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Species of flowering plant
Glaucium flavum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade :
Tracheophytes
Clade :
Angiosperms
Clade :
Eudicots
Order:
Ranunculales
Family:
Papaveraceae
Genus:
Glaucium
Species:
G. flavum
Binomial name
Glaucium flavum
Crantz
Synonyms [1]
Chelidonium fulvum
Poir.
Chelidonium glaucium
L.
Chelidonium glaucum
Hill
Chelidonium littorale
Salisb.
Glaucium corniculatum var. braunianum
Kuntze
Glaucium corniculatum var. flavum
(Crantz) Kuntze
Glaucium corniculatum var. fulvum
(Sm.) Kuntze
Glaucium corniculatum f. grandiflorum
Kuntze
Glaucium corniculatum var. mauritanicum
Kuntze
Glaucium corniculatum f. sublobatum
Kuntze
Glaucium corniculatum var. tricolor
(Godr.) Kuntze
Glaucium fischeri
Bernh.
Glaucium flavum var. fulvum
(Sm.) Fedde
Glaucium flavum f. obtusilobum
Fedde
Glaucium flavum var. plenum
Halácsy
Glaucium flavum var. serpieri
(Heldr.) Halácsy
Glaucium flavum f. subleiocarpum
Kuzmanov & Gegova
Glaucium fulvum
Sm.
Glaucium glaucium (L.)
H.Karst. [Invalid]
Glaucium glaucum
Moench
Glaucium littorale
Salisb.
Glaucium luteum
Crantz [Illegitimate]
Glaucium luteum
Scop.
Glaucium luteum var. glabratum
Willk. & Lange
Glaucium luteum var. vestitum
Willk. & Lange
Glaucium maculatum
Szov.
Glaucium richardsonii
Bernh. ex Fedde
Glaucium serpieri
Heldr.
Glaucium flavum yellow horned poppy ,[2] yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy , is a summer flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae . It is native to Europe, Northern Africa, Macaronesia and temperate zones in Western Asia. The plant grows on the seashore and is never found inland. All parts of the plant, including the seeds, are toxic . It is classed as a noxious weed in some areas of North America, where it is an introduced species . It is grown in gardens as a short-lived perennial but usually grown as a biennial .
Description
[ edit ]
It has thick, leathery deeply segmented, wavy, bluish-grey leaves, which are coated in a layer of water-retaining wax. The sepal, petals and stamen have a similar structure and form to the red poppy (Papaver rhoeas ) , except the sepals are not hairy.[3] ft ) tall,[4] [5] [4] [6] [5] in ) across.[4] [5] [4] in ) long. It is divided into two chambers,[3] [4]
Taxonomy
[ edit ]
It was first published and described by Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz in 'Stirp. Austr. Fasc.' (Stirpium Austriarum) vol.2 on page 133 in 1763.[7] [1] [8] epithet flavum is Latin for yellow and indicates its flower colour.[9]
It is commonly known as sea-poppy ,[10] horned-poppy , and yellow horned-poppy .[5] [11]
G. flavum was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 25 May 1995, then updated on 9 May 2011,[11] Royal Horticultural Society .[5]
Distribution and habitat
[ edit ]
It is native to temperate regions of North Africa, Europe and parts of Western Asia.[11] [12]
Range
[ edit ] Growing in sand in Spain
It is found in North Africa, within Macaronesia , Canary Islands , Algeria , Libya , Tunisia and Morocco . Within Western Asia it is found in the Caucasus, Georgia , Cyprus , Egypt (in the Sinai ), Lebanon , Syria and Turkey . In eastern Europe, it is found within Ukraine . In middle Europe, it is in Belgium , Germany , Netherlands and Slovakia . In northern Europe, in Denmark , Ireland , Norway , Sweden and United Kingdom . In south-eastern Europe, within Albania , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Greece , Italy , Montenegro , Sicily and Malta , North Macedonia , Romania , and Slovenia . In southwestern Europe, it is found in France , Portugal and Spain .[11] [13]
Habitat
[ edit ]
It grows in coastal habitats on shingle banks and beaches,[6] [13] [4]
Toxicity
[ edit ]
It produces an orange foul-smelling sap, if cut open.[4] [4] respiratory failure , resulting in death.[14]
Culture
[ edit ]
It is referenced in various poems.
A poppy grows upon the shore,
Shorter Poems Robert Bridges .[15]
Sea Poppies:
Amber husk
H.D. [16]
Uses
[ edit ]
Glaucine is the main alkaloid component in Glaucium flavum .[17] Glaucine has bronchodilator and antiinflammatory effects, acting as a PDE4 and calcium channel blocker ,[18] antitussive in some countries.[19] sedation , fatigue , and a hallucinogenic effect characterised by colourful visual images,[20] [21] recreational drug .[22] Glaucium flavum see: National Agricultural Library .[23]
In the past, it was known in Hampshire , UK, as 'squatmore', and the roots were used to treat bruises ,[4] intestines .[10]
References
[ edit ]
^ a b L. J. F. Brimble (1947). Flowers in Britain . London: Macmillan and Co. p. 54.
^ a b c d e f g h i Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Wild Flowers of Britain . Reader's Digest . 1981. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-276-00217-5
^ a b c d e "Glaucium flavum" . rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ a b "Yellow horned-poppy Glucium flavum" . norfolkwildlifetrust.org.uk. Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ Crantz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk (1763). Stirpium Austriarum Fasciculus II
^ "Papaveraceae Glaucium flavum Crantz" . ipni.org. Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ Archibald William Smith A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins Google Books
^ a b W. T. Fernie Herbal Simples: Approved for Modern Uses of Cure (1897) Google Books
^ a b c d "Taxon: Glaucium flavum Crantz" . ars-grin.gov. Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ Hassler, M. (September 2017). "Accepted scientific name: Glaucium flavum Crantz (accepted name)" . catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ a b Cambrollé, Jesús; Redondo-Gómez, Susana; Mateos-Naranjo, Enrique; Luque, Teresa; Figueroa, Manuel Enrique (February 2011). "Physiological responses to salinity in the yellow-horned poppy, Glaucium flavum ". Plant Physiol Biochem . 49 2 ): 186–94. doi :10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.11.008 . PMID 21168338 .
^ Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. (Cooper & Johnson ed.2)
^ "The shorter poems of Robert Bridges (1890)" . Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ "Sea Poppies" . poetryfoundation.org. Retrieved 2 November 2017 .
^ G.B. Lapa; O.P. Sheichenko; A.G. Serezhechkin; O.N. Tolkachev (August 2004). "HPLC Determination of Glaucine in Yellow Horn Poppy Grass (Glaucium flavum Crantz )". Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal . 38 1 ): 441–442. doi :10.1023/B:PHAC.0000048907.58847.c6 . ISSN 0091-150X . S2CID 44040818 . S-(+)-Glaucine (C 21 H 25 NO 4 Glaucium luteum L. , syn. Glaucium flavum Crantz ) of the family Papaveraceae
^ Cortijo J, Villagrasa V, Pons R, Berto L, Martí-Cabrera M, Martinez-Losa M, Domenech T, Beleta J, Morcillo EJ (August 1999). "Bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activities of glaucine: In vitro studies in human airway smooth muscle and polymorphonuclear leukocytes" . British Journal of Pharmacology 127 (7 ): 1641–51. doi :10.1038/sj.bjp.0702702 . PMC 1566148 PMID 10455321 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ Rühle KH, Criscuolo D, Dieterich HA, Köhler D, Riedel G (May 1984). "Objective evaluation of dextromethorphan and glaucine as antitussive agents" . British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology . 17 5 ): 521–4. doi :10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02384.x . PMC 1463443 PMID 6375709 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ Rovinskiĭ VI (September 1989). "A case of hallucinogen-like action of glaucine. (Russian)". Klinicheskaia Meditsina (Mosk) . 67 9 ): 107–8. PMID 2586025 .
^ Rovinskiĭ VI (2006). "Acute glaucine syndrome in the physician's practice: the clinical picture and potential danger. (Russian)". Klinicheskaia Meditsina (Mosk) . 84 11 ): 68–70. PMID 17243616 .
^ Dargan PI, Button J, Hawkins L, Archer JR, Ovaska H, Lidder S, Ramsey J, Holt DW, Wood DM (May 2008). "Detection of the pharmaceutical agent glaucine as a recreational drug". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology . 64 5 ): 553–4. doi :10.1007/s00228-007-0451-9 . PMID 18204834 . S2CID 21348503 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ "NAL Catalog (AGRICOLA): Titles" . agricola.nal.usda.gov .
Other sources
[ edit ]
Pink, A. (2004). Gardening for the Million Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas,
Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt checklist. 1995 (L Egypt)
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning. 1998 (Cooper & Johnson ed2)
Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965–1988 (F Turk)
Farnsworth, N. R. & D. D. Soejarto Global importance of medicinal plants (unpublished draft manuscript rev. 23, 1988) (Import Medicinal Pl)
Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. 1991 (Glea Cron ed2)
Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984- (L Medit)
Grey-Wilson, C. Poppies: The poppy family in the wild and in cultivation. 1993 (Poppies) 41.
Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. (pers. comm.)
Hansen, A. & P. Sunding Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993 (L Macar ed4)
Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979 (Atlas WWeed)
Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 (L Canarias)
Janick, J. & J. Simon, eds. Advances in new crops. 1990 (Adv New Crops)
Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994 (L US Can ed2)
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934–1964 (F USSR)
Lazarides, M. & B. Hince CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993 (Econ Pl Aust)
Mabberley, D. J. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2. 1997 (Pl Book)
Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966- (F Liban)
Personal Care Products Council International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI)
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea, second edition. 1993 (F Eur ed2)
Wiersema, J. H. & B. León World economic plants: a standard reference (on-line edition) [medicinal plants only]. (World Econ Pl Med)
Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan Flora palaestina. 1966- (F Palest)
External links
[ edit ]
Glaucium flavum at Wikimedia Commons
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glaucium_flavum&oldid=1223451001 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● P a p a v e r o i d e a e ● F l o r a o f E u r o p e ● F l o r a o f N o r t h A f r i c a ● F l o r a o f M a c a r o n e s i a ● F l o r a o f t h e C a u c a s u s ● F l o r a o f C y p r u s ● F l o r a o f I r a n ● F l o r a o f L e b a n o n a n d S y r i a ● F l o r a o f T u r k e y ● P l a n t s d e s c r i b e d i n 1 7 6 3 H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 m a i n t : m u l t i p l e n a m e s : a u t h o r s l i s t ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● U s e d m y d a t e s f r o m M a r c h 2 0 2 4 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● C o m m o n s c a t e g o r y l i n k f r o m W i k i d a t a ● T a x o n b a r s w i t h 4 0 – 4 4 t a x o n I D s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 2 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 6 : 2 5 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
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