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Portal:Georgia (country)

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Portal: Georgia

Georgia (Georgian: საქართველო, romanized: sakartvelo, IPA: [sakʰartʰʷelo] ^ⓘ) is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia. It is part of the Caucasus region, bounded by the Black Sea to the west, Russia to the north and northeast, Turkey to the southwest, Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southeast. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900 sq mi). It has a population of 3.7 million, of which over a third live in the capital and largest city, Tbilisi. Georgians, who are native to the region, constitute a majority of the country's population and are its titular nation.

Georgia has been inhabited since prehistory, hosting the world's earliest known sites of winemaking, gold mining, and textiles. The classical era saw the emergence of several kingdoms, such as Colchis and Iberia, that formed the nucleus of the modern Georgian state. In the early fourth century, Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the unification into the Kingdom of Georgia. Georgia reached its Golden Age during the High Middle Ages under the reigns of King David IV and Queen Tamar. Beginning in the 15th century, the kingdom declined and disintegrated under pressure from various regional powers, including the Mongols, the Ottoman Empire, and Persia, before being gradually annexed into the Russian Empire starting in 1801.

After the Russian Revolution in 1917, Georgia briefly emerged as an independent republic under German protection, but was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1922, becoming one of its constituent republics. In the 1980s, an independence movement grew quickly, leading to Georgia's secession from the Soviet Union in April 1991. For much of the subsequent decade, the country endured economic crises, political instability, and secessionist wars in Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Following the peaceful Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia strongly pursued a pro-Western foreign policy, introducing a series of democratic and economic reforms aimed at integration into the European Union and NATO. This Western orientation led to worsening relations with Russia, culminating in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008 and continued Russian occupation of parts of Georgia.

Georgia is a representative democracy governed as a unitary parliamentary republic. It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index. Economic reforms since independence have led to high levels of economic freedom, as well as reductions in corruption indicators. In 2018, it became the second country in the world to legalize cannabis, being the first former socialist state to do so. Georgia is a member of numerous international organizations, including the Council of Europe, Eurocontrol, BSEC, GUAM, Energy Community. As part of the Association Trio, Georgia is a candidate for membership in the European Union. (Full article...)

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Elbit Hermes 450, the model of the drones shot down over Abkhazia

The 2008 Georgian drone shootdowns refer to a series of military incidents involving Georgian unmanned aerial vehicles brought down over the breakaway republic of Abkhazia between March and May 2008. The skirmishes were part of a larger context of tensions between Georgia and Russia, eventually leading up to the Russo-Georgian War.

Georgia's drone program was developed in 2007 when the Georgian government purchased dozens of unmanned aircraft from the Israeli Elbit Systems, using the drones to fly over Abkhazia and document Russian military movements in the region. In February and March 2008, as Moscow increased its ties with the separatist region, Georgia intensified its drone surveillance program. The first drone shootdown took place allegedly on March 18 over the Gali district. (Full article...)

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Gremi, 16th century cathedral in Kakheti.

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Did you know...

...The year she was exiled from Georgia, Meri Shervashidze (pictured), the muse of Galaktion Tabidze, won the title on the 1921 world beauty pageant in Istanbul...

...that Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park with the total area of 5, 3 thousand square kilometers is considered one of the largest national parksinEurope...

...Soviet Russia recognized the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia with the 1920 Treaty of Moscow, provided that no foreign troops not friendly to Russia would ever be stationed on Georgian soil...

...Erekle II (1720-1798), king of Kartl-Kakheti, married three times and had thirteen sons and 10 daughters...

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Regions (clickable map)

Abkhazia

Samegrelo-
Zemo Svaneti

Racha-Lechkhumi
and Kvemo Svaneti

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This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.

The Sukhumi riot was a riotinSukhumi, Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, in July 1989, triggered by an increasing inter-ethnic tensions between the Abkhaz and Georgian communities and followed by several days of street fighting and civil unrest in Sukhumi and throughout Abkhazia.

The riots started as an Abkhaz protest against opening of a branch of Tbilisi State University in Sukhumi, and concluded with looting of the Georgian school which was expected to house the new university on 16 July 1989. The ensuing violence quickly degenerated into a large-scale inter-ethnic confrontation. By the time when the Soviet army managed to temporarily bring the situation under control, the riots resulted in at least 18 dead and 448 injured, mostly Georgians. The first case of inter-ethnic violence in Georgia, it effectively marked the start of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various Georgia-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Nigvziani badrijani (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 2Early Georgian States of Colchis and Iberia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 3Presidents Barack Obama and Mikheil Saakashvili. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 4Photos of the April 9, 1989 Massacre victims (mostly young women) on billboard in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 5Location of Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) and the Russian part of North Caucasus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 6King David the Builder, one of Georgia's greatest kings. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 7British troops marching in Batumi, Georgia in 1920. Following World War I, Britain replaced German troops in Georgia (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 8Royal armour of King Alexander III, early 1600s. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 9A Tatar Fruiterer, 1910, Georgian National Museum (from Niko Pirosmani)
Image 10Ceremonial crown of the Georgian high nobility (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 11Lobio (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 12Kingdom of Lazica. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 13Kingdom of Diauehi. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 14Amedieval illustration of the Georgian king George IV Lasha waging war against the Mongols in 1220. King George is shown in blue garment on a white horse holding a whip. A depiction from La Flor des estoires de la terre d'OrientbyHayton of Corycus. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 15Red Army in Tbilisi (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 16A plate of khinkali (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 17Monastery of Iviron, one of several monastic centers founded abroad by Georgians of the Early Middle Ages. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 18Patera depicting Marcus Aurelius uncovered in central Georgia, 2nd century AD. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 19Ceremonial crown of the Georgian high nobility, an example of metalwork from the early modern period (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 20Kingdom of Georgia during its Golden Age. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 21Leaders of Georgian independence movement in late 1980s, Zviad Gamsakhurdia (left) and Merab Kostava (right) (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 22Coronation of Demetrius I, a fresco from Matskhvarishi, 1140 (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 23Queen Tamar and her father King George III, fresco from Vardzia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 2419th century Georgian noble family: General Solomon Makashvili and family around 1900 (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 25Mother and SonbyNiko Pirosmani (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 262nd century BC bronze torso from Western Georgia, displayed at the Georgian National Museum (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 27Eduard Shevardnadze, second President of Georgia (1995–2003) (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 28Gelati Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 29Mikheil Saakashvili with George W. Bush. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 30Churchkhela (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 31Georgian SSR in 1957–1991, including Abkhazian Autonomous SSR, Adjara ASSR, and South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 32President Zourabichvili (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 33The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline project (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 34Georgian parade armour with golden plates (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 35Georgian folk dance performed by Sukhishvili ensemble (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 36Wall Painting in Georgia's ancient monastery, Shio-Mghvime (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 37Princess Ekaterine resisted Turkish encroachment in Western Georgia. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 38King Solomon I (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 39Dambalkhacho cheese. (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 40Frescoes from the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral, an example of Georgian medieval art depicting ships and monsters at sea. (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 41King Erekle II (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 42Members of the National Council of Georgia, after declaring independence of Georgia, Tbilisi May 26, 1918 (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 43Muraba made from walnut (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 44Prince Ilia Chavchavadze, leader of the Georgian national revival in the 1860s. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 45The construction of Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was initiated in the 1020s by George I. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 46Nino Ananiashvili (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 47Details from Pirosmani's paintings Threshing and Fisherman in a Red Shirt on the 5 lari banknote of the 2017 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
Image 48Bedia Cup of King Bagrat III of Georgia, 999 AD (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 49King Mirian III established Christianity in Georgia as the official state religion in 324. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 50Prince Akaki Tsereteli, prominent Georgian poet and national liberation movement figure. (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 51Adjarian khachapuri. (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 52Chashushuli with bread and salad (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 53Paolo Iashvili, a Georgian poet persecuted by the Soviet authorities (from Culture of Georgia (country))
Image 54Kharcho (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 55Ajapsandali (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 56George III as depicted on a medieval fresco from Vardzia (from History of Georgia (country))
Image 57Niko Pirosmani on a Georgian lari banknote of the 2002 series. (from Niko Pirosmani)
Image 58Spinach pkhali (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 59Chakapuli (from Georgian cuisine)
Image 60A page from a 12th-century Gelati Gospel, an example of Georgian illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages (from Culture of Georgia (country))

Main topics

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Geography...

Geography of Georgia (C)

Regions : (1) Abkhazia - (2) Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti - (3) Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti - (4) Imereti - (5) Shida Kartli - (6) Mtskheta-Mtianeti - (7) Kakheti - (8) Kvemo Kartli - (9) Samtskhe-Javakheti - (10) Adjara - (11) Guria - (12) Tbilisi
Cities : Tbilisi - Kutaisi - Gori - Batumi - Bolnisi - Marneuli - Mtskheta - Ochamchire - Poti - Rustavi - Sokhumi - Chiatura - Telavi - Tskhinvali - Akhalkalaki - Akhaltsikhe - Kaspi - Samtredia - Zugdidi
Seas and lakes : Black Sea - Paravani - Kartsakhi - Paliastomi - Tabatskuri - Khantchali - Djandari - Madatapa - Saghamo - Bazaleti - Lisi - Turtle Lake
Rivers : Kura - Alazani - Aragvi - Liakhvi - Rioni - Tergi - Cholokhi - Chorokhi - Iori - Korolistskali - Machakhlistskali - Inguri - Kodori
Mountains (C) : Caucasus - Pontic Mountains - Greater Caucasus - Lesser Caucasus - Djavakheti Plateau - Armenian highlands - Arabika - Shkhara - Mount Iveria - Mount Didgori - Didi Abuli - Diklosmta - Dzhangi-Tau - Jimara - Kldekari - Lalveri - Latsga - Shaviklde - Shota Rustaveli Peak - Tebulosmta - Tetnuldi - Ushba - Kabargin Oth Group - Mount Kazbek - Mount Khabarjina - Shavnabada
Neighboring countries : Armenia - Azerbaidjan - Russia - Turkey

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History...

History of Georgia (C)

General: History of Georgia - Timeline of Georgia - List of monarchs of Georgia - List of Georgian royal consorts - Noblesse Géorgienne
Periods: Colchis - Iberia - Kingdom of Georgia - Democratic Republic of Georgia - Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic - Georgian Civil War
Wars: Georgian–Seljuk wars - Mongol invasions of Georgia - Timurid invasions of Georgia - Battle of Krtsanisi - Battle of Aspindza - Guerre d'indépendance d'Iméréthie - Red Army invasion of Georgia
- Abkhazia and South Ossetia : War in Abkhazia (1992–1993) - War in Abkhazia (1998) - Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918-1920) - South Ossetia war (1991–1992) - Russo-Georgian War
People: Bagrat III - David IV - Tamar - Demetrius II - Heraclius II - Zviad Gamsakhurdia - Eduard Shevardnadze - Mikhail Saakashvili
Regional histories: History of Abkhazia - History of Adjara - History of Tbilisi

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Culture...

Culture of Georgia (country) (C)

Language : Georgian - Asomtavruli - Mkhedruli - Georgian alphabet - Kartvelian languages - Laz - Megrelian - Svan - Abkhaz - Ossetian
Literature : Amiran-Darejaniani - Conversion of Kartli - Kartlis Tskhovreba - მეფე ფარნავაზის ცხოვრება - Life of Saint Nino - მეფე მირიანის ცხოვრება - Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik - Corpus Areopagiticum - The Martyrdom of Saint Abo - The Vita of Grigol Khandzteli - Oustsoro Karabadini - Histoire des Rois géorgiens - Histoire de la Maison royale Bagration - Chakhrukhadze - Shen Khar Venakhi - Knight in the Panter's Skin - Abdulmesiani
Film : List of Georgian films of the 1920s - Berikaoba - Avant l'Ouragan - April (1961 film) - Repentance (1987 film) - Ashik Kerib (film) - A Chef in Love - 13 Tzameti - Dechantori
Music and dance: Dayereh - Doli - Duduki - Nagara - Zurna - Acharuli - Kartuli
Religion : Georgian mythology - Religion in Georgia - Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia - Georgian Orthodox Church - Saint Nino - Eparchy of Bichvinta and Tskhum-Abkhazia - Diocese of Alanya - Georgian Byzantine-Rite Catholics - Georgian Jews - Islam in Georgia - Freedom of religion in Georgia
Cuisine : Khachapuri - Khinkali - Mtsvadi - Lobio - Sulguni - Tonis puri - Churchkhela - Gozinaki - Gogli Mogli - Tkemali - Ajika - Khmeli Suneli - Satsivi - Burakhi - Chacha - Georgian wine - Lagidze water - Borjomi (water) - Nabeglavi - Sairme

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Economy...

Economy of Georgia (C)

Agriculture : Kakh (cochon) - Caucasien brun (bovidé)
Aviation : Caucasus Airlines - Georgian Airways - Sky Georgia - Euroline - Tbilaviamsheni - Zakavia - Air Georgia - Airzena - Tbilisi Airport - Batoumi Airport - Kopitnari Airport - Soukhoumi-Dranda Airport
Energy : Poti port - Kulevi - Supsa - Baku-Supsa oil pipeline - Baku-Tbilisi-Ceikhan pipeline - ბაქო-თბილისი-ერზერუმის ნავთობსადენი - ბაქო-ბათუმის ნავთობსადენი - Oléoduc Géorgie-Ukraine-UE - GOGC - Wissol Petroleum - Telasi - Enguri HES - Centrale éléctrique de Khrami - ხუდონჰესი - ლაჯანურჰესი - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Namakhiani - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Samtskhè-Javakhétie - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Tskhinvali - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Tvichi - ვარდნილჰესი - Centrale hydroéléctrique de Jonétie.
Transport : Tbilisi Metro - Limitations de vitesse en Géorgie - Plaque d'immatriculation géorgienne
Tourism : Bagrati Cathedral - Gelati Monastery - Svetitskhoveli - Djvari Monasteri - Mestia - Svaneti - Ushguli - Bakuriani - Gudauri - Likani - Tskaltubo - Shovi - Tbilisi Botanical Garden - Batumi Botanical Garden - Bordjomi-Kharagauli National Park - ვაშლოვანის ეროვნული პარკი - კოლხეთის ეროვნული პარკი - სოხუმის ბოტანიკური ბაღი - Gremi - Dmanisi - Surami - საქართველოს ხელოვნების მუზეუმი - Armazi - თბილისის ეთნოგრაფიული მუზეუმი
Media : Rustavi 2 - Imedi TV - 24 Saati
Companies : KAZ - Badagoni - SS Madneuli -
Finance : Georgian banks - Georgian National Bank - TBC Bank - Bank of Georgia - Procredit Bank - Bourse de Géorgie - Marque doré - Mines en Géorgie - Lari - Tetri

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Healthcare...

Healthcare in Georgia (country)

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Politics...

Politics of Georgia (country) (C)

Institutions : President of Georgia - Prime Minister of Georgia - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia - List of Georgian ministries
Political parties : MND - PND - Republicans - Industry Saves Georgia - CG - Conservatives
Politicians : Mikheil Saakashvili - Nikoloz Gilauri - David Bakradze - Vano Merabishvili - Grigol Vashadze - Irakli Alasania - Gia Baramia - Levan Varshalomidze - Dimitri Sanakoev

Flag - Coat of arms - Anthem

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Sports...

Sport in Georgia (country)

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Tourism...

Tourism in Georgia (country)

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People...

Famous Georgians (C)

Writers : Shota Rustaveli - Elene Bochorishvili - Lasha Bugadze - Galaktion Tabidze- Ilia Chavchavadze - Paolo Iashvili - Vakhushti Bagrationi - Ioane Bolneli - Vakhtang VI - Petre Gruzinski
Actors/Directors : Otar Ioseliani - Tengiz Abuladze - Gela Babluani - Nana Jorjadze - Revaz Gabriadze - Mikheil Kalatozov - Dover Kosashvili
Singers/Composers : Liza Baratashvili - Eliso Bolkvadze - Gia Kancheli - Eliso Virsaladze - Eteri Pagava - Katty Melua
Painters : Vera Pagava - Niko Pirosmani - Lado Gudiashvili - Elene Akhvlediani
Public benefactors : Ivane Bagration-Mukhraneli - Giorgi Kartvelishvili - Giorgi Machabeli - Zurab Tsereteli - Kakhi Asatiani
Scientists :Nikoloz Muskhelishvili

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The panoramic view of ski resort Bakuriani in wintertime.

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