Nisoish | |
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Southeastern Loloish | |
Ethnicity | Yi people, Phula people |
Geographic distribution | Southern China, Vietnam |
Linguistic classification | Sino-Tibetan
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Subdivisions |
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Glottolog | sout3212 |
The NisoishorYi languages, which contains both the Northern Loloish (Northern Ngwi) and Southeastern Loloish (Southeastern Ngwi) branches, are a branch of the Loloish languages proposed by Lama (2012). Northern Loloish and Southeastern Loloish were established by Bradley (1997), while the Nisoish group combining Bradley's two branches was proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012). Lama (2012) refers to Northern Loloish as NisoidorNisu–Lope, and Southeastern Loloish as Axi–Puoid.
In the past, Southeastern Loloish languages had variously been classified as Northern LoloishorCentral Loloish, but were later recognized as forming a separate branch of Loloish by Bradley (2002).[1] Jamin Pelkey (2011:368-371) also noted that Southeastern Loloish and Northern Loloish branches are likely to be sister branches with each other. Shortly later, Ziwo Lama's (2012) computational phylogenetic analysis of the Lolo-Burmese languages gave further support to Pelkey's hypothesis. Northern Loloish and Southeastern Loloish languages were also found to constitute a single branch in Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) computational phylogenetic analysis of the Lolo-Burmese languages, who considers Nasu, Nosu, Nisu, and Samei as belonging to the same branch.[2]
Lama (2012)'s Nisoish branch is contains two subgroups, namely Axi–Puoid (also known as Southeastern Loloish) and Nisoid (also known as Northern Loloish). Lama (2012) gives the following internal phylogeny for the Nisoish branch.
Nisoish | |
Four of the six Yi languages (fangyan 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government belong to Lama's Nisoish clade.
However, the remaining two of the six officially recognized Yi languages belong to Lama's Lisoish clade.
Lama (2012) lists the following changes from Proto-Loloish as phonological innovations among various branches and languages of Nisoish.
Yiyu Fangyan Bijiao Yanjiu (彝语方言比较研究) by Wang Chengyou (王成有) (2003)[3] gives phonological inventories for Yi (Nisoish) languages spoken in the following locations.
YYFC (1983)[34] gives vocabulary lists for Yi (Nisoish) languages spoken in the following locations.
YYFC (1983) was subsequently republished as Zhang (2017).[50]
Sino-Tibetan branches
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Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) |
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Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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East and Southeast Asia |
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Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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Proposed groupings |
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Proto-languages |
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Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. |
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Mondzish |
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Loloish (Yi) (Ngwi) |
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Burmish |
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Pai-lang |
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(Proto-languages) |
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