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(Top) 1 Khamag Mongol (1120s–1206) 2 Mongol Empire (1206–1368) 2.1 Great Khans and Yuan dynasty 2.2 Golden Horde 2.2.1 Left wing (White Horde) 2.2.2 Right wing (Blue Horde) 2.2.3 Great Horde (1466–1502) 2.3 Ilkhanate 2.3.1 Chobanids (1335–1357) 2.3.2 Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432) 2.3.3 Injuids (1335–1357) 2.3.4 Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?) 2.4 Chagatai Khanate 2.4.1 Western Chagatai Khanate 2.4.2 Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan) 2.4.2.1 Turpan Khanate 2.4.2.2 Yarkent Khanate 2.4.3 Kara Del (1383–1513) 3 Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635) 4 Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691) 4.1 Tüsheet Khans 4.2 Jasagtu Khans 4.3 Sechen Khans 4.4 Altan Khan of the Khalkha 5 Oirats 5.1 Four Oirat (1399–1634) 5.2 Dzungar Khanate 5.3 Khans of Khoshut Khanate 5.4 Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century) 5.5 Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate 6 Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924) 7 See also 8 References 8.1 Citations 8.2 Sources

List of Mongol rulers

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8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire.

Mongol Empire and its fragmentation

Imperial Seal of the Mongols

Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan

The following is a list of Mongol rulers.

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Khamag Mongol (1120s–1206)[edit]

Ruler	Reign	Information
Kaidu	1030 - 1060	The first Khan to unite the Mongol clans^[1]
Khabul Khan	c. 1130 - 1148	The first Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation^[2]
Ambaghai Khan	1148 - 1156	The second Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Hotula Khan	1156 - 1161	The third Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Yesugei	c. 1160 - 1171	De facto ruler of the Khamag Mongol confederation
Genghis Khan	1160 - 1206	Chieftain of the Borjigin clan

Mongol Empire (1206–1368)[edit]

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty[edit]

Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor').

With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.

B. Sumiyabaatar/ Б.Сумьяабаатар, "Чинcгий алтан ургийн үгийн бичиг ба гэрийн үеийн бичмэл", "Genealogy of Mongols", 720 pp., ISBN 99929-5-552-X

Ruler	Reign	Information
Genghis Khan	1206 - 1227	The first Khan of the Mongol Empire
Tolui Khan	1227 - 1229	Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan
Ögedei Khan	September 13, 1229 - December 11, 1241	The second Khan of the Mongol Empire
Töregene Khatun	1242 - 1246	Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan
Güyük Khan	August 24, 1246 - April 20, 1248	The third Khan of the Mongol Empire
Oghul Qaimish	1248 - 1251	Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251
Möngke Khan	July 1, 1251 - August 11, 1259	The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire
Ariq Böke	August 11, 1259 - August 12, 1264	Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War.
Kublai Khan	December 18, 1271 - February 18, 1294	The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Temür Khan	May 10, 1294 - February 10, 1307	The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Külüg Khan	June 21, 1307 - January 27, 1311	The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan	April 7, 1311 - March 1, 1320	The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Gegeen Khan	April 19, 1320 - September 4, 1323	The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Yesün Temür	October 4, 1323 - August 15, 1328	The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Ragibagh Khan	October 1328 - November 14, 1328	The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür	October 16, 1328 - February 26, 1329^[3] (first reign) September 8, 1329 – September 2, 1332 (second reign)	The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Khutughtu Khan Kusala	February 27, 1329 - August 30, 1329	The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür.
Rinchinbal Khan	October 23, 1332 – December 14, 1332	The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Toghon Temür	July 19, 1333 – September 10, 1368^[3]	The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.

Golden Horde[edit]

Batu Khan (1227–1255)
Sartaq (1255–56)
Ulaghchi (1257)
Berke (1257–1266)
Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
Tuda Mengu (1282–1287)
Talabuga (1287–1291)
Toqta (1291–1312)
Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
Tini Beg (1341–1342)
Jani Beg (1342–1357)
Berdi Beg (1357–1361)
Qulpa (1359–1360)
Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
Khidr (1361–1362)
Timur Khwaja (1362)
Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai
Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai
Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai
Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was Mamai
Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
Toqtaqiya (1377)
Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was Mamai
Timur-Malik (1377–1378)
Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu
Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
Temür (1410–1412)
Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)
Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414)
Karimberdi
Kebeg
Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
Baraq (1422–1427)
Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459)
Mahmud (1459–1465)
Ahmed (1465–1481)
Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
Murtada (1498–1499)

Left wing (White Horde)[edit]

Orda (1226–1251)
Qun Quran (1251–c.1280)
Köchü (c.1280–1302)
Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
Sasibuqa (1309–1315)
Ilbasan (1315–1320)
Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344)
Chimtay (1344–1374)
Urus (1374–1376)
Toqtaqiya (1376)
Timur-Malik (1377)
Tokhtamysh (1377–1378)
Koiruchik (1378–1399)
Baraq (1423–1428)
Muhammed (1428–1431)
Mustafa (1431–1446)

Ögedei Khanete

Kaydu Ulus

Yenisei Kingdom

Melig
Ayachi
Abdullah
Tuman
Taywan
Timürci
Arg Temur
Hutulugtumor

Right wing (Blue Horde)[edit]

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

Ruler	Reign	Information
Batu Khan	1227 - 1255	The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde).
Sartaq Khan	1256 - 1257	The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Ulaghchi	1257	The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism.
Berke Khan	1257 - 1266	The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War.
Mengu-Timur	1266 - 1280	The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tode Mongke	1280 - 1287	The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Talabuga	1287 - 1291	The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Toqta	1291 - 1312	The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Özbeg Khan	1313 - 1341	The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tini Beg	1341 - 1342	The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Jani Beg	1342 - 1357	The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Berdi Beg	1357 - 1359	The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Qulpa	August 1359 - February 1360	The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Nawruz Beg	1360	The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Khiḍr Khan	1360 - 1361	The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Timur Khwaja	1361	The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Ordu Malik	1361	The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Kildi Beg	1361 - 1362	The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Abdallāh	1361 - 1370	The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulun Beg Khanum	1370 - 1371	The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Muhammad Sultan	1370/1371 - 1379	The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulak	1379 - 1380	The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.

Great Horde (1466–1502)[edit]

Ilkhanate[edit]

Hülëgü (1256–1265)
Abaqa (1265–1282)
Tekuder (1282–1284)
Arghun (1284–1291)
Gaykhatu (1291–1295)
Baydu (1295)
Ghazan (1295–1304)
Öljaitü (1304–1316)
Abu Sa'id (1316–1335)
Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet)
Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341–1343)
Jahan Temür (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Chobanids (1335–1357)[edit]

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)[edit]

Injuids (1335–1357)[edit]

Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)[edit]

Chagatai Khanate[edit]

Chagatai Khan 1226–1242
Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252
Yesü Möngke 1246–1252
Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
Mubarak Shah 1252–1260
- Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260
Alghu 1260–1266
Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
Baraq 1266–1270
Negübei 1270–c. 1272
Buqa Temür c. 1272–1287
Duwa 1287–1307
Könchek 1306–1308
Taliqu 1308–1309
Kebek 1309 d. 1325
Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318
Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325
Eljigidey 1325–1329
Duwa Temür 1329–1330
Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334
Buzan 1334–1335
Changshi 1335–1338
Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with...
'Ali-Sultan 1342
Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343
Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343–1346
Danishmendji 1346–1348

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate[edit]

Bayan Qulï 1348–1358
Shah Temür 1358
Tughlugh Timur (in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363
Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368
Adil-Sultan 1363
Khabul Shah 1364–1370

From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

Suurgatmish 1370–1388
Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1402

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)[edit]

Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

Turpan Khanate[edit]

Yarkent Khanate[edit]

Kara Del (1383–1513)[edit]

Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)[edit]

Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):

Toghon Temür (1368–1370)
Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378)
Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388)
Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1391) – descendant of Ariq Böke
Engke Khan (1391–1394) – descendant of Ariq Böke
Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1394–1399)
Gün Temür Khan (1399–1402) – descendant of Ariq Böke
Örüg Temür Khan (nickname Guilichi) (1402–1408) – descendant of Ögedei
Öljei Temür Khan (Bunyashiri) (1408–1412)
Delbeg Khan (Dalbag) (1412–1415) – descendant of Ariq Böke
Oyiradai (1415–1425) – descendant of Ariq Böke
Adai Khan (1425–1438) – descendant of Ögedei
Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452)
Agbarjin (1453)
Esen taishi – the leader of the Oirats (1453–1454) – non-Chingisid
Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
Molon Khan (1465–1466)
Manduul Khan (1475–1478)
Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) (1478–1516)
Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy)
Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547)
Daraisung Guden Khan (1547–1557)
Tümen Jasagtu Khan (1557–1592)
Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604)
Ligdan Khan (1604–1634)
Ejei Khan (1634–1635)

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)[edit]

Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans[edit]

Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)
Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)

Jasagtu Khans[edit]

Laikhur Khan
Subandai Khan
Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
Chambun Khan (1670?–)
Zenggün
Shara (d. 1687)

Sechen Khans[edit]

Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.
Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

Altan Khan of the Khalkha[edit]

Ubasi Khong Tayiji (Shului Ubasha Khong Tayiji) (?–1623)
Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–?)
Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji (or Lobdzang or Rinchen Sayin Khong Tayiji) (1658–1691)

Oirats[edit]

Four Oirat (1399–1634)[edit]

Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
Esen (1438–1454)
Amasanj (1454–1455)
Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
Khishig Urlugh
Arkhan Chingsang

Dzungar Khanate[edit]

Khara Khula (d. 1634)
Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653)
Sengge (1653–1670)
Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1670–1697)
Tsewang Arabtan (1694–1727)
Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745)
Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749)
Lamdarja (1749–1752)
Dawachi (1752–1755)

Khans of Khoshut Khanate[edit]

Güshi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)

Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)[edit]

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate[edit]

Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
Puntsuk (1661–1669)
Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)[edit]

Ruler	Photo	Reign	Seal	Information
Bogd Khan		December 29, 1911 - May 20, 1924		The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu.

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

^ René Grousset. "Le conquérant du monde: vie de Gengis-Khan". www.rulit.me. Retrieved 1 December 2019.

^ Кычанов Е. И. (1995). Жизнь Темучжина, думавшего покорить мир: Чингис-хан. Личность и эпоха (2-е изд., перераб. и доп ed.). Moscow: Издательская фирма «Восточная литература» РАН; Школа-Пpecc. p. 18. ISBN 5-02-017390-8.

^ ^a ^b Moule 1957, p. 104.

Sources[edit]

Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi

Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols

Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368

William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5

Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system

Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC-AD 1949. London: Routledge. OCLC 223359908.

Ethnic groups

Other

See also: Donghu and Xianbei · Turco-Mongol
^*Mongolized ethnic groups.^**Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.

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