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List of sovereign states in the 1890s






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1890s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1890 and 31 December 1899. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • Y
  • Z

    • Sovereign states

    [edit]
    Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

    A

    [edit]
     Abuja – Abuja Emirate
    Capital: Abuja     		Widely recognized state.
    Acre – Republic of Acre[1] (from July 14, 1899)
    Capital: Cidade do Acre     		De facto independent state from July 14, 1899.
     Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[2]
    Capital: Agadez     		Widely recognized state.
    Andorra – Principality of Andorra[3]
    Capital: Andorra la Vella     		Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.
     Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[4]
    Capital: Angoche     		Widely recognized state.
    Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole[5]
    Capital: Mbarara     		Widely recognized state.
     Argentina – Argentine Republic[6]
    Capital: Buenos Aires
    Aro – Aro Confederacy
    Capital: Arochukwu     		Widely recognized state.
     Ashanti – Asante Union[7]
    Capital: Kumasi     		Widely recognized state.
    Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
    Capital: Aussa     		Widely recognized state.
     Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire[8]
    Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania)     		Widely recognized state.

    B

    [edit]
      Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi[9] (to September 20, 1897)
    Capital: Massenya (to 1893), Chekna (from 1893 to 1897)     		Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. Annexed by France on September 20, 1897.
    Bali – Kingdom of Bali[10]
    Capital: Klungkung     		Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali.
      Baol – Kingdom of Baol[11] (to 1895)
    Capital: Diourbel     		Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1895.
     Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland[12] (to 1899)
    Capital: Mongu     		Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899.
     Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium[13]
    Capital: Brussels     		Widely recognized state.
     Benin – Kingdom of Benin[14] (to February 18, 1897)
    Capital: Edo     		Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on February 18, 1897.
     Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
    Capital: Punakha     		Widely recognized state.
     Biu – Biu Kingdom
    Capital: Biu     		Widely recognized state.
    Bolivia Bolivia
    Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative)     		Widely recognized state.
    Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora[15] (to September 21, 1895)
    Capital: Nunue, Vaitape     		Widely recognized state to September 21, 1895. Annexed by France on September 21, 1895.
    Bornu – Bornu Empire[16] (to 1893)
    Capital: Ngazargamu     		Widely recognized state to 1893. Annexed by France in 1893.
     Brakna – Brakna Emirate
    Capital: Aleg     		Widely recognized state.
    Brazil – Republic of the United States of Brazil[17]
    Capital: Rio de Janeiro     		Brazil was a federationof20 states, one territory, and one federal district.[a]
    Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda (to 1894)
    Capital: Mengo, Uganda     		Widely recognized state to 1894. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1894.
    Bulgaria – Principality of Bulgaria[18]
    Capital: Sofia     		De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
    Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom (to 1899)
    Capital: Hoima     		Widely recognized state to 1899. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899.
     Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi[19] (to July 1, 1890)
    Capital: Gitega, Bujumbura     		Widely recognized state to July 1, 1890. Annexed by Germany on July 1, 1890.
    Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga
    Capital: Bugembe     		Widely recognized state.

    C

    [edit]
     Canada – Dominion of Canada
    Capital: Ottawa     		Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm.
    → Central America (from September 15, 1896)
    Capital: Amapala
    • Greater Republic of Central America (from September 15, 1896 to November 1, 1898)
    • United States of Central America (from November 1 to November 21, 1898)
    		 APolitical union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua until November 21, 1898.[20]
    Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak (from 1899)
    Capital: Champasak     		Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam.
    Chile
    Capital: Santiago     		Widely recognized state.
     China – Great Qing Empire
    Capital: Beijing     		Widely recognized state.
     Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom
    Capital: Not specified     		Widely recognized state.
     Colombia – Republic of Colombia
    Capital: Bogota     		Widely recognized state.
     Congo – Congo Free State
    Capital: Boma     		Widely recognized state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium.
    Costa Rica Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
    Capital: San Jose     		Widely recognized state.
    Crete – Cretan State[21] (from December 9, 1898)
    Capital: Chania     		Widely recognized state. Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire.

    D

    [edit]
    Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey[22] (to January 20, 1894)
    Capital: Abomey     		Widely recognized state to January 20, 1894. Annexed by France on January 20, 1894.
     Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti[23]
    Capital: N'Délé     		Widely recognized state. Vassal stateofDar Runga to 1890. Vassal stateofRabih az-Zubayr from 1890.
    Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur (from 1898)
    Capital: Al Fashir     		Widely recognized state from 1898.
     Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
    Capital: Lulami     		Widely recognized state.
     Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
    Capital: Copenhagen     		Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
     Dhala – Emirate of Dhala
    Capital: Dhale     		Widely recognized state.
    Dominican Republic – Second Republic
    Capital: Santo Domingo     		Widely recognized state.

    E

    [edit]
    Ecuador Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
    Capital: Quito     		Widely recognized state.
    El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador (to September 15, 1896; from November 21, 1898)
    Capital: San Salvador     		Widely recognized state to September 15, 1896, and from November 21, 1898.Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898.
    → Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
    Capital: Addis Ababa     		Widely recognized state.

    F

    [edit]
    France – French Republic
    Capital: Paris     		Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
    → Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon (to November 18, 1896)
    Capital: Timbo     		Widely recognized state to November 18, 1896. Annexed by France on November 18, 1896.

    G

    [edit]
     Gaza – Gaza Empire (to 1895)
    Capital: Manjacaze     		Widely recognized state to 1895. Annexed by Portugal in 1895.
     Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi
    Capital: Afgooye     		Widely recognized state.
     Germany – German Empire
    Capital: Berlin     		Widely recognized independent state. Germany had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
     Greece – Kingdom of Greece
    Capital: Athens     		Widely recognized state.
    Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
    Capital: Guatemala City     		Widely recognized state.
     Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman (to 1895)
    Capital: Sampa, Drobo     		Widely recognized state.

    H

    [edit]
    Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar
    Capital: Ha'il     		Widely recognized state.
    Haiti Haiti – Republic of Haiti
    Capital: Port-au-Prince     		Widely recognized state.
    Hawaii
    Capital: Honolulu     		Widely recognized state to August 12, 1898. Annexed by the United States on August 12, 1898.
     Honduras – Republic of Honduras (to September 15, 1896 from November 21, 1898)
    Capital: Tegucigalpa     		Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898.
    Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine (to September 15, 1895)
    Capital: Huahine     		Annexed by France on September 15, 1895.
    Hunza – State of Hunza (to 1892)
    Capital: Baltit     		Widely recognized state to 1892. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1892.

    I

    [edit]
     Igala – Igala Kingdom
    Capital: Idah     		Widely recognized state.
     Igara – Kingdom of Igara

    Capital: Not specified

    		Widely recognized state.
     Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom
    Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀
     Italy – Kingdom of Italy
    Capital: Rome     		Widely recognized independent state. Italy had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

    J

    [edit]
    Japan – Empire of Japan
    Capital: Tokyo City     		Widely recognized independent state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:

    K

    [edit]
     Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa (to September 11, 1897)
    Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha
     Kajara – Kajara Kingdom

    Capital: Not specified

    Kano – Emirate of Kano
    Capital: Takai
     Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom

    Capital: Not specified

     Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate
    Capital: Argungu     		Widely recognized state.
     Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom (to May 1, 1898)
    Capital: Sikasso
     Kong – Kong Empire (to 1895)
    Capital: Kong
    Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
    Capital: Mbanza-Kongo     		Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal.
    → Korea
    Capital: Hanseong     		Tributary state of the Qing dynasty to 1894. Widely recognized independent state from October 12, 1897.
     Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya (to August 31, 1896)
    Capital: Grand Cape Mount

    L

    [edit]
     Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom
    Capital: Lafia
     Liberia – Republic of Liberia
    Capital: Monrovia
    Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
    Capital: Vaduz
     Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (to 1891)
    Capital: Saqqa
    Lower Yafa – Sultanate of Lower Yafa (to 1895)
    Capital: Jaʿār
     Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
    Capital: Luxembourg City

    M

    [edit]
    Maguindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao (to October 30, 1898)
    Capital: Kuta Watu
     Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur (to 1891)
    Capital: Imphal
     Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi (to 1891)
    Capital: Manthimba
     Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
    Capital: Bulawayo
     Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom

    Capital: Not specified

    		Widely recognized state.
    Merina – Kingdom of Imerina (to 1897)
    Capital: Antananarivo
    Mexico Mexico – United Mexican States
    Capital: Mexico City
     Monaco – Principality of Monaco
    Capital: Monaco
     Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
    Capital: Cetinje
     Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
    Capital: Fes
     Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire (to 1896)
    Capital: Multiple capitals     		Widely recognized independent state. The following are a number of different kingdoms that make up the Mossi Empire:
     Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
    Capital: Muscat     		De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.
     Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr

    Capital: Not specified

    		Widely recognized state.

    N

    [edit]
    Negeri Sembilan (to 1895)
    Capital: Seremban     		Federated in to the Federated Malay States from 1895.
    Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
    Capital: Kathmandu
     Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
    Capital: Amsterdam
    Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua (to September 15, 1896; from November 21, 1898)
    Capital: Managua     		Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898.
    Norway – Kingdom of Norway
    Capital: Christiania     		In personal union between Sweden until December 15, 1899. Union badge removed on December 15, 1899

    O

    [edit]
     Orange Free State
    Capital: Bloemfontein     		Independent Boer sovereign republic under the British suzerainty in South Africa.
     Orungu – Kingdom of Orungu

    Capital: Not specified

    		Widely recognized state.
     Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
    Capital: Constantinople

    P

    [edit]
     Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
    Capital: Asunción
    → Persia – Sublime State of Persia
    Capital: Tehran
     Peru – Peruvian Republic
    Capital: Lima
    Philippines – First Philippine Republic (from January 23, 1899)
    Capital: Several temporary capitals     		De facto independent state.
    Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
    Capital: Lisbon

    R

    [edit]
     Romania – Kingdom of Romania
    Capital: Bucharest
     Russia – Russian Empire
    Capital: Saint Petersburg

    S

    [edit]
    Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
    Capital: Apia
     San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
    Capital: San Marino
     Serbia – Kingdom of Serbia
    Capital: Belgrade
    Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
    Capital: Kota Mambang Segara
    Thailand Siam – Kingdom of Siam
    Capital: Bangkok     		Widely recognized independent state. The following are vassal states of Siam:
    Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
    Capital: Sokoto
    Spain – Kingdom of Spain
    Capital: Madrid
    Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
    Capital: Maimbung
    Sweden Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
    Capital: Stockholm     		In personal union between Norway until December 15, 1899.
    Switzerland Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
    Capital: Bern

    T

    [edit]
     Tagant – Emirate of Tagant
    Capital: Tidjikja
     Tonga - Kingdom of Tonga
    Capital: Nuku'alofa
     Toro – Toro Kingdom (from August 14, 1891)
    Capital: Kabarole
     Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire (to 1890)
    Capital: Segou
     Transvaal – South African Republic
    Capital: Pretoria
     Trarza – Emirate of Trarza
    Capital: Mederdra
     Tui Manuʻa – Tui Manuʻa Confederacy
    Capital: Fitiuta

    U

    [edit]
     United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
    Capital: London     		Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom:
    → United States →  United States – United States of America
    Capital: Washington D.C.     		Widely recognized independent state. The following are territories of the United States of America:
    • * → →

    Alaska (District)

    Arizona (Territory)

      Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
    Capital: Nişāb
      Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
    Capital: Sa'id
     Upper Yafa – State of Upper Yafa
    Capital: Mahjaba
     Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
    Capital: Montevideo

    V

    [edit]
     Venezuela – United States of Venezuela
    Capital: Caracas

    W

    [edit]
     Wadai – Wadai Empire
    Capital: Abéché
     Wahidi Haban – Wahidi Sultanate of Haban
    Capital: Habban
     Wajoq – Kingdom of Wajoq
    Capital: Tosora
    Wassoulou – Wassoulou Empire (to September 29, 1898)
    Capital: Bissandugu     		Annexed by France on September 29, 1898
     Wolaita – Kingdom of Wolaita (to November 1894)
    Capital: Lasho, Dalbo, Sodo     		Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1894
     Wukari – Wukari Federation
    Capital: Wukari

    Y

    [edit]
     Yamma – Kingdom of Yamma (to 1894)
    Capital: Fofa
     Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (to 1891)
    Capital: Bunkeya

    Z

    [edit]
      Zabarma – Zabarma Emirate (to 1897)
    Capital: Not specified

    States claiming sovereignty

    [edit]
    Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
    Capital: Kutaraja     		Protectorate of the Ottoman Empire.
    Biak-na-Bato – Republic of Biak-na-Bato (from November 1 to December 15, 1897)
    Capital: San Miguel     		Unrecognized state.
    Counani – Republic of Independent Guiana (to 1891)
    Capital: Counani     		Unrecognized state.
    Formosa – Republic of Formosa (from May 24 to October 23, 1895)
    Capital: Taipei     		Unrecognized state.
    Franceville – Independent Commune of Franceville (to 1890)
    Capital: None     		Unrecognized state.
    Lado – Lado District (from 1894)
    Capital: Lado     		Unrecognized state.
     Loreto – Federal State of Loreto (from 2 May to 10 July 1896)
    Capital: Iquitos     		Unrecognised self-proclaimed federated state within Peru
    Mahdist Sudan – Mahdist State (to September 2, 1898)
    Capital: Omdurman     		Unrecognized state. Annexed by Sudan on September 2, 1898
    Mato Grosso – Transatlantic Republic of Mato Grosso (to 1892)
    Capital: Corumba     		Unrecognized state.
    Negros – Republic of Negros (from November 27, 1898)
    Capital: Bacólod     		Unrecognized state. Constituent of the Federal State of the Visayas from 1898 to 1899.
    Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland (from 1894)
    Capital: Mbabane     		Unrecognized state.
    Tagalog Republic – Sovereign Tagalog Nation (from August 29, 1896, to March 22, 1897)
    Capital: Morong     		Unrecognized state.
    Trinidad – Principality of Trinidad (from 1893 to 1895)
    Capital: None     		Unrecognized state.
      Zamboanga – Republic of Zamboanga (from May 18 to November 16, 1898)
    Capital: Zamboanga City     		Unrecognized state.

    Notes

    [edit]
    1. ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Territory: Acre (from April 30, 1904). 1 Federal District: Federal District.

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ "Acre and its Robber; Cause of the Establishment of the New Republic. The Conflicting Interests of Brazil and Bolivia -- Millions Involved -- Population Not Over 10,000". The New York Times. 1900-11-25. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  • ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
  • ^ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, November 3, 2021, retrieved 2021-11-17
  • ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  • ^ "Argentina", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-11-16, retrieved 2021-11-19
  • ^ "Asante empire". www.britannica.com. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  • ^ McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
  • ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bagirmi" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
  • ^ The rough guide to Bali & Lombok by Lesley Reader, Lucy Ridout p.298
  • ^ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458
  • ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Barotse and Barotseland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 424–425.
  • ^ "Belgium", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-01-21, retrieved 2022-02-06
  • ^ Bradbury, R. E. (16 August 2018), "Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-colonial and Colonial Benin Politics (1897–1951)", Benin Studies, Routledge, pp. 76–128, doi:10.4324/9781351031264-4, ISBN 978-1-351-03126-4, S2CID 159119713, retrieved 27 January 2023
  • ^ "Bora-Bora". Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
  • ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bornu" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
  • ^ Hudson, Rex A. Brazil: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1997, pg.22
  • ^ Pearson, Raymond (25 September 2014). The Longman Companion to European Nationalism 1789–1920. Routledge. ISBN 9781317897774. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
  • ^ "Kingdom of Burundi". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  • ^ Slade, William F. (1917). "The Federation of Central America". The Journal of Race Development. 8 (2): 210–215. doi:10.2307/29738239. hdl:2027/inu.30000056731338. JSTOR 29738239.
  • ^ Kitromilides M. Paschalis (ed) Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship, Edinburgh University Press, 2008 p. 68.
  • ^ Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979.
  • ^ Garbou, Henri (1912). "La région du Tchad et du Oudaï; études ethnographiques, dialecte Toubou". Bulletin de Correspondence Africaine. XLVII1.

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