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José María Bocanegra

José María Bocanegra
Portrait of José María Bocanegra
3rd President of Mexico
In office 18 – 23 December 1829
Vice President	Anastasio Bustamante[a]
Preceded by	Vicente Guerrero
Succeeded by	Executive Trimuvate (ofLucas Alamán, Pedro Vélez, and Luis Quintanar) Anastasio Bustamante (as President)[b]
President of the Chamber of Deputies
In office 28 December 1826 – 31 January 1827
Preceded by	Juan Cayetano Portugal
Succeeded by	Juan Cayetano Portugal
Member of the Chamber of Deputies for Zacatecas
In office 1 January 1827 – 24 January 1829
Member of the National Institutional Junta for Zacatecas
In office 2 November 1822 – 29 March 1823
President of the Chamber of Deputies for Zacatecas
In office 24 February – 31 October 1822
Personal details
Born	(1787-05-25)25 May 1787 Labor de la Troje, Nueva Galicia, New Spain (now Calvillo, Aguascalientes, Mexico)
Died	23 July 1862(1862-07-23) (aged 75) Mexico City
Nationality	Mexican New Spanish (prior to 1821)
Political party	Popular

José María de los Dolores Francisco Germán del Espíritu Santo Bocanegra y Villalpando (Spanish pronunciation: [xosemaˈɾia βokaˈneɣɾa]; 25 May 1787^[1] – 23 July 1862) was a Mexican lawyer and statesman who was briefly interim president of Mexico on December, 1829 during a coup attempt against president Vicente Guerrero. He previously served in various government positions, including President of the Chamber of Deputies and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies for Zacatecas.

He was appointed interim president by congress while President Guerrero personally led his troops against the insurrection. Five days later the rebels stormed the National Palace and overthrew Bocanegra, upon which they set up an executive triumvirate led by Pedro Velez.

Bocanegra graduated from the Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City, becoming a lawyer. During the colonial period he was a lawyer for the Audiencia and a member of the College of Attorneys. He was vice-president of the Committee of Charity of the Hospice for the Poor. During the First Mexican Empire he supported Agustín de Iturbide's election to the throne, but opposed his later exercise of arbitrary power. He became a deputy to the first Mexican Constituent Congress in 1824.

Bocanegra entered the Chamber of Deputies in 1827, and on 26 January 1829, President Guadalupe Victoria named him Minister of Internal and External Relations. He continued to hold this position with the change of administration to Vicente Guerrero, until 1 April 1829.

On 4 December 1829, Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante rose in revolt against Guerrero (Plan de Jalapa). Guerrero received permission from Congress to take the field to combat the rebels. On 16 December 1829,^[2] Bocanegra was appointed interim president by Congress during Guerrero's absence by virtue of his position as president of the Supreme Court. He took office on December 18^[3] and served until 23 December 1829, for only six days. On the latter date, the military garrison of Mexico City joined the Plan de Jalapa and withdrew recognition of Bocanegra. They installed an executive triumvirateofPedro Vélez, Lucas Alamán and Luis de Quintanar. Bocanegra returned to his professional duties as a lawyer.

Later, Bocanegra was Minister of the Treasury under Presidents Valentín Gómez Farías and Antonio López de Santa Anna (26 April 1833 to 12 December 1833) and Minister of External Relations and of the Treasury under presidents Santa Anna, Nicolás Bravo and Valentín Canalizo (through 18 August 1844).

Bocanegra was known as an honorable and capable man who was uncomfortable participating in politics but felt it to be his duty to do so. He wrote the Memorias para la Historia de México Independiente. His nephew Francisco González Bocanegra was the author of the Himno Nacional Mexicano (the Mexican National Anthem). José María Bocanegra died on 23 July 1862 in the Federal District.

• List of heads of state of Mexico

• (in Spanish)『Bocanegra, José María』Enciclopedia de México. Mexico City, 1996, ISBN 1-56409-016-7.
• (in Spanish) Appendini, Guadalupe, Aguascalientes. 46 personajes en su historia. México, Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes, 1992.
• (in Spanish) García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 2. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
• (in Spanish) Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, ISBN 968-38-0260-5.

• (in Spanish) Short biography
• (in Spanish) Brief biography