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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Pennisetum [5] genus of plants in the grass family , native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. They are known commonly as fountaingrasses (fountain grasses ).[6] [7] [8] [9] Pennisetum is considered a synonym of Cenchrus in Kew 's Plants of the World Online .[10]
Taxonomy [ edit ]
Pennisetum is closely related to the genus Cenchrus [11] [12] Cenchrus was derived from Pennisetum and the two are grouped in a monophyletic clade .[13] Pennisetum were once members of Cenchrus , and some have been moved back. A main morphological character used to distinguish them is the degree of fusion of the bristles in the inflorescence , but this is often unreliable. In 2010, researchers proposed to transfer Pennisetum into Cenchrus , along with the related genus Odontelytrum [14] Cenchrus in Kew's Plants of the World Online database.[10]
Species [ edit ]
Pennisetum alopecuroides Pennisetum hohenackeri Pennisetum orientale Pennisetum pedicellatum Pennisetum alopecuroides
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families lists the following species as synonyms of Cenchrus [2]
Pennisetum alopecuroides
Pennisetum annuum
Pennisetum articulare Marquesas
Pennisetum basedowii
Pennisetum beckeroides
Pennisetum caffrum Réunion
Pennisetum chilense
Pennisetum clandestinum
Pennisetum complanatum
Pennisetum crinitum
Pennisetum × cupreum
Pennisetum distachyum
Pennisetum divisum
Pennisetum domingense
Pennisetum durum
Pennisetum exiguum
Pennisetum flaccidum
Pennisetum flexile Kashmir
Pennisetum foermerianum
Pennisetum frutescens
Pennisetum glaucifolium
Pennisetum glaucum
Pennisetum gracilescens
Pennisetum henryanum Marquesas
Pennisetum hohenackeri
Pennisetum hordeoides
Pennisetum humile
Pennisetum intectum
Pennisetum lanatum
Pennisetum latifolium
Pennisetum laxius Sahel in Africa
Pennisetum ledermannii
Pennisetum longissimum
Pennisetum longistylum
Pennisetum macrostachyum Java , Borneo, Papuasia
Pennisetum macrourum
Pennisetum massaicum
Pennisetum mezianum
Pennisetum mildbraedii
Pennisetum monostigma
Pennisetum montanum
Pennisetum nervosum
Pennisetum nodiflorum
Pennisetum nubicum
Pennisetum occidentale
Pennisetum orientale
Pennisetum pauperum
Pennisetum pedicellatum Cape Verde , Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia from Arabia to Vietnam
Pennisetum peruvianum
Pennisetum petiolare
Pennisetum pirottae
Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. – feather pennisetum, mission grass, thin Napier grass – Africa, southern Asia from Arabia to Vietnam, Indian Ocean islands
Pennisetum preslii
Pennisetum procerum
Pennisetum prolificum
Pennisetum pseudotriticoides
Pennisetum pumilum
Pennisetum purpureum Aldabra , Arabian Pen; naturalized in parts of Asia, Australia, Americas, various islands
Pennisetum qianningense Sichuan , Yunnan
Pennisetum ramosum
Pennisetum rigidum
Pennisetum riparium
Pennisetum rupestre
Pennisetum sagittatum
Pennisetum schweinfurthii
Pennisetum shaanxiense
Pennisetum sichuanense Sichuan , Yunnan
Pennisetum sieberianum
Pennisetum sphacelatum Comoros
Pennisetum squamulatum
Pennisetum stramineum
Pennisetum tempisquense
Pennisetum thulinii
Pennisetum thunbergii
Pennisetum trachyphyllum
Pennisetum trisetum
Pennisetum tristachyum
Pennisetum uliginosum
Pennisetum unisetum
Pennisetum villosum R.Br. ex Fresen. – feathertop, long-style feathergrass, white foxtail – Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia; naturalized in New Zealand, Mediterranean, scattered places in Americas
Pennisetum violaceum Sahara , Sahel
Pennisetum weberbaueri
Pennisetum yemense
Description [ edit ]
As currently envisioned, Pennisetum is a genus of 80 to 140 species.[7] [11] [12] [14] Africa , Asia , Australia , and Latin America , with some of them widely naturalized in Europe and North America , as well as on various oceanic islands.[2]
They are annual or perennial grasses. Some are petite while others can produce stems up to 8 meters tall.[12] inflorescence is a very dense, narrow panicle containing fascicles of spikelets interspersed with bristles. There are three kinds of bristle, and some species have all three, while others do not. Some bristles are coated in hairs, sometimes long, showy, plumelike hairs that inspired the genus name, the Latin penna ("feather") and seta ("bristle").[12]
The genus includes pearl millet (P. glaucum ), an important food crop. Napier grass (P. purpureum ) is used for grazing livestock in Africa.
Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants, notably P. advena, P. alopecuroides, P. orientale, P. setaceum, and P. villosum .
The cultivar 'Fairy Tails' is a recipient of the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit .[15] [16]
Ecology [ edit ]
Invasive Pennisetum setaceum lava flow in Hawaii
Many Pennisetum grasses are noxious weeds , including feathertop grass (P. villosum ) and kikuyu grass (P. clandestinum ), which is also a popular and hardy turf grass in some parts of the world.
The herbage and seeds of these grasses are food for herbivores , such as the chestnut-breasted mannikin (Lonchura castaneothorax ), the caterpillar of the butterfly Melanitis phedima larvae of the fly genus Delia
The genus is a host of the pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus sativus
References [ edit ]
^ lectotype designated by Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 210 (1921)
^ Tropicos, Pennisetum Rich.
^ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. 606–07.
^ Pennisetum .
^ a b Pennisetum .
^ Pennisetum .
^ Identified gaps for Pennisetum genepool. Archived 2011-07-25 at the Wayback Machine Crop Wild Relatives. CIAT.
^ a b "Pennisetum Rich" . Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 15 November 2020 .
^ a b Martel, E., et al. (2004). Chromosome evolution of Pennisetum species (Poaceae): implications of ITS phylogeny. Plant Systematics and Evolution 249(3-4), 139-49.
^ a b c d Wipff, J. K. Pennisetum Rich.
^ Ozias-Akins, P., et al. (2003). Molecular characterization of the genomic region linked with apomixis in Pennisetum /Cenchrus . Functional & Integrative Genomics, 3(3 ) , 94-104.
^ a b Chemisquy, M. A., et al. (2010). Phylogenetic studies favour the unification of Pennisetum , Cenchrus and Odontelytrum (Poaceae): a combined nuclear, plastid and morphological analysis, and nomenclatural combinations in Cenchrus . Annals of Botany 106(1 ), 107-30.
^ "Pennisetum 'Fairy Tails' . RHS. Retrieved 12 June 2019 .
^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF) . Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 107. Retrieved 12 June 2019 .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pennisetum&oldid=1221881305 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● P e n n i s e t u m ● P o a c e a e g e n e r a ● H i s t o r i c a l l y r e c o g n i z e d a n g i o s p e r m g e n e r a H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● T a x o n b a r s w i t h 2 5 – 2 9 t a x o n I D s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 5 : 0 7 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
