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Species of flowering plant
Melothria scabra , commonly known as the cucamelon , Mexican miniature watermelon , Mexican sour cucumber , Mexican sour gherkin , mouse melon , or pepquinos ,[2] [3] [4] is a species of flowering plant in the cucurbit family grown for its edible fruit .[5] Its native range spans Mexico to Venezuela .[1] Fruits are about the size of grapes and taste like cucumbers with a tinge of sourness.[6] It may have been eaten by indigenous peoples before the European colonization of the Americas began.[6]
Description
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Melothria scabra female flower
Melothria scabra is a vine similar in morphology to Melothria pendula .[7] It has a climbing habit , and typically grows 2.5–3 m (8.2–9.8 ft ) tall.[5] It is fast growing:[5] germination under favourable conditions takes approximately 10 days, with plants reaching maturity in approximately 60–75 days.[6] [8] It is a perennial species, but as it is not frost hardy it is often grown as an annual .[5] Its leaves have three or five lobes, and are 3–7 cm (1.2–2.8 in ) in length and width.[9] The leaf margin is undulate or dentate, the apex is caudate, and the leaf base is cordate.[9] The leaf surface is scabrous ; the upper surface is covered with small hairs called trichomes .[9] Similar to some types of cucumber,[10] these plants are monoecious , producing both male (staminate ) and female (pistillate ) flowers on the same plant.[9] [11] Flowers are small and yellow, and are approximately 4 mm (0.2 in ) in diameter.[5] Unusually for the cucurbits, the female flowers appear before the male flowers.[6] These plants can pollinate themselves, but the individual flowers are not self-fertile . Each plant can produce hundreds of fruits,[8] which develop at the base of the female flowers (the ovaries are inferior).[12] Fruits are olive -shaped,[5] grow to 2.5–4 cm (1.0–1.6 in ) in length, and 1.5–2.5 cm (0.6–1.0 in ) in width, and are green with dark green stripes.[7] In contrast to the fruits of most other wild species in the cucurbit family, the fruit of Melothria scabra has a sweet rather than bitter flesh.[13] Plants are drought resistant and pest-resistant relative to other cucumbers.[14]
Etymology
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Binomial name
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The genus name Melothria is from Ancient Greek μηλοθρων: mēlothrōn 'kind of white grape' in reference to small grapevine fruits born by the genus. The specific epithet scabra is Latin for 'rough, scabby'.
Common names
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The English language common name 'cucamelon' arose in the 1980s; it is a portmanteau of 'cucumber' and 'melon '.[15] The Spanish language common name 'sandita ' translates as 'little watermelon';[14] its etymology is sandía 'watermelon' + ita , a suffix used to indicate something is small.[16] [17]
Distribution and habitat
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Melothria scabra is native to Colombia , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico,[i] Nicaragua , Panama , and Venezuela,[1] where it grows in forests and thickets .[7]
Diseases
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Melothria scabra is susceptible to infection by Pseudoperonospora cubensis ,[18] [19] [20] a plant pathogen that causes cucurbit downy mildew.[21] It is also susceptible to infection by another plant pathogen, Podosphaera xanthii , which causes powdery mildew .[22] Plants are reported to be susceptible to infection by Cucumber mosaic virus .[23]
Cultivation
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Melothria scabra is cultivated as a minor crop for its fruits,[13] which are eaten raw or pickled .[24]
Notes
[ edit ]
^ In Mexico, Melothria scabra is native to the following WGSRPD level-3 floristic units: Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, and Mexico Southwest.[1]
References
[ edit ]
^ William Woys Weaver (2005). "Mouse Melons" . Mother Earth News. Archived from the original on 2013-07-29. Retrieved 2013-07-24 .
^ "Melothria scabra (MEESC)" . EPPO Global Database . 2017-03-14. Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ a b c d e f "Melothria scabra | cucamelon" . rhs.org.uk . Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ a b c d Mahr, Susan. "Mouse Melon or Mexican Sour Cucumber, Melothria scabra" . Wisconsin Horticulture . University of Wisconsin-Madison. Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ a b c Woodson, Robert E.; Schery, Robert W.; Wunderlin, Richard P. (1978). "Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 182. Cucurbitaceae" . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . 65 (1 ): 285–366. doi :10.2307/2395357 . ISSN 0026-6493 . JSTOR 2395357 .
^ a b Rice, Emily; Curtis, Kynda R. (2021). "Drought-Tolerant Options for Southwest Agriculture: Edible Produce" .
^ a b c d "Melothria scabra Naudin" . worldfloraonline.org . Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ Pawełkowicz, Magdalena Ewa; Skarzyńska, Agnieszka; Pląder, Wojciech; Przybecki, Zbigniew (2019-03-13). "Genetic and molecular bases of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) sex determination" . Molecular Breeding . 39 (3 ): 50. doi :10.1007/s11032-019-0959-6 . ISSN 1572-9788 .
^ "Melothria L." Plants of the World Online . Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-06-21 .
^ "Melothria scabra" . Kwantlen Polytechnic University School of Horticulture Plant Database . Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ a b Chomicki, Guillaume; Schaefer, Hanno; Renner, Susanne S. (2020). "Origin and domestication of Cucurbitaceae crops: insights from phylogenies, genomics and archaeology" . New Phytologist . 226 (5 ): 1240–1255. doi :10.1111/nph.16015 . ISSN 1469-8137 . PMID 31230355 .
^ a b Spurrier, Jeff (2013-05-14). "Mouse melon, a.k.a. Mexican gherkin: Tiny fruit is big on cute" . LA Times .
^ "Definition of cucamelon" . Lexico.com . Oxford University Press. 2020. Archived from the original on March 4, 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ "English Translation of "sandía" " . Collins Spanish-English Dictionary . HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ "Translation of "-ito" into English" . Lexico.com . Oxford University Press. 2020. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved 2021-06-20 .
^ Wilson, Guy West (1908). "Studies in North American Peronosporales-IV. Host Index" . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club . 35 (11 ): 543–554. doi :10.2307/2479110 . ISSN 0040-9618 . JSTOR 2479110 .
^ Ellett, C. Wayne (1970). "Annotated List of the Personosporales of Ohio (I. Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae)" .
^ Ellett, C. Wayne (1989). "Ohio plant disease index" .
^ Savory, Elizabeth A.; Granke, Leah L.; Quesada-Ocampo, Lina M.; Varbanova, Marina; Hausbeck, Mary K.; Day, Brad (2011). "The cucurbit downy mildew pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis" . Molecular Plant Pathology . 12 (3 ): 217–226. doi :10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00670.x . ISSN 1364-3703 . PMC 6640371 . PMID 21355994 .
^ Rennberger, G.; Kousik, C. S.; Keinath, A. P. (2017-09-06). "First Report of Powdery Mildew on Cucumis zambianus, Cucurbita digitata, and Melothria scabra Caused by Podosphaera xanthii in the United States" . Plant Disease . 102 (1 ): 246. doi :10.1094/PDIS-06-17-0916-PDN . ISSN 0191-2917 .
^ Price, W. C. (1940). "Comparative Host Ranges of Six Plant Viruses" . American Journal of Botany . 27 (7 ): 530–541. doi :10.2307/2437088 . ISSN 0002-9122 . JSTOR 2437088 .
^ Watson, Sereno (1886). "Contributions to American Botany" . Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . 22 : 396–481. doi :10.2307/25129875 . ISSN 0199-9818 . JSTOR 25129875 .
External links
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melothria_scabra&oldid=1233637702 "
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