JULES (Joint UK Land Environment Simulator) is a land-surface parameterisation model scheme describing soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions.[1] JULES is a community led[citation needed] project which evolved from MOSES, the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (Met Office) Surface Exchange Scheme.[2] It can be used as a stand-alone model or as the land surface part of the Met Office Unified Model.[2] JULES has been used to help decide what tactics would be effective to help meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.[3] As well as use by the Met Office climate modelling group[4] a number of studies have cited JULES and used it as a tool to assess the effects of climate change, and to simulate environmental factors from groundwatertocarbon in the atmosphere.[5][6][7][8][9]
JULES has been described as the most accurate global carbon budget model of net ecosystem productivity, because it has more years of data than other models.[10]
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Atmospheric, oceanographic, cryospheric, and climate models
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