Monosomy is a form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair.[1] Partial monosomy occurs when a portion of one chromosome in a pair is missing.
Turner syndrome – Females with Turner syndrome typically have one X chromosome instead of the usual two X chromosomes. Turner syndrome is the only full monosomy that is seen in humans — all other cases of full monosomy are lethal and the individual will not survive development.
Cri du chat syndrome – (French for "cry of the cat" after the persons' malformed larynx) a partial monosomy caused by a deletion of the end of the short arm of chromosome 5
Analyses of the products of human miscarriages show that the majority of aneuploidies (trisomies or monosomies) in early developing embryos arise from errors occurring during maternal meiosis and that paternal meiotic errors contribute less than 10%.[2] This bias may be due to the complexity of meiosis in oogenesis and the extremely prolonged arrest during meiosis that is prone to errors.[3] However, in embryos that have developed to the cleavage stage, an equal maternal, paternal contribution to monosomies is observed.[2]
^ abSamara N, Peleg S, Frumkin T, Gold V, Amir H, Haikin Herzberger E, Reches A, Kalma Y, Ben Yosef D, Azem F, Malcov M. New insights regarding origin of monosomy occurrence in early developing embryos as demonstrated in preimplantation genetic testing. Mol Cytogenet. 2022 Mar 21;15(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13039-022-00582-5. PMID: 35313946; PMCID: PMC8935781
^Hassold T, Hunt P. To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy. Nat Rev Genet. 2001 Apr;2(4):280-91. doi: 10.1038/35066065. PMID: 11283700
