The cakes are made from a dough of semolina, butter, and milk or water, and leavened with baking powder.[1] The dough may also contain some sugar. The dough is formed into rounds and then cooked on a hot griddle or flat pan. The use of semolina gives harcha a crumbly texture comparable to cornbread.[6]InRif, Morocco, buttermilkoryogurt, thinned with water, can be used instead of milk.[1]
Harcha can be made into small breads, or large ones the size of a truck tire.[1]
Harcha is commonly smeared with honey and butter, and served with mint tea during breakfast or as a snack.[1] It is also one of the breads consumed during Ramadan.[7]
It can also be served like a sandwich, stuffed with cheese or with meat confit. Finally, it can be crumbled and used as a tender bed for stew.[1]
Terminology for the bread may vary across Morocco and Algeria. Agronomy specialist Mike Sissons[8] for example mentions the term "mbesses" as a variant of harcha.[9] Mbesses however may instead refer to a sweet cake found in Algeria, also called Khobz Mbesses which has similar but not identical ingredients.[10]
In the late 19th century, Algerian bakers created a type of bread called El Khobz El Harcha, which was made by sprinkling semolina on the bread before putting it in the oven. This is clearly different from and should not be confused with Harcha, which is entirely made from semolina flour and other ingredients such as milk.[11]
In the rural hinterland of Algiers, it is commonly called harchâya, and the term ragda[12] is used elsewhere in Algeria.[12]
^Archive Marocaines, Publication de la Mission Scientifique du Maroc, 1907 volume 11, page 25.
^ abAnnales de l'Institut d'études orientales, Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient (1955). Université d'Alger. Institut d'études orientales, Volumes 13 à 14 de Annales de lʹInstitut d'études Orientales. pp. 20, 332.
