SCICEX, standing for Scientific Ice Expeditions, was a five-year (1995–1999) scientific research program involving a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and academic researchers from a variety of different universities. The object of study was geophysical and oceanological conditions in the Arctic Ocean. The Navy made available a nuclear submarine for each research cruise.
Margo Edwards was the chief scientist for the 1999 expedition[1] and spent thirteen days on the USS Hawkbill, thereby becoming the first women to live aboard a Navy nuclear submarine during under-ice operations.[2] Edwards' research found evidence of climate change in the Arctic, including thinning sea ice,[3] volcanoes on the seafloor,[4] and warm water moving into the Arctic from the Atlantic Ocean.[2] These data are available for anyone to view.[5]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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