Contents

Seoul Subway Line 1

Subway line in Seoul, South Korea

Line 1
Seoul Metro 1000 series EMU in December 2017 (bottom) Korail Class 311000 series EMU in February 2021 (top)
Overview
Native name	1호선(一號線) Il Hoseon
Status	Operational
Owner	Seoul Special City, South Korean Government
Line number	1
Locale	Seoul Capital Area
Termini	Yeoncheon Incheon / Sinchang / Gwangmyeong / Seodongtan
Stations	102 Seoul Metro: 10 Korail: 92
Service
Type	Rapid transit / Commuter Rail
System	Seoul Metropolitan Subway
Services	Local: Yeoncheon / Soyosan / Dongducheon ↔ Incheon, Kwangwoon U ↔ Seodongtan / Cheonan / Sinchang, Yeongdeungpo ↔ Gwangmyeong Express: Cheongnyangni ↔ Cheonan / Sinchang, Dongducheon ↔ Incheon (AM Rush & off-peak weekdays), Yongsan ↔ Dongincheon, Seoul Station ↔ Cheonan/Sinchang (weekday RH, peak direction only)
Operator(s)	Seoul Metro, Korail
History
Opened	August 15, 1974
Technical
Line length	218.3 km (135.6 mi) Seoul Metro: 7.8 km (4.8 mi)[1] Korail: 210.5 km (130.8 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	1,500 V DC (Seoul Metro section) 25 kV AC at 60 Hz (Korail section)
Operating speed	110 km/h (68 mph)
Route map Legend Gyeongwon Line ↑Yeoncheon/Dongducheon↓ 0.0 Soyosan 2.5 Dongducheon 4.1 Bosan 5.5 Dongducheon Jungang 6.5 Jihaeng 12.1 Deokjeong 15.0 Deokgye Majeon Signal Box 20.3 Yangju 21.9 Nogyang ←Gyooe Line 23.2 Ganeung 24.4 Uijeongbu 26.0 Hoeryong 27.4 Mangwolsa ↑Uijeongbu/Seoul↓ 29.7 Dobongsan 30.9 Dobong 32.2 Banghak 33.9 Chang-dong 34.9 Nokcheon 36.3 Wolgye formal Gyeongchun Line 37.4 Kwangwoon Univ. 38.5 Seokgye Imun Rail Yard 39.9 Sinimun Mangu Line(     Gyeongchun Line)→ 40.7 Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies      Gyeongui–Jungang Line      Gyeongchun Line→ 41.5 Hoegi ↑AC section/DC section↓ (neutral section)      Gyeongui–Jungang Line      Gyeongchun Line 42.9 Cheongnyangni      Gyeongui–Jungang Line→ 43.9 Jegi-dong connection line→ 44.8 Sinseol-dong 45.5 Dongmyo Since 2005 46.1 Dongdaemun 46.9 Jongno 5(o)-ga 47.8 Jongno 3(sam)-ga 48.6 Jonggak 49.6 City Hall (↖)Gyeongui Line, (→) 50.7 Seoul Station (←), (→) ↑DC section/AC section↓ (neutral section) 52.4 Namyeong ←     Gyeongui–Jungang Line 53.9 Yongsan Yongsan Triangular line Yongsan Rail Yard (closed) Han River 56.5 Noryangjin 58.0 Daebang 58.8 Singil 59.8 Yeongdeungpo 61.3 Sindorim 62.4 Guro ←Gyeongin (toIncheon) Guro Rail Yard Northbound/Southbound 64.8 Gasan Digital Complex 66.8 Doksan 68.0 Geumcheon-gu Office ←Gyeongbu high-speed railway (Siheung connecting line) (72.7) Gwangmyeong 70.3 Seoksu 72.2 Gwanak 74.6 Anyang 76.8 Myeonghak → 78.2 Geumjeong ← 80.4 Gunpo 81.6 Dangjeong 84.6 Uiwang 87.5 Sungkyunkwan Univ. 90.1 Hwaseo 92.2 Suwon      Suin–Bundang Line 95.1 Seryu 99.4 Byeongjeom Byeongjeom Rail Yard (101.6) Seodongtan 101.8 Sema 104.5 Osan Univ. 107.2 Osan 111.2 Jinwi 115.0 Songtan 117.2 Seojeongni 122.0 PyeongtaekJije 125.7 Pyeongtaek 135.1 Seonghwan 140.5 Jiksan 144.3 Dujeong 147.3 Cheonan Gyeongbu Line (toDaejeon→ 148.8 Bongmyeong 150.3 Ssangyong 151.8 Asan ←Gyeongbu high-speed railway→ Tangjeong 156.7 Baebang 161.6 Onyangoncheon 166.7 Sinchang Janghang Line (toIksan station)

Seoul Subway Line 1 (dubbed The Dark Blue Line) of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway is a rapid transit and commuter rail line which links central Seoul, South KoreatoYeoncheon in the northeast, Incheon in the southwest, and Sinchang via Suwon and Cheonan in the south. The central underground portion of Line 1, running underneath Sejongno, Jongno, and Wangsan-ro avenues along Seoul's traditional downtown area, is the oldest subway-operated section in the Seoul Metropolitan Subway system. Its branches and services cover a large part of the Seoul Capital Area; totaling 218.3 km (135.6 mi) in route length.

The underground section between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni station, which is referred to as Seoul Metro Line 1 (7.8 km [4.8 mi]) after its operator, is currently operated by Seoul Metro, and is electrified at the subway standard of 1.5 kV DC.^[1][2] The line first opened in 1974 as the Korean National Railroad of Seoul with through services to newly-electrified (at the mainline KNR standard of 25 kV AC 60 Hz) national mainline railways from Seongbuk station (now: Kwangwoon University station) to Incheon and Suwon Stations.^[3] This was the first electrified rapid transit line and service in South Korea and the second in the Korean Peninsula after the Pyongyang MetroinNorth Korea opened the year before.

Frequent service is provided between Soyosan, Dongducheon, Uijeongbu, Cheongnyangni, Seoul, Yongsan, and Guro, where trains split between Incheon in the west and Byeongjeom and Cheonan in the south. Express trains operate from Yongsan and Seoul stations to Dongincheon and Sinchang stations. Trains run every 3-6 min in the central route between Seoul Station and Cheongnyangni, every 6-9 min between Seoul and Guro, every 8-10 min between Guro and Incheon and between Guro and Byeongjeom, every 10-15 min from Byeongjeom to Cheonan, and every 35 min between Cheonan and Sinchang and service up to the Dongducheon area and Soyosan station.

Service to Yeoncheon is approximately once per hour, limited due to the single track section approaching Soyosan station. This service is meant to be the replacement for the Gyeongwon line commuter trains, which began at Dongducheon station prior to its closure.

Trains travel along Gyeongbu (Seoul-Cheonan), Gyeongin (Guro-Incheon), Janghang (Cheonan-Sinchang), and Gyeongwon (Hoegi-Yeoncheon) railway lines. The line runs on the left-hand side of the track, as opposed to the right-hand side of the track like all other Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines (another exception to this is Seoul Subway Line 4 although it runs on the right-hand side until Namtaeryeong station, and operates on the left-hand side for the parts afterwards)^[4] since railways in Korea generally run on the left side.

Rapid (Express) trains[edit]

Korail operates a variety of express "rapid" (Korean: 급행 geup-haeng, Hanja: 急行) trains for long distance commuter services on Line 1. These services include:

• Gyeongin line express services from Yongsan to Dongincheon, operating express between Guro and Dongincheon, including:
  • Regular express services, introduced on January 29, 1999, following quadruple-tracking of the Gyeongin Line.
  • Faster limited express (Korean: 특급 teuk-geup, Hanja: 特急) trains, introduced on July 7, 2017.
• Gyeongbu line express services from Cheongnyangni to Cheonan or Sinchang, operating express between Gasan Digital Complex and Cheonan and running local elsewhere.
• Green Gyeongbu line express service from Seoul Station to Cheonan or Sinchang, originating at a platform adjacent to Seoul Station, skipping all stations between Seoul Station and Geumcheon-gu Office Station, making intermediate stops at Anyang, Gunpo, Uiwang, and Sungkyunkwan University, and then following the red Gyeongbu line express service pattern south of Suwon. Northbound services (departing from Cheonan/Sinchang and terminating at Seoul Station) stop at Yeongdeungpo station, but southbound services are unable to due to the lack of a raised platform. This service was introduced on September 25, 1982.^[5]
• Gyeongwon line express services from Dongducheon to Incheon, operating express between Dongducheon and Kwangwoon University and running local between Incheon and Kwangwoon University.

Former express services include:

• One late night Gyeongin line express service that originated at Soyosan, made all stops to Guro, then made express stops until Incheon.
• Yeongdeungpo-Byeongjeom Gyeongbu line express service, skipping all stations between Yeongdeungpo and Anyang and then following the Yeongsan-Cheonan/Sinchang express service pattern south of Anyang until Byeongjeom. This service was introduced on August 25, 2014 and was discontinued on December 9, 2016.
• Two faster Yongsan-Sinchang limited express trains (one in each direction), introduced in 2013. This train only operated on weekends and holidays. It was discontinued on July 1, 2018.

Electrification[edit]

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Seoul Subway Line 1 is powered by 1500 V direct current on the underground tunnel segment between Cheongnyangni station and Seoul Station, and by 25000 V alternating current (60 Hertz frequency) on the rest of the line. Because of this different manner of offering electric current, there are neutral sections between Cheongnyangni station and Hoegi station, as well as between Seoul Station and Namyeong station. All Line 1 rolling stock are similarly required to be multi-system compatible with both electrification systems.

Stations[edit]

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Until 2000, the 7.8 km (4.8 mi) underground city-center portion run by Seoul Metro Corporation—one of Seoul Metro's predecessors—was the only section properly referred to as Line 1 and labeled red on maps. On the other hand, the remaining sections of the rail line run by Korail were referred to as Korean National Railroad of Seoul and the local all-stop services labeled either blue or gray on maps, while the express services were labelled thin red. Since 2000, all adjacent through-running Korail services from the Gyeongbu, Gyeongin and Gyeongwon Lines, as well as later Korail-operated extensions and branches, are officially bundled together with the aforementioned underground portion as part of a greater Line 1, and the labeling on maps was changed and standardized to the current dark blue color (as illustrated in the map below); also to avoid confusion with Line 4's light blue color. (A slightly different shade of red is now used to label the Shinbundang Line which opened in 2011.)

Main Lines[edit]

Local lines:

• Yeoncheon, Dongducheon, Uijeongbu or Yangju — Incheon
• Uijeongbu (3 times only on weekdays), Kwangwoon Univ. or Cheongnyangni — Cheonan, Sinchang, or Seodongtan
• Yeongdeungpo — Gwangmyeong (shuttle)

Express lines:

• GW: Gyeongwon Express (Dongducheon - Incheon)
• GI: Gyeongin Express (Yongsan – Dongincheon)
• GI LE: Gyeongin Limited Express (Yongsan – Dongincheon)
• GB A: Gyeongbu Express (Cheongnyangni – Cheonan or Sinchang)
• GB B: Gyeongbu Express (Seoul – Cheonan or Sinchang)

※ Only Korail trains are used for express trains.
Key:

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	GW	GI	GI LE	GB A	GB B	Transfer	Line Name	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location
100	Soyosan	소요산	逍遙山		No service		No service	No service		Gyeongwon Line	---	0.0	Gyeonggi-do	Dongducheon-si
101	Dongducheon	동두천	東豆川	●							2.5	2.5
102	Bosan	보산	保山	｜							1.6	4.1
103	Dongducheon Jungang	동두천중앙	東豆川中央	●							1.4	5.5
104	Jihaeng	지행	紙杏	●							1.0	6.5
105	Deokjeong (Seojeong Univ.)	덕정 (서정대학교)	德亭	●							5.6	12.1		Yangju-si
106	Deokgye	덕계	德溪	｜							2.9	15.0
107	Yangju (Kyungdong Univ.)	양주 (경동대)	楊州	●							5.3	20.3
108	Nogyang	녹양	綠揚	｜							1.6	21.9		Uijeongbu-si
109	Ganeung (Eulji Univ. Medical Center)	가능 (을지대병원)	佳陵	｜							1.3	23.2
110	Uijeongbu	의정부	議政府	●							1.2	24.4
111	Hoeryong	회룡	回龍	●							1.6	26.0
112	Mangwolsa (Shinhan Univ. Campus Number 1)	망월사 (신한대 제1캠퍼스)	望月寺	｜							1.4	27.4
113	Dobongsan	도봉산	道峰山	●							2.3	29.7	Seoul	Dobong-gu
114	Dobong	도봉	道峰	｜							1.2	30.9
115	Banghak (Dobong-gu Office)	방학 (도봉구청)	放鶴	｜							1.3	32.2
116	Chang-dong	창동	倉洞	●							1.7	33.9
117	Nokcheon	녹천	鹿川	｜							1.0	34.9
118	Wolgye (Induk Univ.)	월계 (인덕대학)	月溪	｜							1.4	36.3		Nowon-gu
119	Kwangwoon Univ.	광운대	光云大	●							1.1	37.4
120	Seokgye	석계	石溪	Makes all stops							1.1	38.5
121	Sinimun	신이문	新里門								1.4	39.9		Dongdaemun-gu
122	Hankuk Univ. of Foreign Studies	외대앞	外大앞								0.8	40.7
123	Hoegi	회기	回基								0.8	41.5
124	Cheongnyangni (University of Seoul)	청량리 (서울시립대입구)	淸凉里				Makes all stops		Mugunghwa-ho, Nuriro, ITX-Saemaeul, A-Train, DMZ Train & ITX-Cheongchun services	Seoul Metro Line 1	1.4	42.9
125	Jegi-dong (Korea Association of Health Promotion)	제기동 (한국건강관리협회)	祭基洞								1.0	43.9
126	Sinseol-dong	신설동	新設洞						(Seongsu Branch)		0.9	44.8
127	Dongmyo	동묘앞	東廟앞								0.7	45.5		Jongno-gu
128	Dongdaemun	동대문	東大門								0.6	46.1
129	Jongno 5(o)-ga	종로5가	鍾路5街								0.8	46.9
130	Jongno 3(sam)-ga	종로3가	鍾路3街								0.9	47.8
131	Jonggak (Standard Chartered Bank Korea)	종각 (SC제일은행)	鐘閣								0.8	48.6
132	City Hall	시청	市廳								1.0	49.6		Jung-gu
133	Seoul Station	서울역	서울驛					●	(Seoul Station branch) Mugunghwa-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, S-Train & DMZ Train services		1.1	50.7
134	Namyeong	남영	南營					｜		Gyeongbu Line	1.7	52.4		Yongsan-gu
135	Yongsan	용산	龍山		●	●		｜	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, ITX-Cheongchun & G-Train services		1.5	53.9
136	Noryangjin	노량진	鷺梁津		●	●		｜			2.6	56.5		Dongjak-gu
137	Daebang	대방	大方		●	｜		｜			1.5	58.0		Yeongdeungpo-gu
138	Singil	신길	新吉		●	｜		｜			0.8	58.8
139	Yeongdeungpo	영등포	永登浦		●	●		●↑	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho & ITX-Saemaeul services		1.0	59.8
140	Sindorim	신도림	新道林		●	●		｜			1.5	61.3		Guro-gu
141	Guro	구로	九老		●	●		｜			1.1	62.4
142	Guil (Dongyang Mirae Univ.)	구일 (동양미래대학)	九一		｜	｜	No service			Gyeongin Line	1.4	63.8
143	Gaebong	개봉	開峰		●	｜					1.0	64.8
144	Oryu-dong	오류동	梧柳洞		｜	｜					1.3	66.1
145	Onsu (Sungkonghoe Univ.)	온수 (성공회대입구)	溫水		｜	｜					1.9	68.0
146	Yeokgok (The Catholic Univ. of Korea)	역곡 (가톨릭대)	驛谷		●	●					1.3	69.3	Gyeonggi-do	Bucheon-si
147	Sosa (Seoul Theological Univ.)	소사 (서울신대)	素砂		｜	｜					1.5	70.8
148	Bucheon (Bucheon Univ.)	부천 (부천대)	富川		●	●					1.1	71.9
149	Jung-dong	중동	中洞		｜	｜					1.7	73.6
150	Songnae	송내	松內		●	●					1.0	74.6
151	Bugae	부개	富開		｜	｜					1.2	75.8	Incheon	Bupyeong-gu
152	Bupyeong (The Catholic Univ. of Korea Incheon St. Mary's Hospital)	부평 (가톨릭대 인천성모병원)	富平		●	●					1.5	77.3
153	Baegun	백운	白雲		｜	｜					1.7	79.0
154	Dongam	동암	銅岩		●	｜					1.5	80.5
155	Ganseok	간석	間石		｜	｜					1.2	81.7		Michuhol-gu
156	Juan	주안	朱安		●	●					1.2	82.9
157	Dohwa	도화	道禾		｜	｜					1.0	83.9
158	Jemulpo (Incheon Univ. Jemulpo Campus)	제물포 (인천대학교 제물포캠퍼스)	濟物浦		●	｜					1.0	84.9
159	Dowon	도원	桃源		｜	｜					1.4	86.3		Jung-gu
160	Dongincheon	동인천	東仁川		●	●					1.2	87.5
161	Incheon	인천	仁川		No service						1.9	89.4
↑ Joins other services at Guro Station ↑
141	Guro	구로	九老	●	●	●	●	｜		Gyeongbu Line	---	62.4	Seoul	Guro-gu
P142	Gasan Digital Complex (Mario Outlet)	가산디지털단지 (마리오아울렛)	加山디지털團地	No service			●	｜			2.4	64.8		Geumcheon-gu
P143	Doksan	독산	禿山				｜	｜			2.0	66.8
P144	Geumcheon-gu Office	금천구청	衿川區廳				○	●			1.2	68.0
P145	Seoksu	석수	石水				｜	｜			2.3	70.3	Gyeonggi-do	Anyang-si
P146	Gwanak (Anyang Art Park)	관악 (안양예술공원)	冠岳				｜	｜			1.9	72.2
P147	Anyang	안양	安養				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service)		2.4	74.6
P148	Myeonghak (Sungkyul Univ.)	명학 (성결대)	鳴鶴				｜	｜			2.2	76.8
P149	Geumjeong	금정	衿井				●	｜			1.4	78.2		Gunpo-si
P150	Gunpo	군포	軍浦				｜	●			2.2	80.4
P151	Dangjeong (Hansei Univ.)	당정 (한세대)	堂井				｜	｜			1.2	81.6
P152	Uiwang (Korea Nat'l Univ. of Transportation)	의왕 (한국교통대)	義王				○	●			3.0	84.6		Uiwang-si
P153	Sungkyunkwan Univ.	성균관대	成均館大				●	●			2.9	87.5		Suwon-si
P154	Hwaseo	화서	華西				｜	｜			2.6	90.1
P155	Suwon	수원	水原				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, ITX-Saemaeul, G-Train, & S-Train services		2.1	92.2
P156	Seryu	세류	細柳				｜	｜			2.9	95.1
P157	Byeongjeom (Hanshin Univ.)	병점 (한신대)	餅店				●	●			4.3	99.4		Hwaseong-si
P158	Sema	세마	洗馬				｜	｜			2.4	101.8		Osan-si
P159	Osan Univ.	오산대	烏山大				｜	｜			2.7	104.5
P160	Osan	오산	烏山				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service)		2.7	107.2
P161	Jinwi	진위	振威				｜	｜			4.0	111.2		Pyeongtaek-si
P162	Songtan	송탄	松炭				｜	｜			3.8	115.0
P163	Seojeongni (Kookje College)	서정리 (국제대학)	西井里				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service)		2.2	117.2
P164	PyeongtaekJije (Korea Nat'l Univ. of Welfare)	평택지제 (한국복지대학)	平澤芝制				｜	｜			4.8	122.0
P165	Pyeongtaek	평택	平澤				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho (limited service) & ITX-Saemaeul (limited service)		3.7	125.7
P166	Seonghwan (Namseoul Univ.)	성환 (남서울대)	成歡				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho (limited service)		9.4	135.1	Chungcheongnam-do	Cheonan-si
P167	Jiksan	직산	稷山				｜	｜			5.4	140.5
P168	Dujeong	두정	斗井				●	●			3.8	144.3
P169	Cheonan	천안	天安				●	●	Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, ITX-Saemaeul & S-Train services		3.0	147.3
P170	Bongmyeong	봉명	鳳鳴				Makes all stops (limited service)			Janghang Line	1.3	148.6
P171	Ssangyong (Korea Nazarene Univ.)	쌍용 (나사렛대)	雙龍								1.6	150.2
P172	Asan (Sun Moon Univ.)	아산 (선문대)	牙山						Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho & G-Train (at Cheonan-Asan Station)		1.6	151.8		Asan-si
P173	Tangjeong	탕정	湯井								1.8	153.6
P174	Baebang	배방	排芳								3.1	156.7
P175	Punggi (2025)	풍기	豊基
P176	Onyangoncheon	온양온천	溫陽溫泉						Mugunghwa-ho, Saemaeul-ho, & G-Train services		4.9	161.6
P177	Sinchang (Soonchunhyang Univ.)	신창 (순천향대)	新昌								5.1	166.7

Yeongdeungpo – Gwangmyeong shuttle service[edit]

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	Transfer	Line Name	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location
↑ Same stops as all-stop Gyeongbu Line services until Yeongdeungpo ↑
P144	Geumcheon-gu Office	금천구청	衿川區廳	(Main Lines)	Gyeongbu high-speed railway	---	68.0	Seoul	Geumcheon-gu
P144-1	Gwangmyeong	광명	光明			4.7	72.7	Gyeonggi-do	Gwangmyeong-si

Byeongjeom Depot spur service[edit]

Station Number	Station Name English	Station Name Hangul	Station Name Hanja	Transfer	Distance in km	Total Distance	Location
↑ Joins other Gyeongbu Line services at Byeongjeom ↑
P157	Byeongjeom (Hanshin Univ.)	병점 (한신대)	餅店		---	99.4	Gyeonggi-do	Hwaseong-si
P157-1	Seodongtan	서동탄	西東灘		2.2	101.6		Osan-si

Historical timeline[edit]

1974

August 15: Line 1 is officially opened with 9 stations from Seoul to Cheongnyangni (whose distance is 7.8 kilometers (4.8 mi)),^[1] creating a system of 28 stations (excluding the 9 metro stations) on national railroads from Seongbuk station (now: Kwangwoon University station, the then-northern terminus) to Incheon Station and Suwon Station. Korail is named Korean National Railroad, with Line 1 just referring to the Seoul-Cheongnyangni section.

1978

December 9: The Gyeongwon Line from Yongsan to Seongbuk opens as a new branch, with Ichon and Seongsu (now part of the Jungang Line).

1979

February 1: Yuljeon Station is opened.

1980

January 5: Sinimun Station is opened.

April 1: Seobinggo, Hannam and Hoegi (now part of the Jungang Line) are opened.

July 10: Seongsu is renamed Eungbong Station

1982

August 2: Seoksu Station is opened.

1984

January 1: Yuljeon Station is renamed Seongdae-ap Station.

May 22: Sindorim Station is opened.

November 20: Baegun Station is opened.

1985

January 14: Seokgye Station is opened.

April 20: Chang-dong is opened as a northward extension.

August 22: Wolgye and Nokcheon are opened.

October 18: Oksu Station (now part of the Jungang Line) is opened.

1986

September 2: 6 stations from UijeongbutoChang-dong are opened as a northward extension.

1987

October 5: Uijeongbu Bukbu Station is opened.

December 31: Jung-dong Station is opened.

1988

January 16: Onsu Station is opened.

October 25: The Ansan Line is opened as a southward branch, from Geumjeong StationtoAnsan Station.

1994

July 11: Ganseok and Dowon are opened.

December 1: Seongdae-ap Station is renamed to Sungkyunkwan University.

1995