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RD-250 (РД-250) Country of origin USSR First flight December 16th, 1965 Designer OKB-456 Manufacturer PA Yuzhmash Associated LV R-36 , Tsyklon-2 and Tsyklon-3 Status Out of Production Propellant N 2 O 4 UDMH Mixture ratio 2.6 Cycle Gas-generator Chamber 2 Thrust, vacuum 882 kN (198,000 lbf) Thrust, sea-level 788 kN (177,000 lbf) Chamber pressure 8.33 MPa (1,208 psi) Specific impulse , vacuum301 s (2.95 km/s) Specific impulse , sea-level270 s (2.6 km/s) Dry mass 788 kg (1,737 lb ) R-36 , Tsyklon-2 and Tsyklon-3 first stageReferences [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
The RD-250 (GRAU Index 8D518 ) is the base version of a dual-nozzle family of liquid rocket engines , burning N 2 O 4 UDMH in the gas-generator open cycle .[7] OKB-456 for Yangel 's PA Yuzhmash ICBM , the R-36 (8K67). Its variations were also used on the Tsyklon-2 and Tsyklon-3 launch vehicles. It was supposed to be used on the Tsyklon-4 , but since the cancellation of the project it should be considered as out of production.
Versions [ edit ]
The engine has seen different versions made:
RD-250 (GRAU Index 8D518 ): Base engine of the family. Used on the R-36 . A bundle of three RD-250 form the RD-251 cluster.
RD-250P (GRAU Index 8D518P ): Improved version of the RD-250. Used on the R-36P . A bundle of three RD-250P form the RD-251P cluster.
RD-250M (GRAU Index 8D518M ): Improved version of the RD-250P. Used on the R-36-O . A bundle of three RD-250M form the RD-251M cluster.
RD-250PM (GRAU Index 8D518PM ): Improved version of the RD-250M. Used on the Tsyklon-3 . A bundle of three RD-250PM form the RD-261 cluster.
RD-252 (GRAU Index 8D724 ): Vacuum optimized version of the RD-250. Used on the R-36 and Tsyklon-2 second stages.[4]
RD-262 (GRAU Index 11D26 ): Improved version of the RD-252. Used on the Tsyklon-3 second stages.[8]
Modules [ edit ]
Some of these engines were bundled into modules of multiple engines. The relevant modules and auxiliary engines are:
RD-251 (GRAU Index 8D723 ): A module comprising three RD-250. Propulsion module of the R-36 (8K67) first stage.[3]
RD-251P (GRAU Index 8D723P ): A module comprising three RD-250P. Propulsion module of the R-36P (8K68) first stage.
RD-251M (GRAU Index 8D723M ): A module comprising three RD-250M. Propulsion module of the R-36-O (8K69) and Tsyklon-2 first stage.
RD-261 (GRAU Index 11D69 ): A module comprising three RD-250PM. Propulsion module of the Tsyklon-3 first stage.[9]
Comparison [ edit ]
RD-250 Family of Engines[1]
Engine
RD-250
RD-250P
RD-250M
RD-250PM
RD-252
RD-262
GRAU
8D518
8D518P
8D518M
8D518PM
8D724
11D26
Module
RD-251
RD-251P
RD-251M
RD-261
N/A
N/A
Module GRAU
8D723
8D723P
8D723M
11D69
N/A
N/A
Development
1962-1966
1967-1968
1966-1968
1968-1970
1962-1966
1968-1970
Propellant
N 2 O 4 UDMH
Combustion chamber pressure
8.336 MPa (1,209.0 psi)
8.924 MPa (1,294.3 psi)
Thrust, vacuum
881.6 kN (198,200 lbf)
881.6 kN (198,200 lbf)
881.6 kN (198,200 lbf)
881.7 kN (198,200 lbf)
940.8 kN (211,500 lbf)
941.4 kN (211,600 lbf)
Thrust, sea level
788.5 kN (177,300 lbf)
788.5 kN (177,300 lbf)
788.5 kN (177,300 lbf)
788.7 kN (177,300 lbf)
N/A
N/A
I sp 301 s (2.95 km/s)
301 s (2.95 km/s)
301 s (2.95 km/s)
301.4 s (2.956 km/s)
317.6 s (3.115 km/s)
318 s (3.12 km/s)
I sp 270 s (2.6 km/s)
270 s (2.6 km/s)
270 s (2.6 km/s)
269.6 s (2.644 km/s)
N/A
N/A
Length
2,600 mm (100 in )
2,600 mm (100 in )
2,600 mm (100 in )
N/A
2,190 mm (86 in )
2,190 mm (86 in )
Diameter
1,000 mm (39 in )
1,000 mm (39 in )
1,000 mm (39 in )
N/A
2,590 mm (102 in )
2,590 mm (102 in )
Dry weight
728 kg (1,605 lb )
728 kg (1,605 lb )
728 kg (1,605 lb )
N/A
715 kg (1,576 lb )
715 kg (1,576 lb )
Use
R-36 (8K67) 1st stageR-36P (8K67P) 1st stageR-36-O (8K67-O)Tsyklon-2 1st stageTsyklon-3 1st stageR-36, R36P, R-36-O,
Tsyklon-3 2nd stage
Possible technological transfer to North Korea [ edit ]
Several experts think that technology from the RD-250 engine could have been transferred to North Korea from Ukraine. This transfer would explain the rapid progress of North Korea in the development of two new missiles: the intermediate-range Hwasong-12 and the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), Hwasong-14 . Due to complexity of the technology involved in this type of engine, modifications or reverse engineering seem difficult to achieve. Thus it is believable that complete hardware could have been bought on black market and directly shipped to North Korea, by Russia or Ukraine.[10] [11] R-36 missile engines, or an entire missile, from USSR or Russia.
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ "RD-250" . Encyclopedia Astronautica . Archived from the original on August 26, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-20 .
^ a b "RD-251" . Encyclopedia Astronautica . Archived from the original on June 26, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-20 .
^ a b "RD-252" . Encyclopedia Astronautica . Archived from the original on May 31, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-20 .
^ Pillet, Nicolas. "Tsiklone - Le premier étage" [Tsyklon - The first stage] (in French). Kosmonavtika.com. Retrieved 2016-07-04 .
^ Pillet, Nicolas. "Tsiklone - Le deuxième étage" [Tsyklon - The second stage] (in French). Kosmonavtika.com. Retrieved 2016-07-04 .
^ "The RD-250 engine at the center of an international storm" . www.russianspaceweb.com . Retrieved 2023-01-03 .
^ "RD-262" . Encyclopedia Astronautica . Archived from the original on October 28, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-20 .
^ "RD-261" . Encyclopedia Astronautica . Archived from the original on June 27, 2002. Retrieved 2015-06-20 .
^ "The secret to North Korea's ICBM success" . www.iiss.org . Retrieved 2017-08-15 .
^ North Korean Missile Engines: Not from Ukraine , Mariana Budjeryn & Andrew Zhalko-Tytarenko, Atlantic Council , 2017-09-12
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* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations
Engines in italics are under development
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RD-250&oldid=1229918171 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● R o c k e t e n g i n e s o f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n ● R o c k e t e n g i n e s u s i n g h y p e r g o l i c p r o p e l l a n t ● R o c k e t e n g i n e s u s i n g t h e g a s - g e n e r a t o r c y c l e ● E n e r g o m a s h r o c k e t e n g i n e s ● Y u z h m a s h r o c k e t e n g i n e s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 F r e n c h - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( fr ) ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 1 9 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 2 : 2 3 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
