩ is used for /ŋʷ/inBouyei and Standard Zhuang.
⟨ngw⟩ is used /ŋʷ/or/ŋɡʷ/ in the orthographies of several languages.
⟨ngx⟩ is used for /ŋǁʱ/ in Xhosa.
⟨nhw⟩ is used for /n̪ʷ/inArrernte.
⟨nkc⟩ is info for /ŋ.ǀ/ in Xhosa.
⟨nkh⟩ is used in for /ŋɡʱ/ the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nkp⟩ is used for /ⁿk͡p/, a prenasalized /k͡p/, in some African orthographies.
⟨nkq⟩ is used for the alveolar click /ŋ.ǃ/ in Xhosa.
⟨nkx⟩ is used for the prenasalized lateral click /ŋ.ǁ/ in Xhosa.
⟨nng⟩ is used in Inuktitut and Greenlandic to write a long (geminate) velar nasal, /ŋː/.
⟨nny⟩ is a long Hungarian ⟨ny⟩, [ɲː]. It is collated as ⟨ny⟩ rather than as ⟨n⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨ny⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨nyny⟩.
⟨nph⟩ is used for /mbʱ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨npl⟩ is used for /mbˡ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nqh⟩ is used for /ɴɢʱ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nrh⟩ is used for /ɳɖʱ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨ntc⟩ is used for the click /ᵑǂ/inNaro.
⟨nth⟩ is used for /ndʱ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In the transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages such as Yanyuwa it represents a dental stop, /n̪t̪ ~ n̪d̪/.
⟨ntj⟩ is used for /nt͡ʃ/inCypriot Arabic.
⟨ntl⟩ is used for /ntɬʼ/inXhosa.
⟨nts⟩ is used for /ɳɖʐ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong. In Malagasy it represents /ⁿts/.
⟨ntx⟩ is used for /ndz/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨nyh⟩ is used for /n̤ʲ/ in Xhosa. In Gogo it's voiceless /ɲ̊/.
⟨nyk⟩ is used for a pre-velar stop, /ⁿɡ̟ ~ ⁿk̟/inYanyuwa.
⟨nyw⟩ is used for /ɲʷ/inArrernte.
⟨nzv⟩ is used for the prenasalized whistled sibilant /ndz͎/inShona.
⟨nǃh⟩ is used for the alveolar murmured nasal click /ᵑǃʱ/inJuǀʼhoan
⟨nǀh⟩ is used for the dental murmured nasal click /ᵑǀʱ/ in Juǀʼhoan.
⟨nǁh⟩ is used for the lateral murmured nasal click /ᵑǁʱ/ in Juǀʼhoan.
⟨nǂh⟩ is used for the palatal murmured nasal click /ᵑǂʱ/ in Juǀʼhoan.
⟨mpt⟩ is used for the /w̃t/ sound in Portuguese.
⟨obh⟩ is used for /əu̯/ (/oː/inUlster) in Irish.
⟨odh⟩ is used for /əu̯/ (/oː/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨oeë⟩ is used for /uː/inAfrikaans.
⟨oei⟩ is used for /uiː/ in Dutch and Afrikaans.
⟨oen⟩ is that represents a Walloon nasal vowel.
⟨oeu⟩ is used for /ø/ and /øː/ in the Classical Milanese orthography for the Milanese dialect of Lombard.
⟨ogh⟩ is used for /əu̯/ (/oː/ in Ulster) in Irish.
⟨oin⟩ is used for /wɛ̃/ (/wɛn/ before a vowel) in French. In Tibetan Pinyin, it represents /ø̃/ and is alternately ön.
⟨oío⟩ is used for /iː/ in Irish, between broad consonants.
⟨omh⟩ is used for /oː/ in Irish.
⟨ooi⟩ is used for /oːi̯/inDutch and Afrikaans.
⟨oqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /o᷽/ in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an ⟨o⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
⟨plh⟩ is used for /pˡʰ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨pmw⟩ is used for /ᵖmʷ/inArrernte.
⟨pqb⟩ is used for /ᵖqᵇ/ in Soninke.
⟨p'h⟩ is used in Kuanua, in p'hoq̄e'ẽ "water".
⟨pss⟩ is used for /psˤ/inSilesian.
⟨que⟩ is used for final /k/ in some English words of French origin, such as macaque, oblique, opaque, and torque.
⟨quh⟩ is used for /k/ in several English names of Scots origin, such as Sanquhar, Farquhar, and Urquhartor/h/, as in Colquhoun.
⟨qxʼ⟩ is used for the affricate /qχʼ/ in the practical orthography of Taa.
⟨rds⟩ is used for the sje sound /ɧ/inSwedish in the word gärdsgård /'jæɧgo:ɖ/ "roundpole fence".
⟨rlw⟩ is used for /ɭʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨rnd⟩ is used for a retroflex stop /ɳʈ ~ ɳɖ/inYanyuwa.
⟨rng⟩ is used for [ɴŋ], a uvular nasal followed by velar nasal, in Inuktitut.
⟨rnw⟩ is used for /ɳʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨rrh⟩ is used for /r/ in words of Greek derivation such as diarrhea.
⟨rrw⟩ is used for /rʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨rsk⟩ is used for the sje sound /ɧ/inSwedish as in the word marskalk /'maɧalk/ "marshal".
⟨rtn⟩ is used for /ʈɳ/ in Arrernte.
⟨rtw⟩ is used for /ʈʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨sch⟩ is used for [ʃ]inGerman and other languages influenced by it such as Low German and Romansh. It is used for the sje sound /ɧ/inSwedish at the end of a French loanword; e.g., marsch (fr. marche), or in Greek loanwords, such as schema (schedule) and ischias. In Walloon, it represents a consonant that is variously /h/, /ʃ/, /ç/, or /sk/, depending on the dialect. In English, ⟨sch⟩ is usually used for /sk/, but the word schedule (from the Late Latin schedula) can be /sk/or/ʃ/ depending on dialect. In Dutch, it may represent word-final [s], as in the common suffix -isch and in some (sur)names, like Bosch and Den Bosch. In the Rheinische Dokumenta, ⟨sch⟩ is used to denote the sounds [ʃ], [ɕ] and [ʂ], while ⟨sch⟩ with an arc below denotes [ʒ].
⟨sci⟩ is used in Italian for /ʃː/ before ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩.
⟨shʼ⟩ is used in Bolivian Quechua for /ʂ/.
⟨shr⟩ is used in Gwich'in for [ʂ].
⟨skj⟩ represents a fricative phoneme /ʃ/ in some Scandinavian languages. In Faroese (e.g. at skjóta "to shoot") and in Norwegian (e.g. kanskje "maybe"), it is a usually the voiceless postalveolar fricative [ʃ]. In Swedish (e.g. skjorta "shirt") it is often realised as the sje sound [ɧ].
⟨ssi⟩ is used for /ʃ/ in English such as in mission. It is used in a few French loanwords in Swedish for the sje sound /ɧ/, e.g. assiett "dessert plate".
⟨ssj⟩ is used for the sje sound /ɧ/ in a few Swedish words between two short vowels, such as hässja "hayrack".
⟨sth⟩ is found in words of Greek origin. In French, it is pronounced /s/ before a consonant, as in isthme and asthme; in American English, it is pronounced /s/inisthmus and /z/inasthma.
⟨stj⟩ is used for the sje sound /ɧ/ in 5 native Swedish words, it can also represent the voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ or the consonant cluster /stʲ/inNorwegian depending on dialect.
⟨ssz⟩ is a long Hungarian ⟨sz⟩, [sː]. It is collated as ⟨sz⟩ rather than as ⟨s⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨sz⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨szsz⟩.
⟨sze⟩ is used for /siː/inCantonese romanization.
⟨s-c⟩ and ⟨s-cc⟩ are used for the sequence /stʃ/inPiedmontese.
⟨s-g⟩ and ⟨s-gg⟩ are used for the sequence /zdʒ/ in Piedmontese.
⟨tcg⟩ is used for the click /ǂχ/inNaro.
⟨tch⟩ is used for the aspirated click /ǂʰ/ in Naro, the aspirated affricate /tʃʰ/inSandawe, Hadza and Juǀʼhoan, and the affricate /tʃ/inFrench and Portuguese. In modern Walloon it is /tʃ/, which used to be written ch. In Swedish it is used for the affricate /tʃ/ in a small number of English loanwords, such as match and batch. In English it is a variant of the digraph ⟨ch⟩, used in situations similar to those that trigger the digraph ⟨ck⟩ for ⟨k⟩.
⟨tcx⟩ is used for the uvularized affricate /tʃᵡ/inJuǀʼhoan.
⟨thn⟩ and ⟨tnh⟩ are used for /ᵗ̪n̪/inArrernte.
⟨ths⟩ is used for /tsʰ/inXhosa. It is often replaced with the ambiguous trigraph ⟨tsh⟩.
⟨thw⟩ is used for /t̪ʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨tlh⟩ is used for /tɬʰ/ in languages such as Tswana, and is /tɬ/ in the fictional Klingon language from Star Trek, where it is treated as a single letter.
⟨tnh⟩ and ⟨thn⟩ are used for /ᵗ̪n̪/ in Arrernte.
⟨tnw⟩ is used for /ᵗnʷ/ in Arrernte.
⟨tny⟩ is used for /ᶜɲ/ in Arrernte.
⟨tsg⟩ is used for /tsχ/ in Naro.
⟨tsh⟩ is used in various languages, such as Juǀʼhoan, for the aspirated affricate /tsʰ/. In the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong, it represents the sound /tʂʰ/. In Xhosa, it may be used to write /tsʰ/, /tʃʼ/, or /tʃʰ/, though it is sometimes limited to /tʃʼ/, with /tsʰ/ and /tʃʰ/ distinguished as ⟨ths⟩ and ⟨thsh⟩.
⟨tsj⟩ is used for /tʃ/inDutch and Norwegian.
⟨tsv⟩ is used for the whistled sibilant affricate /ts͎/inShona.
⟨tsx⟩ is used for the uvularized affricate /tsᵡ/inJuǀʼhoan.
⟨tsy⟩ is used for /tʃ/or/dʒ/inSeneca, can also be ⟨j⟩.
⟨tsz⟩ is used for the syllables /t͡si/ and /t͡sʰi/inCantonese romanization.
⟨tth⟩ is used for dental affricate /tθʰ/inChipewyan.
⟨ttl⟩ is used for ejective /tɬʼ/inHaida (Bringhurst orthography).
⟨tts⟩ is used for ejective /tsʼ/ in Haida (Bringhurst orthography).
⟨tty⟩ is used for [cː] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨ty⟩. It is collated as ⟨ty⟩ rather than as ⟨t⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨ty⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨tyty⟩.
⟨txh⟩ is used for /tsʰ/ in the Romanized Popular Alphabet used to write Hmong.
⟨tyh⟩ is used for /tʲʰ/inXhosa.
⟨tyw⟩ is used for /cʷ/inArrernte.
⟨tze⟩ is used for /t͡si/inCantonese names (such as Cheung Tze-keung) or in Chinese names (such as Yangtze).
⟨uío⟩ is used for /iː/inIrish, between broad consonants.
⟨uqh⟩ is used for the strident vowel /u᷽/ in the practical orthography of Taa. (If this symbol does not display properly, it is an ⟨u⟩ with a double tilde ⟨≈⟩ underneath.)
⟨urr⟩ is used for /χʷ/inCentral Alaskan Yup'ik.
⟨xhw⟩ is used for /χʷ/ in Canadian Tlingit, which is written ⟨xw⟩ in Alaska.
⟨zzs⟩ is used for [ʒː] in Hungarian as a geminated ⟨zs⟩. It is collated as ⟨zs⟩ rather than as ⟨z⟩. It is only used within roots; when two ⟨zs⟩ are brought together in a compound word, they form the regular sequence ⟨zszs⟩.
⟨ŋgb⟩ (capital ⟨Ŋgb⟩) is used for [ŋ͡mɡ͡b]inKabiye, a pre-nasalized ⟨gb⟩.
⟨ǃʼh⟩ ⟨ǀʼh⟩ ⟨ǁʼh⟩ ⟨ǂʼh⟩ are used in Juǀʼhoan for its four aspirated nasal clicks, /ᵑ̊ǃʰ, ᵑ̊ǀʰ, ᵑ̊ǁʰ, ᵑ̊ǂʰ/.
⟨ǃkx⟩ ⟨ǀkh⟩ ⟨ǁkx⟩ ⟨ǂkx⟩ are used in Khoekhoe for its four plain aspirated clicks, /ǃʰ, ǀʰ, ǁʰ, ǂʰ/.
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