In 2021, Rio & Mannion conducted a new phylogenetic study using a heavily modified morphological data set, and also noted the lack of consensus and difficulty in placing Planocraniidae. In their study, they recovered Planocraniidae within Crocodylia, as the sister grouptoLongirostres, as shown in the cladogram below:[1]
Planocraniids were land-living (terrestrial) crocodyliforms with longer legs than living crocodilians. They grew to a maximum size of 2 to 3 metres (6.6 to 9.8 ft) in length.[12] Nearly complete skeletons of Boverisuchus indicate that planocraniids were more heavily armored than living crocodilians, with bony plates called osteoderms tightly interlocking along the back, completely encasing the tail, and extending down the legs. The claws were blunt and have been described as hoof-like in shape,[13] suggesting that planocraniids may have been unguligrade,[14] walking on the tips of their toes like mammalian ungulates. The areas on the leg bones where muscles attach were in different positions in planocraniids than they are in living crocodilians, possibly as an adaptation to walking on land.[12]
While most crocodilians have flattened skulls, planocraniids had tall and narrow (orlaterally compressed) skulls. Their teeth were also laterally compressed and not conical like those of modern crocodilians. The combination of a laterally compressed skull and laterally compressed teeth is called the "ziphodont" condition.[12]
The teeth of the upper jaw completely overlapped the teeth of the lower jaw when the mouth was closed, giving planocraniids an alligator-like overbite. Planocraniids had a notch between the premaxilla bone at the tip of the upper jaw and the maxilla behind it. Living crocodiles also have this notch, which provides room for the enlarged fourth tooth of the lower jaw when the mouth is closed. In planocraniids the fourth tooth was small and did not fit into the notch.[12]
The evolution of Planocraniidae occurred after the K-T extinction when niches were open. Because of the lack of competition, the Planocraniidae evolved to hunt on land, which would have been almost impossible with the dinosaur clades existing.[15]
^ abcdBrochu, C. A. (2013). "Phylogenetic relationships of Palaeogene ziphodont eusuchians and the status of Pristichampsus Gervais, 1853". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 103 (3–4): 521–550. doi:10.1017/S1755691013000200. S2CID128920027.
^Brochu, C. (2007). "Systematics and phylogenetic relationships of hoofed crocodiles (Pristichampsinae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 27 (3, Suppl): 53A. doi:10.1080/02724634.2007.10010458.
