The building was the London home of painter Frederic Leighton, 1st Baron Leighton (1830–1896), who commissioned the architect and designer George Aitchison to build him a combined home and studio noted for its incorporation of tiles and other elements purchased in the Near East to build a magnificent Qa'a (room). The resulting building, completed between 1866 and 1895 on the privately owned Ilchester Estate, is now Grade II* listed. It is noted for its elaborate Orientalist and aesthetic interiors.[1]
Aitchison designed the first part of the house (2 Holland Park Road, later renumbered as 12) in 1864, although Leighton was not granted a lease on the land until April 1866.[5] Building commenced shortly afterwards, and the house, which cost £4500, equivalent to £558,877 in 2023, was ready for occupation by the end of the year.[6] The building is of red Suffolk bricks with Caen Stone dressings in a restrained Classical style.
The architect extended the building over 30 years; the first phase was only three windows wide. The main room was the first-floor studio, facing north, originally 45 by 25 feet, with a large central window to provide plenty of light for painting. There was also a gallery at the east end and a separate staircase for use by models.[6] The house was extended to the east in 1869–70. Additionally, a major extension was made in 1877-79: the two-storey "Arab Hall", built to house Leighton's collection of tiles collected during visits to the Middle East.[6]
According to Aitchison and Walter Crane, the design was based on the palace of La ZisainPalermo.[7] The 17th-century tiles are complemented by carved wooden lattice-work windows of the same period from Damascus. There are also large 16th-century Turkish tiles. The west wall has a wooden alcove with inset 14th-century tiles.
The room also contains Victorian elements. The capitals of the smaller columns are by Sir Joseph Boehm, from Aitchison's designs. The capitals of the large columns, gilded and carved in the shape of birds, are by Randolph Caldecot. The mosaic frieze was designed by Walter Crane. The marble work was by George P. White. Elaborate decorative paintwork adorns the domed ceiling and in the centre of the floor is a small fountain. The tiles in the passage to the Arab Hall are by William De Morgan.
In 1889, an additional winter studio was added to the building. The final addition by Aitchison was the top-lit picture gallery in 1895. After Leighton died in 1896, the contents of the house were sold, including at least one thousand of his own drawings, almost all of which were bought by the Fine Art Society. In 1927 Mrs Henry Perrin offered to pay for additional gallery space. The building was extended to the designs of Halsey Ricardo and the Perrin Galleries opened in 1929.[6] This extension was in memory of Mrs Perrin's daughter Muriel Ida Perrin, an artist and sculptor[8] who had trained at the Royal College of Art[9] and worked for the catalogue section of the Aircraft Manufacturing Company (Airco) during the First World War.
Antonio Rossellino's carved and coloured reliefMadonna of the Candleabra, which had been in Leighton's collection, sold after his death and re-acquired by the museum in 2006.
The building is run by Kensington and Chelsea Borough Council. In 2009 Nicholas Paget-Brown launched the Cultural Placemaking initiative as part of the council's Arts and Culture Policy. He explained that the plan was to build on the work of Opera Holland Park and Leighton House Museum to develop a broader coherent strategy to encourage developers to consider the council's creative and artistic ambitions when working on a development project.[11]
A major £8 million refurbishment,[12][13] including an updated new wing, based on 20th-century additions to the original house, opened on 15 October 2022.[14] The wing includes additional exhibition spaces and displays, a café facing the restored garden, a learning centre, and a store for the collections. Step-free access throughout was also added.[15] A new spiral staircase includes a circular mural "Oneness" by Shahrzad Ghaffari.[16]
Barrington, Russell, Mrs (1906). The life, letters and work of Frederic Leighton (2 Volumes). London: George Allen.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)Volume 1, Volume 2
Millner, Arthur (2015). Damascus Tiles: Mamluk and Ottoman Architectural Ceramics from Syria. Munich: Prestel. ISBN978-3-7913-8147-3.
