Neuropeptide VF precursor, also known as pro-FMRFamide-related neuropeptide VForRFamide-related peptide precursor, is a propeptide that in mammals is encoded by the NPVF (orRPFP) gene. The NPVF gene, and thus the propeptide, are expressed in neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus.[1] The propeptide is cleaved to form three other peptides, which are:[2][3]
NPSF and NPVF, originally referred to as the RFamide-related peptides RFRP-1 and RFRP-3, respectively,[4] are the mammalian homologs of the avian neuropeptide gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH).[2] The mammalian NPVF and avian GnIH genes, along with their aforementioned peptide products, were discovered concurrently in 2000.[1][2] Similarly to the avian GnIH neuropeptide, NPSF and NPVF have been found to potently inhibit gonadotropin secretion.[5] Moreover, a potent and selective antagonist of the NPFF receptors, RF9, has been reported to possess "very strong" gonadotropin-releasing effects in vivo in male and female mice.[6]
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