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scolopendra in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Scolopendra Latin from Greek σκολόπενδρα centipedes of the family Scolopendridae .
Description
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The genus Scolopendra contains many species of centipedes found across the world's tropics and warmer temperate areas. The species vary considerably in coloration and size. Scolopendra are mostly very large centipedes. The largest species found in tropical climates can exceed 30 cm (12 in ) and are the largest living centipedes in the world.[2] Scolopendra species can deliver a painful bite , injecting venom through their forcipules , which are not fangs or other mouthparts; rather, these are modified legs on the first body segment.
Ecology
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Scolopendra species are active predators , feeding primarily on insects and other invertebrates. Larger specimens have been observed preying on frogs , tarantulas , lizards , birds , snakes , rodents , and even bats .[3] S. cataracta S. paradoxa S. alcyona Ryukyu Islands , are amphibious, as these species can travel underwater by swimming or walking.[4] [5] [6]
Venom
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The venom of most species is not medically significant; however, bites from several species can cause intense and long-lasting pain and swelling. Large Scolopendra species from Asian/Pacific regions, such as Scolopendra subspinipes Scolopendra dehaani , are particularly potent, and have caused one reported fatality.[7] Scolopendra gigantea [8] Scolopendra species were found to contain compounds such as serotonin , haemolytic phospholipase , a cardiotoxic protein , and a cytolysin .[9]
Taxonomic history
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Scolopendra was one of the genera created by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae , the starting point for zoological nomenclature . Only two of the species originally assigned to the genus remain so: Scolopendra gigantea S. morsitans type species by Opinion 454 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ,[2] Pierre André Latreille , in which he chose Linnaeus' Scolopendra forficata (now Lithobius forficatus [10]
Species
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The genus Scolopendra contains these species:[1] [11]
Scolopendra afer (Meinert, 1886)
Scolopendra alcyona Tsukamoto & Shimano, 2021
Scolopendra algerina Newport, 1845
Scolopendra alternans Leach, 1813
Scolopendra andhrensis Jangi & Dass, 1984
Scolopendra angulata Newport, 1844
Scolopendra angusticollis Murray, 1887
Scolopendra anomia Newport, 1844
Scolopendra appendiculata Daday, 1891
Scolopendra arenicola (Lawrence, 1975)
Scolopendra arthrorhabdoides Ribaut, 1912
Scolopendra attemsi Lewis, Minelli & Shelley, 2006
Scolopendra aztecorum Verhoeff, 1934
Scolopendra calcarata Porat, 1876
Scolopendra canidens Newport, 1844
Scolopendra cataracta Siriwut , Edgecombe & Panha , 2016[11]
Scolopendra childreni Newport, 1844
Scolopendra chlora Chamberlin, 1942
Scolopendra chlorotes C. L. Koch, 1856
Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829
Scolopendra clavipes C. L. Koch, 1847
Scolopendra concolor Newport, 1845
Scolopendra crassa Templeton, 1846
Scolopendra cretica Attems, 1902
Scolopendra cribrifera Gervais, 1847
Scolopendra crudelis C. L. Koch, 1847
Scolopendra dalmatica C. L. Koch, 1847
Scolopendra dawydoffi Kronmüller, 2012
Scolopendra dehaani Brandt, 1840
Scolopendra ellorensis Jangi & Dass, 1984
Scolopendra fissispina L. Koch, 1865
Scolopendra foveolata Verhoeff, 1937
Scolopendra galapagoensis Bollman, 1889
Scolopendra gigantea Linnaeus , 1758
Scolopendra gracillima Attems, 1898
Scolopendra hainanum Kronmüller, 2012
Scolopendra hardwickei Newport, 1844
Scolopendra hermosa Chamberlin, 1941
Scolopendra heros Girard, 1853
Scolopendra horrida C. L. Koch, 1847
Scolopendra inaequidens Gervais, 1847
Scolopendra indiae (Chamberlin, 1914)
Scolopendra indica Meinert, 1886
Scolopendra inermipes C. L. Koch, 1847
Scolopendra inermis Newport, 1845
Scolopendra jangii Khanna & Yadav, 1997
Scolopendra japonica Koch, 1878
Scolopendra koreana (Verhoeff, 1934)
Scolopendra labiata C. L. Koch, 1863
Scolopendra laeta Haase, 1887
Scolopendra langi (Chamberlin, 1927)
Scolopendra latro Meinert, 1886
Scolopendra leki (Waldock & Edgecombe 2012)
Scolopendra limicolor Wood, 1861
Scolopendra lucasii Gervais, 1847
Scolopendra lufengia S. Kang et al. , 2017 [12]
Scolopendra lutea (Attems, 1928)
Scolopendra madagascariensis Attems, 1910
Scolopendra malkini Chamberlin, 1955
Scolopendra mazbii Gravely, 1912
Scolopendra media (Muralewicz, 1926)
Scolopendra melionii Lucas, 1853
Scolopendra metuenda Pocock, 1895
Scolopendra michoacana Chamberlin, 1941
Scolopendra mima Chamberlin, 1942
Scolopendra mirabilis (Porat, 1876)
Scolopendra monticola (Lawrence, 1975)
Scolopendra morsitans Linnaeus , 1758
Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844
Scolopendra negrocapitis Zhang & Wang, 1999
Scolopendra nuda (Jangi & Dass, 1980)
Scolopendra occidentalis F. Meinert, 1886
Scolopendra octodentata Verhoeff, 1934
Scolopendra oraniensis Lucas, 1846
Scolopendra paradoxa Doménech, 2018
Scolopendra pachygnatha Pocock, 1895
Scolopendra paranuda (Khanna & Tripathi, 1987)
Scolopendra pentagramma Motschoulsky, 1886
Scolopendra pinguis Pocock, 1891
Scolopendra polymorpha Wood, 1861
Scolopendra pomacea C. L. Koch, 1847
Scolopendra puncticeps Wood, 1861
Scolopendra punensis Jangi & Dass, 1984
Scolopendra robusta Kraepelin, 1903
Scolopendra sanatillae Bollman, 1893
Scolopendra silhetensis Newport, 1845
Scolopendra spinipriva Bücherl, 1946
Scolopendra spinosissima Kraepelin, 1903
Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1816
Scolopendra sumichrasti Saussure, 1860
Scolopendra tenuitarsis Pocock, 1895
Scolopendra teretipes (Porat,1893)
Scolopendra valida Lucas, 1840
Scolopendra violacea Fabricius, 1798
Scolopendra viridicornis Newport, 1844
Scolopendra viridipes Dufour, 1820
Scolopendra viridis Say, 1821
Scolopendra zuluana (Lawrence, 1958)
One fossil species, †Scolopendra proavita Baltic amber deposits from the Eocene of Poland .[13] S. morsitans as S. (cf ) morsitans ) are also known from Pliocene -aged rocks in the Makapansgat of South Africa.[14]
Species gallery
[ edit ]
S. viridis
S. canidens
S. viridis maya
S. multidens
S. aztecorum
S. hermosa
S. dalmatica
S. viridis viridis
S. valida
See also
[ edit ]
References
[ edit ]
^ a b R. M. Shelley & S. B. Kiser (2000). "Neotype designation and a diagnostic account for the centipede, Scolopendra gigantea L. 1758, with an account of S. galapagoensis Bollman 1889 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha Scolopendridae)" (PDF ) . Tropical Zoology 13 1 ): 159–170. doi :10.1080/03946975.2000.10531129 S2CID 83560131 .
^ J. Molinari, E. E. Gutiérrez, A. A. de Ascenção, J. M. Nassar, A. Arends & R. J. Márquez (2005). "Predation by giant centipedes, Scolopendra gigantea , on three species of bats in a Venezuelan cave" (PDF) . Caribbean Journal of Science 41 2 ): 340–346. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-09. {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). "Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first" . The Guardian . Retrieved 1 July 2016 .
^ Bates, M. (26 June 2016). " . National Geographic . Archived from the original on June 26, 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016 .
^ Doménech, Carles; Barbera, Victor M.; Larriba, Eduardo (24 September 2018). "A phylogenetic approach to the Philippines endemic centipedes of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae), with the description of a new species" Zootaxa . 4483 (3 ): 401–427. doi :10.11646/zootaxa.4483.3.1 . PMID 30313775 . S2CID 52975027 . "A phylogenetic approach to the Philippines endemic centipedes of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae), with the description of a new species" . 24 September 2018.
^ S. P. Bush, B. O. King, R. L. Norris & S. A. Stockwell (2001). "Centipede envenomation" . Wilderness & Environmental Medicine . 12 2 ): 93–99. doi :10.1580/1080-6032(2001)012[0093:CE]2.0.CO;2 PMID 11434497 . {{cite journal }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
^ Aguilera, María; Díaz, Gienah (13 November 2014). "Niño de 4 años murió tras ser picado por ciempiés gigante" . El Tiempo the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2018 .
^ Robert L. Norris (November 19, 2008). "Centipede Envenomation" . eMedicine . Retrieved October 29, 2010 .
^ Ralph E. Crabill Jr. (1955). "Proposed use of the plenary powers to designate for the genus "Scolopendra " Linnaeus (Class Myriapoda) a type species in harmony with the accustomed usage" . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 11 4 ): 134–136. doi :10.5962/bhl.part.2832
^ a b Siriwut, Warut; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Tongkerd, Piyoros; Panha, Somsak (May 17, 2016). "A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus , 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos" . ZooKeys doi :10.3897/zookeys.590.7950 PMC 4926625 PMID 27408540 .
^ GBIF https://www.gbif.org/species/10427121 Scolopendra lufengia
^ "Fossilworks: Scolopendra proavita" . fossilworks.org . Retrieved 17 December 2021 .
^ "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database" . fossilworks.org . Retrieved 17 December 2021 .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scolopendra&oldid=1226382807 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● C e n t i p e d e g e n e r a ● S c o l o p e n d r a H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● C S 1 m a i n t : m u l t i p l e n a m e s : a u t h o r s l i s t ● C S 1 S p a n i s h - l a n g u a g e s o u r c e s ( es ) ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g A n c i e n t G r e e k ( t o 1 4 5 3 ) - l a n g u a g e t e x t ● A r t i c l e s w i t h J 9 U i d e n t i f i e r s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 3 0 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 8 : 2 3 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
