Contents

List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela

The non-marine molluscsofVenezuela are a part of the molluscan fauna of Venezuela (which is part of the wildlife of Venezuela). Non-marine molluscs are the snails, clams and mussels that live in freshwater habitats, and the snails and slugs that live on land. Sea-dwelling molluscs are not included in this list.

A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Venezuela.

Historical background[edit]

Studies on the knowledge of the Venezuelan malacofauna begin in the nineteenth century with the work of German malacologist Eduard von Martens around 1873 who published the first list of the mollusks Venezuela.^[1] Three years later the German-Venezuelan Adolfo Ernst, taking as its starting point and extending Martens list, published a second list in 1876.^[2] Subsequent to these two pioneering nineteenth century works, only sporadic descriptions were published in foreign publications. It took about half a century for new listings of malacofauna of Venezuela to be published, this time by American H. B. Baker in the mid-1920s.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8]}

Following Baker's work is beginning to make as many Venezuelan species descriptions and numerous national and regional listings including listings include: Adolfo Lutz, who in 1928 lists and makes observations on malacofauna Valencia lake and surrounding areas,^[9] H. Richards G. Hummelinck & P. W. Malacofauna 1940 describing the island of Margarita,^[10] Arias in 1952 and 1953 in which he describes the fauna of the regions of Baruta, El Hatillo and Perija region;^[11][12] Thompson, who in 1957 described the shellfish National Park Henri Pittier and surrounding areas;^[13] Martinez and Miranda in 1968 described pulmonate molluscs of Caracas and surrounding areas,^[14] Fernández in 1982, which describes sitecueros of slugs and Venezuela,^[15] Martinez et al. in 2004 which states bivalve fauna Venezuela freshwater,^[16] Lasso and collaborators in 2009 which describes the fauna of the basin of the Orinoco.^[17]

Diversity[edit]

The Venezuelan malacofauna not marine mollusks is composed of classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia, presenting a greater diversity of species in the gastropod.

In the freshwater gastropod families with more species are Ampullariidae (35 spp.) And Planorbidae (15 spp.).^[8][14][17] In terrestrial gastropods include Ortalicidae (35 spp.) and Subulinidae (16 spp.).^{[6][7][11][12][13]}

Among the bivalve families with more species are Mycetopodidade (17 spp.) and Hyriidae (10 spp.)^[16][17]

Regarding the introduced species, the largest number of species is between terrestrial mollusks, primarily on families Subulinidae (6 spp.), Limacidae (4 spp.) And Helicidae (3 spp.)^{[14][15][18][19]}

Distribution[edit]

The Venezuelan malacofauna marina not primarily distributed throughout the entire Venezuelan territory, but the greatest number of species and greater distribution has been reported for the river basin Orinoco.^[16][17] The vast majority of species usually live in areas calm water pipes or flooding of rivers and lakes. Many of the species usually have local distributions such as slugs and seven of leathers that often live primarily in the areas of cultivation in the north and the Andean region,^[14][15] However extend very widely distributed species that can be located throughout the country as in the case of molluscs Ampullariidae amphibians and within the family which include Marisa cornuarietis,^[8][20] Pomacea urceus (Guarura),^{[8][21][22][20]} Pomacea glauca,^[8][20] Pomacea dolioides.^[8][20][23] Among the highlights landshells Megalobulimus oblongus (Guacara).^{[7][11][12][13][20]}

In relation to introduced species is noteworthy that some of it was spread widely by middle natural environment among them are: Achatina fulica (Giant African Snail),^[24][25] Arion subfuscus^[15] Subulina octona,^[7][10][26] and Thiara granifera^[17][18][20] Melanoides tuberculata.^[17][18][20]

List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela[edit]

The list of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela consists of:

• Freshwater gastropods: 9 families, 19 genera, 82 species.
• Terrestrial gastropods: 26 families, 58 genera, 116 species.
• Freshwater bivalves: 5 families, 11 genera, 31 species.

In total 30 families are listed, 88 genera and 229 species.

Freshwater gastropods[edit]

Freshwater gastropods include:

Ampullariidae

• Asolene crassa (Swainson, 1823)^[17][27]
• Marisa cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1758)^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea amazonica (Revee, 1856)^[17]
• Pomacea aurostoma (Lea, 1856)^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea avellana (Sowerby, 1909)^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea bridgesi (Reeve, 1856) (Introduced species)^[18]
• Pomacea camena (Pain, 1956)^[17][27][28]
• Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) (Introduced species)^[18]
• Pomacea chemnitzii (Philippi, 1887)^[8]
• Pomacea cingulata (Philippi, 1851)^[8][29]
• Pomacea crassa (Swainson, 1823)^[17]
• Pomacea dolioides (Revee, 1856)^[17][23][27]
• Pomacea eximia (Dunker, 1853)^{[8][17][27][29]}
• Pomacea falconensis Pain y Arias, 1958^[17][27][30]
• Pomacea glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)^{[8][11][17][27]}
• Pomacea glauca crocostoma (Philippi, 1852)^[8][29]
• Pomacea glauca gevesensis (Deshayes, 1801)^[8]
• Pomacea glauca luteostoma (Swainson, 1822 )^[8]
• Pomacea glauca orinocensis (Troschel, 1848)^[8]
• Pomacea haustrum (Revee, 1856)^[20]
• Pomacea interrupta (Sowerby, 1909)^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827)^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea minuscula Baker 1930^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea nobilis (Revee, 1856)^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea oblonga (Swainson, 1823)^[17][27]
• Pomacea papyracea (Spix, 1827)^[8][17][27]
• Pomacea patula (Revee, 1856)^[17][27]
• Pomacea semitecta (Mousson, 1873)^[17][27]
• Pomacea superba (Marshall, 1928)^[17]
• Pomacea swainsoni (Revee, 1856)^[8]
• Pomacea tamsiana (Philippi, 1852)^[29]
• Pomacea urceus (Müller, 1774)^{[8][17][21][22][27]}
• Pomacea urceus guyanensis (Lamarck, 1810)^[31]
• Pomacea urceus olivacea (Spix, 1827)^[20]
• Pomacea vexillun (Revee, 1856)^[8][17][27]

Ancylidae

• Gundlachia saulcyana (Bourguignat, 1853)^[17][27][32]
• Hebetancylus moricandi (D’Orbigny, 1837)^[17][27][32]

Hydrobiidae

• Pyrgophorus coronatus (Pfeiffer, 1840)^[8][33]
• Pyrgophorus ernesti (Martens, 1873)^[8]
• Pyrgophorus globulus (Baker, 1930)^[8]
• Pyrgophorus parvulus (Guilding, 1828)^[8]
• Pyrgophorus putialis (Baker, 1930)^[8]
• Pyrgophorus platyrachis Thompson, 1968^[34]

Lymnaeidae
There are two native and four introduced species of Lymnaeidae in Venezuela:^[35]

• Lymnaea meridensis Bargues, Artigas & Mas-Coma, 2011 - synonym: Galba cousini (Jousseaume, 1887)^[36] hitherto known from Venezuelan highlands^[37] - native^[35]
• Galba neotropica (Bargues, Artigas, Mera y Sierra, Pointier & Mas-Coma, 2007) - native^[35]
• Galba cubensis (Pfeiffer, 1839)^[8][14][17] - introduced from the Caribbean area^[35]
• Pseudosuccinea columella (Say, 1817)^[14][17] - introduced from the Caribbean area^[35]
• Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774) - introduced from the Old World,^[35]
• Galba viatrix (D’Orbigny, 1835) from Venezuela^[17][27] was identified as Galba truncatula^[35]
• Galba schirazensis (Küster, 1862) - introduced from the Old World^[35]

Neritidae

• Neritina meleagris (Lamarck, 1822)^{[4][20][33][38][39][40]}
• Neritina piratica Russell, 1943^[20][39][40]
• Neritina puncticulata (Lamarck, 1816)^[20]
• Neritina reclivata (Say, 1822)^{[17][20][33][38][39][40][41]}
• Neritina virginea (Linnaeus 1758)^{[17][20][38][40]}

Pachychilidae

• Doryssa atra (Bruguièri, 1792)^{[8][17][27][42][43]}
• Doryssa consolidata (Bruguièri, 1789)^[8][42][44]
• Doryssa grunei (Jonas, 1844)^[8]
• Doryssa lamarckiana (Brot, 1870)^[8][42][45]
• Doryssa hohenackeri (Philippi, 1851)^[17][46]
• Doryssa kappleri (Vernhout, 1914)^{[17][27][47][48][49][50]}
• Doryssa transversa (Lea, 1850)^[20][42]
• Pachychilus laevisimus (Sowerby, 1824)^[8][13][17]

Physidae

• Aplexa rivalis (Manton & Rackett, 1807)^[8][14]
• Stenophysa acuminata (Gray & Sowerby, 1873)^[8]

Planorbidae

• Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)^{[8][11][14][17][27]}
• Biomphalaria havanensis (Dunker, 1850)^[20]
• Biomphalaria kuhniama (Clessin, 1883)^[8][17]
• Biomphalaria peregrina (D’Orbigny, 1835)^[17][27]
• Bionphalaria pronum (Von Martens 1873)^[8]
• Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848)^[8][17][27]
• Biomphalaria tenagofila (D’Orbigny, 1835)^[17][27]
• Drepanotrema anatium (D’Orbigny, 1835)^[8][17][27]
• Drepanotrema cimex (Moricand, 1839)^[8][17][27]
• Drepanotrema depressissmum (Moricand, 1839)^[17][27]
• Drepanotrema kermatoides (D’Orbigny, 1835)^[20]
• Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839)^[8][17][27]
• Drepanotrema surinamensis (Dunker & Clessin, 1884)^[20]

• Planorbella duryi (Wetherby 1879)^[20] (introduced species)^[18]
• Planorbis circumlineatus Shuttleworth, 1854^[10]

Thiaridae

• Aylacostoma lineolata (Gray, 1828)^{[8][17][20][27]}
• Aylacostoma stringillata (Dumker, 1843)^{[8][17][20][27]}
• Aylacostoma venezuelensis (Dumker & Revee, 1859)^{[8][17][20][27]}
• Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774)^{[51][52][53][17][20]} (introduced species)^[18]
• Thiara granifera (Lamarck, 1822)^{[17][20][52][53][54]} (introduced species)^[18]

Land gastropods[edit]

Land gastropods include:

Achatinidae

• Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822)^[24][25] (introduced species)^[18]

Arionidae

• Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805)^[15][55] (introduced species)^[18]

Bradybaenidae

• Bradybaena similaris (Fèrussac, 1821) (introduced species)^[18]

Clausiliidae

• Bequaertinenia bequaerti (Arias, 1953)^[12]
• Columbina cyclostoma (Pfeiffer, 1849)^[7][56]
• Gonionenia dohrni (Pfeiffer, 1860)^[7][56]
• Nenia geayi (Jousseaume, 1849)^[7][56]

Euconulidae

• Guppya gundlachi (Pfeiffer)^[10]
• Habroconus cassiquiensis (Pfeiffer, 1853)^[13]
• Habroconus ernsti (Jousseaume)^[10]

Ferussaciidae

• Cecilioides acicula (Müller 1774) (introduced species)^[18]
• Cecilioides aperta (Swainson, 1840) (introduced species)^[18]
• Cecilioides consobrina (d’Orbigny, 1842)^[10]

Helicidae

• Cornu aspersum = Helix aspersa (Müller, 1774) (introduced species)^[18]
• Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 (introduced species)^[18]
• Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (introduced species)^[18]

Helicinidae

• Helicina microdina (Morelet, 1854)
  • Helicina microdina huberi Breure, 1976^[57]

• Helicina tamsiana (Pfeiffer, 1850)
  • Helicina tamsiana appuni (Von Marten, 1873)^[13]

Limacidae

• Agriolimax laevis (Müller, 1774)^[14][15] (introduced species)^[18]
• Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774)^[15] (introduced species)^[18]
• Lehmannia valenciana (Férussac, 1822)^[15] (introduced species)^[18]
• Milax gagates (Draparnaud)^[15] (introduced species)^[18]

Strophocheilidae

• Megalobulimus oblongus (Müller, 1774)^{[6][11][12][13]}

Neocyclotidae

• Incidostoma nanun (Bartsch & Morrison, 1942)^[13]
• Poteria fasciatum (Kobelt & Schwanheim, 1912)
• Poteria translucida (Sowerby, 1843)^[11][12]

Amphibulimidae

• Dryptus marmoratus (Dunker, 1844)^[11][13]
• Plekocheilus blainvilleanus (Pfeiffer, 1848)^[13]
• Plekocheilus breweri Breure & Schlögl, 2010^[58]
• Plekocheilus coloratus (Nyst, 1845)^[12]
• Plekocheilus gibber (Oberwimmer, 1931)^[59]
• Plekocheilus huberi Breure, 2009^[59]
• Plekocheilus nebulosus Breure, 2009^[59]
• Plekocheilus pardalis (Férrusac, 1821)^[6][12]
• Plekocheilus sophiae Breure, 2009^[59]
• Plekocheilus tatei Haas, 1955^[59]
• Plekocheilus tepuiensis Breure, 2009^[59]
• Plekocheilus veranyi (Pfeiffer, 1847)^[60]
• Plekocheilus vlceki Breure & Schlögl, 2010^[13][58]
• Eudolichotis aurissciuri (Guppy, 1866)^[6]
• Eudolichotis distorta (Bruguière)^[6][10][11]
• Eudolichotis euryomphala (Jonas, 1844)^[11]

Orthalicidae

• Auris sinuata (Albers, 1854)^[13]
• Oxystyla abducta (Shuttleworth, 1856)^[6]
• Oxystyla maracaibensis (Pfeiffer, 1899)^[10]

Bulimulidae

• Bulimulus dysoni Pfeiffer^[10]
• Bulimulus cacticolus Reeve^[10]
• Bulimulus constrictus Pfeiffer^[10]
• Bulimulus krebsianus Pilsbry, 1897^[6]
• Drymaeus extraneus (Haas, 1955) - synonym: Drymaeus griffini Haas, 1955^[59]
• Drymaeus grandensis (Pfeiffer, 1847)^[6]
• Drymaeus imperfectus (Guppy, 1866)^[12]
• Drymaeus meridanus (Pfeiffer)^[10]
• Drymaeus multilineatus (Say, 1825)^[10]
• Drymaeus rex Breure, 2009^[59]
• Drymaeus ruthveni Baker, 1926^[6]
• Drymaeus trigonostomus (Jonas, 1844)^[6]
• Drymaeus trigonostomus knorri (Pfeiffer, 1846)^[6]
• Drymaeus virgulatus (Férussac)^[10]

Simpulopsidae

• Simpulopsis magnusgg^[13]

Odontostomidae

• Tomigerus cumingi Pfeiffer^[6][10]

Pleurodontidae

• Labyrinthus leucodon (Pfeiffer, 1847)^[6]
• Labyrinthus plicatus (Born, 1780)^[6][13]
• Labyrinthus tamsiana (Dunker, 1847) )^[6]
• Labyrinthus umbrus (Thompson, 1957)^[13]
• Solaropsis venezuelensis Preston, 1909^[6]

Pupillidae

• Pupoides marginatus nitidulus (Pfeiffer, 1839)^[10]
• Bothriopupa tenuidens (Adams)^[10]

Sagdidae

• Xenodiscula venezuelensis Pilsbry, 1919^[6][13]

Scolodontidae

• Systrophia starkii (H. B. Baker)^[10][13]

Systrophiidae

• Drepanostomella pinchoti Pilsbry, 1930^[13]

Spiraxidae

• Pseudosubulina decussata Baker, 1926^[6]
• Pseudosubulina chaperi (Jousseaume 1889)^[6]
• Spiraxis blandi (Crosse, 1874)^[26]

Streptaxidae

• Gulella bicolor (Hutton, 1834) (introduced species)^[18]
• Streptaxis glaber Pfeiffer^[10]

Subulinidae

• Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834)^[7][10][26]
• Allopeas micra (d’Orbigny, 1835)^[10][26] (introduced species)^[18]
• Beckianum beckianum (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)^[7][10][26]
• Dysopeas subopacum (Baker, 1927)^[7]
• Dysopeas translucidum (Baker, 1927)^[7]
• Lamellaxis martensiana (Baker, 1927)^[7]
• Lamellaxis mauritianus (Pfeiffer, 1952) (introduced species)^[18]
• Lamellaxis pachyspira Pilsbry 1905^[7][13]
• Leptinaria unilamellata (D’Orbigny, 1837)^{[7][26][61][10][12][14]}
• Leptopeas venezuelensis (Pfeiffer, 1856)^[7]
• Obeliscus octogyrus (Pfeiffer, 1850)^[7]
• Obeliscus rectus Baker, 1927^[7]
• Opeas gracile (Hutton, 1834) (introduced species)^[18]
• Opeas pellucidum (Pfeiffer, 1847)^[7]
• Opeas pumilum (Pfeiffer, 1847)^[7][26] (introduced species)^[18]
• Opeas pyrgula Schmacker and Boettger, 1891 (introduced species)^[18]
• Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1798)^{[7][10][14][26]} (introduced species)^[18]
• Subulina striatella (Rang, 1831)^[10][26] (introduced species)^[18]

Succineidae

• Omalonyx felina Guppy 1878^[6]
• Omalonyx pattersonae Tillier, 1891^[62]
• Succinea tamsiana Pfeiffer^[10][14]

Thysanophoridae

• Thysanophora canalis (Pilsbry, 1910)^[6]
• Thysanophora plagiptycha (Shuttleworth, 1854)^[6][10]
• Thysanophora satanaensis (Pfeiffer, 1854)^[6]

Urocoptidae

• Brachypodella hanleyana (Pfeiffer, 1847)^[7][10]
• Brachypodella leucopleura (Menke, 1847)^[7][10]
• Brachypodella nidicostata Spence, 1920^[7]

Veronicellidae

• Diplosolenodes occidentalis (Guilding, 1825)^[14][63]
• Diplosolenodes bielenbergii (Semper, 1885)^[7][15][63]
• Forcatulus coerulescens (Semper, 1885)^[15][63]
• Latipes pterocaulis (Simroth, 1914)^[7][15][63]
• Microveronicella diminuta (Simroth, 1914)^[15]
• Sarasinula linguaeformis (Semper, 1885)^[10][63]
• Sarasinula plebeia (Fischer, 1868)^[15]

Vertiginidae

• Gastrocopta barbadensis (Pfeiffer, 1853)^[10]
• Gastrocopta iheringi (Suter, 1900)^[10]
• Gastrocopta geminidens (Pilsbry)^[10]

Xanthonychidae

• Averellia coactiliata (Férrussac, 1838)^[6]

Freshwater bivalves[edit]

Corbiculidae

• Corbicula fluminalis (Múller, 1774)^[17][64] (introduced species)^[18]

Corbulidae

• Cyanocyclas cuneata Say, 1822^[17]

Hyriidae

• Castalia ambigua Lamarck, 1819^{[16][17][65][66][67]}
• Castalia orinocensis Morrison, 1943^[16][17][68]
• Castalia schombergiana Sowerby, 1869^[16][17][69]
• Castalia stevensi (Baker, 1930)^[66][70]
• Dilodon granosus Bruguiere, 1782^{[16][17][47][66][71]}
• Dilodon losadae Haas, 1819^[16][17][72]
• Dilodon flucki Morrison 1943^[17][66][73]
• Paxyodon syrmatophorus Meuschen, 1781^[16][66][74]
• Prisodon obliquus (Schumacher, 1871)^[17][75]
• Triplodon stevensii Lea, 1871^[66][76]

Mycetopodidae

• Anodontites crispatus Bruguiere, 1792^[17]
• Anodontites elongatus (Swainson, 1823)^[17]
• Anodontites ensiformes (Spix, 1827)^[16][17]
• Anodontites guanarensis Marshall, 1928^[16][17]
• Anodontites infossa Baker, 1930^[17]
• Anodontites pittieri Marshall, 1922^[16][17]
• Anodontites schombergianus Sowerby, 1870^[16][17]
• Anodontites leotaudi (Guppy, 1866)^[17]
• Anodontites tenebricosus D’Orbigny, 1835^[17]
• Anodontites tortilis (Lea, 1852)^[17]
• Anodontites trapezeus (Spix, 1827)^[17]
• Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck, 1819^[16][17][77]
• Anodontites trigona (Spix, 1827)^[16][17]
• Mycetopoda pittieri Marshall, 1919^[16][17][78]
• Mycetopoda soleniformes D’Orbigny, 1835^[17]
• Tamsiella tamsiana Dunker, 1895^[16][17][79]

Pisidiidae

• Eupera bahiensis (Spix, 1827)^[17]
• Eupera modioliforme Anton, 1837^[17]
• Eupera simoni Jousseaume, 1889^[17]

See also[edit]

• List of echinoderms of Venezuela
• List of Poriferans of Venezuela
• List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela
• List of marine molluscs of Venezuela
• List of molluscs of Falcón state, Venezuela
• List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela
• List of birds of Venezuela
• List of mammals of Venezuela

Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:

• List of non-marine molluscs of Colombia
• List of non-marine molluscs of Guyana
• List of non-marine molluscs of Brazil

Overseas:

• List of non-marine molluscs of Trinidad and Tobago
• List of non-marine molluscs of Grenada
• List of non-marine molluscs of Curaçao
• List of non-marine molluscs of Aruba

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Breure A. S. H. (2009). Radiation in land snails on Venezuelan tepui islands. In: Cohen A. et al. (eds.) Evolutionary islands: 150 years after Darwin' Abstracts: 38. Leiden. PDF.
• Breure A. S. H. (1976). "Over de landmollusken van het Nationale Park "Henri Pittier", Venezuela". Correspondentieblad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging 172: 569–572. PDF.
• Breure A. S. H. (1975). "Description of a collecting trip in Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela". De Kreukel 11(7): 83–116. PDF.