Glischrochilus (sometimes misspelled as Glisrochilus)[note 1] is a genus of sap-feeding and predatory beetles under the familyNitidulidae, subfamily Cryptarchinae.[1] Most members of this genus are commonly known as picnic beetlesorbeer bugs.
Glischrochilus are oblong shiny black beetles with attractive yellow, red, or orange markings on their elytra. Their elytra are short and expose the upper surface of their last abdominal segments, a good way to distinguish them from the superficially similar but generally larger Megalodacne beetles. They are so similar that some speciesofGlischrochilus were once classified along with Megalodacne under the now reclassified genus Ips.[2]
Like other nitulidid beetles, adult Glischrochilus can be distinguished from other kinds of sap-feeding beetles by their characteristic 11-segmented antennae that end with a 3-segmented ball-like club. Glischrochilus are among the largest of the nitulidid beetles, but they are still generally smaller in comparison to other beetles, averaging at only 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in length, with larger specimens at 12 mm (0.47 in) long.[3]
Glischrochilus eggs are sausage-shaped and milky white. Eggs are laid during spring near decaying plant matter. Larvae are about 6.4 mm (0.25 in) long and feed for three weeks on fermenting juices and then pupate. It takes a little over a month for picnic beetles to develop from egg to adult and only one generation is produced each year.[4][5]
Glischrochilus beetles from the subgenus Librodor, consisting the majority of species in the genus, feed on exuding sap from injured trees and decaying vegetable or fungal matter. They are also attracted to ripening fruits, as well as beer, vinegar, wine, fruit juice and fermenting beverages. They frequently drown as they feed, rendering these liquids unsuitable for consumption. They congregate in large numbers when such beverages are present, often ruining picnics and outdoor gatherings like barbecues, earning them their common names of 'picnic beetles', 'picnic bugs', or 'beer bugs'. Researchers who wish to attract the bugs use bait that contains beer, molasses, vinegar, pineapple and other ingredients.[5]
Glischrochilus are also known to be involved in the transmission of the plant pathogenicfungiCeratocystis and Fusarium.[7] They are also considered pests of certain fruit and vegetable crops like strawberries, corn, tomatoes, apricot, melons, raspberries, and peaches. They normally only become a problem when fruits are damaged or are overripe and beginning to ferment.[4][9] They are difficult to control as they are primarily attracted to the odor of food. Methods of control include scent baits and removing damaged or overripe fruits.[10]
^J. McNamara. "Family Nitidulidae (sap beetles)"(PDF). Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes. Archived(PDF) from the original on 26 June 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
Data related to Glischrochilus at Wikispecies
Media related to Glischrochilus at Wikimedia Commons
