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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Boot messages of a Linux kernel 2.6.25.17
The basic components of the Linux family of operating systems, which are based on the Linux kernel , the GNU C Library , BusyBox or forks thereof like μClinux and uClibc , have been programmed with a certain level of abstraction in mind. Also, there are distinct code paths in the assembly language or C computer architectures .
Furthermore, the required free and open-source software has also been developed to interface between Linux and the hardware Linux is to be executed on. For example, compilers are available, e.g. GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) and LLVM /Clang . For cross-compilation a number of complete toolchains are available, like GNU toolchain , OpenWrt Buildroot or OpenEmbedded . The Yocto Project is targeted at embedded use cases.
The portability section of the Linux kernel article contains information and references to technical details.
Note that further components like a windowing system , or programs like Blender , can be present or absent. Fundamentally any software has to be ported, i.e. specifically adapted, to any kind of hardware it is supposed to be executed on. The level of abstraction that has been kept in mind while programming that software in the first place dictates the necessary effort.
The relevant term is of the porting target is computer architecture ; it comprises the instruction set (s ) and the microarchitecture (s ) of the processor (s ), at least of the CPU . The target also comprises the "system design" of the entire system, be it a supercomputer , a desktop computer or some SoC , e.g. in case some unique bus is being used. In former times, the memory controller was part of the chipset on the motherboard and not on the CPU-die .
Although the support of a specific instruction set is the task of the compiler, the software must be written with a certain level of abstraction in mind to make this portability possible. Any code written in Assembly language will be specific to the instruction set.
The support of a specific microarchitecture includes optimizations for the CPU cache hierarchy, the TLB , etc.
Releases [ edit ]
DEC Alpha (alpha)
Intel (Altera) NIOS II ARM - nios2
Analog Devices
Blackfin (supported since 2.6.22[1] [2] blackfin)
Andes Technology NDS32 (nd32)[3]
ARM family of instruction sets (32- and 64-bit) (arm and arm64):
Atmel AVR32 (dropped since 4.12[7] avr32)
C-SKY[8]
Elbrus-8S
Axis Communications ' ETRAX CRIS (dropped since 4.17)
Texas Instruments TMS320 family of DSPs from Texas Instruments
TMS320C64x (c6x)[9]
Freescale 's (formerly Motorola 's) 68k architecture (68020, 68030, 68040, 68060) (m68k):
Fujitsu FR-V (dropped since 4.17) (frv)
Qualcomm Hexagon (hexagon)
Hewlett-Packard 's PA-RISC (parisc)
H8 architecture from Renesas Technology, formerly Hitachi (dropped since 5.19) (h8300) [10]
International Business Machines (IBM )
Imagination META [11]
Intel IA-64 Itanium, Itanium II (dropped since 6.7) (ia64)[12] [13]
x86 architecture (x86):
IBM PC compatibles using IA-32 and x86-64 processors:
Intel 80386 (dropped since 3.8), 80486 , and their AMD , Cyrix , Texas Instruments and IBM variants
The entire Pentium series and its Celeron and Xeon variants
Intel Core processors
AMD 5x86, K5 , K6 , Athlon (all 32-bit versions), Duron , Sempron
x86-64 : 64-bit processor architecture, now officially known as AMD64 (AMD) or Intel64 (Intel); supported by the Athlon 64 , Opteron and Intel Core 2 processors, among others
Cyrix 5x86, 6x86 (M1), 6x86MX and MediaGX (National/AMD Geode) series
VIA Technologies Eden (Samuel II), VIA C3 , and VIA C7 processors (all 32-bit) and VIA Nano (x86-64)
Microsoft 's Xbox (Pentium III processor), through the Xbox Linux project
SGI Visual Workstation (Pentium II/III processor(s ) with SGI chipset)
PC-98NX (models from 1997 to 2000)
FM Towns
Sun Microsystems Sun386i workstation (80386 and 80486)
Support for 8086 , 8088 , 80186 , 80188 and 80286 CPUs is under development (the ELKS fork)[14]
M32R from Mitsubishi (dropped since 4.17) (m32r)
MicroBlaze from Xilinx (microblaze)
MIPS architecture (mips):
MN103 from Panasonic Corporation (dropped since 4.17) (mn10300)
OpenRISC (openrisc)
OpenRISC 1000 family in the mainline Linux Kernel as of 3.1
Beyond Semiconductor OR1200
Beyond Semiconductor OR1210
Power ISA :
PowerPC architecture (powerpc):
RISC-V (riscv)
SPARC (sparc)
SPARC (32-bit):
UltraSPARC (64-bit):
Sunway [citation needed
SuperH (sh
Synopsys DesignWare ARC cores , originally developed by ARC International (arc)
S+core (dropped since 4.17) (score)
Tilera (dropped since 4.17)
Xtensa from Tensilica
Transmeta Crusoe
UniCore32 (dropped since 5.9) (unicore32) [18]
Additional processors (particularly Freescale's 68000 and ColdFire ) are supported by the MMU-less μClinux variant.
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ "Linux_4.17 - Linux Kernel Newbies" . kernelnewbies.org . Retrieved 2024-04-15 .
^ "Linux Kernel Driver DataBase: CONFIG_ARCH_ARC: Archimedes" . cateee.net . Retrieved 2021-01-05 .
^ "ARM Linux - Acorn - Overview" . www.arm.linux.org.uk . Retrieved 2021-01-05 .
^ "Linux on Palm Tungsten E" . palmtelinux.sourceforge.net . Retrieved 2024-04-15 .
^ "Kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree" .
^ "Csky « arch - kernel/Git/Torvalds/Linux.git - Linux kernel source tree" .
^ "Arch/C6x: New architecture port for linux [LWN.net]" .
^ "[GIT PULL] asm-generic changes for 5.19 - Arnd Bergmann" . kernel.org .
^ "Meta Linux Kernel Port [LWN.net]" .
^ "Remove IA-64 architecture support" . kernel.org .
^ "ChangeLog-6.7" . kernel.org .
^ "ELKS: The Embeddable Linux Kernel System" . elks.sourceforge.net . Retrieved 2024-04-15 .
^ "uClinux on the PSP" . web.archive.org . 2007-01-14. Retrieved 2024-04-15 .
^ Dream Multimedia DM 800 PVR technical data Archived 2008-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Dream Multimedia DM 500 + technical data" . Archived from the original on 2008-05-30.
^ "[GIT PULL] remove unicore32 support - Mike Rapoport" . kernel.org .
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Linux-supported_computer_architectures&oldid=1223156253 " C a t e g o r y : ● L i n u x k e r n e l H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s n e e d i n g c l e a n u p f r o m A p r i l 2 0 1 8 ● A l l p a g e s n e e d i n g c l e a n u p ● C l e a n u p t a g g e d a r t i c l e s w i t h a r e a s o n f i e l d f r o m A p r i l 2 0 1 8 ● W i k i p e d i a p a g e s n e e d i n g c l e a n u p f r o m A p r i l 2 0 1 8 ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m N o v e m b e r 2 0 2 3
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 0 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 7 : 2 6 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
